初中英语初一形容词副词.doc

第十一讲 形容词和副词
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【学习目标】掌握形容词的用法,并对形容词和副词比较级最高级用法的回顾。
【知识要点】
（一）形容词的用法
形容词：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和 宾语补足语。
1.用作定语，修饰名词或代词。
（1）一般置于它所修饰的名词之前；
例如：he is a tall boy
(2)形容词修饰由 some,any,every,no 等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。
例如： Will you please tell us something interesting? 你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗？ There’s nothing special in the box. 盒子里没有什么特别的东西。
（3）enough 修饰名词时，既可以放在名词之前，也可以放在名词之后。
例 如： Don’t worry, we have enough time/time enough to get there. 别着急，我们有足够的时间赶到那
2.用作表语，位于系动词之后。常用 的有 ： be, become, get, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn, seem, keep, grow
例：The park is very beautiful.这座公园很美。
The soup smells delicious.汤闻上去真鲜美。
That sounds good.那听上去不错.
3.It’s + adj. + (of / for) sb to do sth. 译作“(某人)做某事是…的”。It 是形式主语，不定式结构是真正主语。of / for后面的sb是不定式的逻辑主语。
(1). 当形容词是可修饰人的形容词，即sb和adj.有主系表关系时，sb前用of。如 It’s clever of you to answer the question so quickly. / It’s kind of you to help me a lot. 这样的形容词有：kind, nice, rude, clever, silly, foolish等。
(2) 当形容词是不可以修饰人的形容词，即sb和adj.没有主系表关系时，sb前用for。如 It’s easy for her to clean the window by herself. / It’s important for us to learn English well. 这样的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, dangerous等。
（二）形容词、副词比较级和最高级构成：
1. 单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化：
规则
原级
比较级
最高级
1.在词尾后直接加-er/est
tall
taller
tallest
2.词尾是e，只加-r/st
nice
nicer
nicest
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i再加-er/est
happy
happier
happiest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/est
thin
thinner
thinnest
2. 其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—(the) most beautiful
3. 由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.
quickly—more quickly—(the) most quickly
difficultly—more difficultly—(the) most difficultly
4. 不规则变化:
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
old
older（指新旧）
oldest
elder（指年龄）
eldest
far
farther（指距离）
farthest
further（指程度）
furthest
（三）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法：
1. 原级的用法:
1）甲=乙：甲＋be＋as＋原级＋as＋乙, 用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”
Tom is as honest as Jack. Tom 和Jack一样诚实。
Her skin is as white as snow.
My dog is as old as that one.
2）甲不如乙：甲＋be not＋as/so＋原级＋as＋乙
He is not as(=so)tall as I. 他没我高。
The weather here is not as(=so)cool as the weather in Harbin.
3）甲是乙的几倍：甲＋be＋数词＋times＋as＋原级＋as＋乙
This room is four times as large as that one.这间房比那间房大四倍。
2. 比较级的用法:
1）甲＞乙或甲＜乙：甲＋be＋比较级＋than＋乙
Susan is happier than Jane.
His brother is younger than me.
Beijing is more beautiful than here.
形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit, much more来修饰。very, so, too, quite 不能修饰比较级。
2）数字+形容词、副词比较级+than
I’m two years older than you.
3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4）the +比较级，the +比较级结构，表示“越……就越……”
The more I study it, the more I like it.
5）which/who +is +比较级
Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?
Who is happier, you or me?
3. 最高级用法：
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。
1）one of the +最高级
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.
2）最高级意义的表达方法:
例句

最高级
She is the best in her class.
比较级
She is better than any other student in her class.
No other student in her class is better than she.
原级
No other student in her class is as good as she.

特殊：
1) 形容词最高级前一般都用定冠词，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词时，则不用定冠词。
e.g.：Today is my happiest day.今天是我最高兴的一天。
Give my best regards to your family. 请代我向你们全家问好。
2) most 有时与形容词连用，前面用不定冠词或不用冠词，意为“非常，很，极其”，用来加强语气。这时它不表示最高级的概念。
e.g.: He is a most friendly fellow. 他是个极其友好的人。
【经典例题】：
1） ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. well B. better C. good D. quite better
答案：B. quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。
【经典练习】
1．写出下列形容词的变化形式
（1）tall（比较级） ________ （2）large（比较级）________
（3）busy（最高级） ________ （4）thin（最高级）________
（5）delicious（比较级） ________ （6）much（比较级）________
（7）good（最高级） ________ （8）far（最高级）________
2．句型转换
（1）Shanghai is the largest city in China.（变同义句）
Shanghai is ________ than ________ ________ city in China.
（2）This dress is more beautiful than that blouse.（变同义句）
That blouse is not ________ ________ as this dress.
3．选择．
（1）She always buys ________ clothes though she is rich enough.
A．cheap B．good C．expensive D．beautiful
（2）Now the air in our town is ________ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it.
A．very good B．much better C．rather bad D．even worse
（3）—Which is _______ , the sun, the moon or the earth?
—Of course, the moon is.
A．small B．smaller C．smallest D．the smallest
（4）The more exercise you do, the ________you will be.
A．weaker B．healthier C．luckier D．worse
（5）The population of China is ________ than ________ of any other country in the world.
A．larger; the one B．more; that C．larger; that D．more; the one （6）The turcky tastes ________the chicken.
A, as better as B, much better than C, as well as D, the best to
（7） I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough
（8）The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ________ with me.
A．sad B．pleased C．angry D．sorry
（9）Jone looks so________ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
A．happy B．happily C．angry D．angrily
（10）This book isn’t so ________as that one. It’s hard to read.
A．new B．difficult C．easy D．easier
（11）All the students in our class are over fifteen except Li Lei. He is ________ in our class.
A．younger B．the oldest C．bad D．worse
（12）—What delicious cakes!
—They would taste________ with butter.
A．good B．better C．bad D．worse
（13）In our city, it’s ________ in July, but it is even_______ in August.
A．hotter; hottest B．hot; hot C．hotter; hot D．hot; hotter
（14）I like Chinese because it sounds ____.
A, wonder B, wondering C, wonderful D, wonderfully
（15）The book is ________. Most of the teachers are ________ in it.
A．interesting; interested B．interesting; interesting
C．interested; interesting D．interested; interested
（16） These oranges taste________.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
4．按要求写句子（翻译句子）
（1）英语和数学同样重要．
English is ____ important ____ math.
（2）在这两个女孩中，露西的个子比较高．
Lucy is ____ ____ of the two girls.
（3）他买了一件漂亮的蓝色新衬衫．
He bought a ________ ________ _______ shirt.
（4）北京变得越来越美丽了．
Beijing becomes ________ ________ ________ beautiful.
5.用所给词的恰当形式填空。
(1).Which is _______ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth?
(2).Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coart or the blue one?
(3)This mooncake is ____ (cheap) of all.
(4).He is _______ (strong) in the class.
(5)English is ____ (widely)spoken in the world.
 (6).The red coat is as_______(long) as the blue one.
(7).My sister is not so______(tall) as me/I.
(8)Mike does his homework as________(carefully) as Mark.
(9).They don't get up as____________(early) as We.
(10).He runs as ________(fast) as she.
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