初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习).doc

名词（一）
一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。
二、名词的分类：
1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。
a. 人名、地名、国名等 例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China
b.组织、团体、机构等 例如: the United Nations
c.语言、星期、月份等 例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法)
注意：国家与人的对应
China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s)
Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s)
France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen)
2． 普通名词：
（1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information …
不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。
只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：
little很少的（表示否定）； a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much（多少）， a bit of（一些）
既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：
some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多)
★ 不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of
例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread
two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread
注意： a bag of apples
（2）可数名词：可以直接以数字计算的名词。如one book、two pens。可数名词有数的变化，即每个名词都有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量：1、直接在其前加数词；2、在其前加of短语（of+可以用作计量的名词）。如：one egg, two eggs; one basket of eggs, two baskets of eggs
★名词复数的构成：
a. 一般情况下，直接在词尾加s; 例如：book---books girl---girls desk---desks
b.以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在词尾加es；例如：box---boxes bus---buses watch---watches fish---fishes
c. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i 加es; 例如：city---cities family---families
以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+y 结尾的，直接加s; 例如：boy---boys day---days key---keys
d. 以f或fe结尾的，变f或fe为v加es; 例如：knife---knives life---lives wife---wives half---halves但roof, scarf 后直接加s
e. 以o结尾的，有生命的(或以辅音字母加o 结尾的)加es, 没生命的（或以元音字母加o结尾的）加s; 例如：radio---radios Negro---Negroes
tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes zoo---zoos piano---pianos photo--- photos 但hippo后直接加s
以下名词特别容易出错，请注意：stomach胃—stomachs, roof屋顶—roofs, reef暗礁—reefs,
belief信仰—beliefs，handkerchief手帕—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
★ Man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, child-children, fish-fish/fishes, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen（公牛）, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, mouse-mice policeman-policemen 等
注：German(德国人)–Germans
只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：
few很少的（表示否定），a few一些（表示肯定），many（许多），how many（多少），a number of(许多的), several几个

课堂练习：
一、写出下列名词的复数形式：
1. egg _____________ 2. watch _____________ 3. story ______________
4. knife _____________ 5. radio ___________ 6. tomato _____________
7. desk _____________ 8. glass _____________ 9. child _______________
10. sheep ____________ 11. Chinese __________ 12.pencil-box ___________
13. wife ___________ 14. family________ 15. city____________
16. dress ___________ 17.Englishman ___________18. match ___________
19. exam___________ 20. German __________ 21. potato__________
22. .juice__________ 23.water________ 24.holiday________ 25.paper_______ 26.factory______ 27. thief_________
28.bus________ 29.class________ 30.glass______
31. wife 32. baby 33. policeman 34.brush

二、单项选择
1. Please pass me _____.
A. two glass of water    B. two glasses of waters   C. two glasses of water    D. two glass water
2. They got much ____ from those new books.
A. ideas    B. photos    C.information    D. stories
3. He had something to write down and asked me for ______.
A.a paper B.some papers  C.some pieces of papers  D.a piece of paper
4. Some ______ are flying kites near the river.
A.child   B.boy    C.boys     D.childs
5. I’d like some water, but he wants _______.
A. two bottle orange   B. two bottles of orange  C. two bottles of oranges D. two bottles of oranges
6. Look at the _______. You can see______ ________ and ________.
A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radioes   B. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radios
C. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios   D. photos; potatos, tomatos, radioes 
7. Cut the apple into ________. A. halfs   B.halves   C. half
8. Mr. Lin often gives us __________ by e-mail.
A. some good information  B. some good informations  C. good informations    D. a good information
9. There are _____ in the fields. They’re eating grass.
A. a horse     B. much horses     C. many horse     D. many horses
10. I am thirsty. Would you bring me _______, please?
A.some bread  B.some water  C.some cakes   D.some eggs
11. ---How great Dalian Radio and TV center looks!---Yes. That’s one of the greatest ________ in Dalian.
A. building  B. build  C. buildings  D. builds
12. How many ______ has the old farmer got?
A. field    B. sheep     C. mutton     D. cow
13. The guide has some new _______. She can show them to us.
 A.rice   B.food    C.jacket    D.pictures
14. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---__________, please.
A.Two cup of coffee    B.Two cups of coffees   C.Two cups of coffee     D.Two cup of coffees
15. The _______ are going to fly to Beijing.
A.Germen   B.Germany     C.Germanys   D.Germans
16. The _______ has two ___________.
A.boys, watches   B.boy, watch   C.boy, watches   D.boys,watch
17. The boy always stays there for __________.
A.one and half hour   B.one and a half hour   C.one and half hours      D.one and a half hours
18. ---They are thirsty. Will you please give them _________? ---Certainly.
A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of water  C.some bottle of water  D.some bottle of waters
19. Don’t you think Dalian is one of the most beautiful ________ in China?
A.cities    B.city     C.place      D.towns up 
20. ---What can I do for you? ---I’m looking for __________.
A.a pair of shoes       B.a pair of T-shirt     C.two pairs of hat    D.two pair of trousers
21. Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident.
A.person; life     B.people; lives   C.peoples; lives    D.persons; life
22. There are ________ on the table.
A.a glass of water   B.a glass of milk     C.two glasses of water      D.a glass of orange
23. There are few _______ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
A.vegetables    B.fruit     C.meat    D.eggs
24. Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us.
A.some good pieces of news  B.some pieces of good news 
C.some good piece of news   D.some piece of good news
25. There is a lot of ________ in the box.
A.cake  B.bags of cakes  C.milk   D.bags of milk

课后作业：
一、英汉互译
1.一片面包 2. 一瓶牛奶
3.一箱苹果 4. 一碗汤
5.一条消息 6. 四杯桔子汁
7.五包糖果 8. 两公斤牛肉
9.十一名美国人 10. 六名女学生

二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。
1. I have two (knife).
2. There are many (box) here.
3. I got a lot of Christmas (card).
4. There is a pair of (glass) on the table.
5. There are a few (people) in the playground.
6. How many (ship) can you see in the picture?
7. Mike has seven (friend).
8. A few (boy) are drawing on the wall.
9. He has some interesting (book).
10. The (child) are playing football now.

三、单项选择
1. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread  C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
2. I would like to have_______.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
3. Can you give me ____?
A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D . a cup of tea
4. Please give me ________ paper. 
A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of
5. John bought_________for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe  C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 
6. Children should make____ for old people in a bus.
A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room 
7. There are sixty-seven___ in our school.
A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
8. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato  B. potatos  C. potatoes  D. Potatos
9.A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.
A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans
11.Lucy and I go to school _____ every day.
A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses
12. –Are those _____? -No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows
13.She is the tallest of in the family.
A. any sister B. all the sisters C. all her sisters D. any other sisters
14. They don’t have to do today.
A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D.much homeworks
15. The Chinese people enjoy happy now.
A. life B. lifes C. a life D. lives

名词（二）
重点：名词所有格
在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上’s, 用来表示所属关系，这种结构称为名词
的所有格。
1. 单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加’s.
Eg. the boy’s schoolbag the worker’s shoes
2. 复数名词的词尾已有s, 只需加’即可。
Eg. the teachers’ office the students’ pens
3. 若复数名词词尾无s, 则应加’s.
Eg. Women’s Day the People’s Park
4. 无生命的词的所有格一般可用of 加名词这一结构来表示。
Eg. the name of the museum the center of the city
5. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名词前加’s，若表示各自所有， 则每个名词后都要加’s.
Eg. Jim and Tom’s bedroom (吉姆和汤姆的卧室)（两人共有）
Jim’s and Tom’s bedrooms (吉姆和汤姆的卧室) （两人各自所有）

课堂练习：
一、 用’s 或of 填空。
1. my mother bag 2. Tom friend
3. the door our room 4. postmen bags
5. the teachers desk 6. a book my father’s
二、汉译英
1. 露西的书 2. 学生们的鞋子
3. 李明的猫 4. 母亲的裙子
5. 这个公园的花 6. 我们教室的墙

三、 用所给名词的正确形式填空。
1. This is (May) book.
2. My (brothers) toy cars are very beautiful.
3. He is a friend of my (mother).
4. That’s (Ken and Bill) new bedroom.
5. ---Whose are these lunchbox?
---They are (Ben).
6. (Pat) bag is very pretty. （Bob）is very pretty, too.
7. These books are my (friend).
8. Tomorrow is June 1st. It’s (children) Day.
四、单项选择
1. This is not your radio, but .
A. yours brother B. your brother’s C. you brother’s D. yours brothers
2. September 10th is Day.
A. Teacher B. Teachers C. Teachers’ D. Teachers’s
3. Jane is sister.
A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary’s and Jack D. Mary and Jack’s
4. I will give you to finish it.
A. two week’s time B. two week time
C. two weeks’ time D. two weeks time
5. Miss Smith is a friend of .
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother
C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
6. March 8th is Day.
A. Woman B. Women C. Women’s D. Woman’s
7. Mary went to last night.
A. the house of her father B. hers father’s house
C. the house’s her father D. her father’s house
8. There are sheep in this place.
A. a lot B. lot C. much D. many
9. It’s about walk from this shop to the nearest bus stop.
A. three minutes’ B. three minute C. three minute’s D. three minutes’s
10. The doctor was very happy. He made mistakes in the exam.
A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
课后练习：
一、用’s 或of 填空。
1. the desks our classroom 2. my btother computer
3. windows the office 4. the students Grade four
5. the drivers cars 6. today newspaper
7. Linda blouse 8. the doctors coats
二、汉译英。
1. 六个月的假期 2. Lily和Lucy 的单车
3. 老师们的包 4. 女孩们的裙子
5. 孩子们的牛奶 6. 林涛的衣服
7. 她姐姐的照片 8. 这些男士的夹克
三、将下面的句子填写完整。
1. （李明的父母）work in a big hospital.
2. (小女孩的狗) is under the tree.
3.That big bed is (Mike 和Jack的).
4. (母亲的鞋子) are all black.
5. (教室的窗户) are not big.
6. (Peter 和Sue 各自的老师) are not in the office.
7. (他的猫的名字) is Miao.
8. This is (我妹妹的英语书).
9. (王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.
10. Is this (你的好朋友的笔)?
四、用be 动词的适当形式填空。
1. There a desk and three chairs here.
2. Half of the information lost yesterday.
3. He thinks maths very difficult.
4. Look, there so much water here!
5. there any people in the room last night?
6. Tom and Mike’s bedroom very small.
7. All the students know Paris the capital of France.
8. The books of his uncle’s a bit expensive.
9. Tom’s grandparents teachers.
10. The trousers on the chair Mr Brown’s.
11. This pair of glasses too big for me.
12. That beautiful clothes my sister’s.

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