初中英语语法——句型转换之同义句.doc

初中英语语法——句型转换之同义句
（注意：修改顺序）
同义句转换是句型转换题型中一种非常重要的形式。所谓同义句转换，是指用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示相同或相近的意思。它是中考命题的一大热点。现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳，以期对同学们的中考复习有所帮助。
　　一、用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写。
　　1. The children are wearing beautiful clothes.
　　The children are _________beautiful clothes.
　　2. Every day, Yao Ming receives E-mails from thousands of basketball fans.
　　Every day,Yao Ming _________thousands of basketball fans.
　　3. Mr. Smith is working.
　　Mr. Smith is__________ __________.
　　答案：1. in 2. hears from 3. at work
　　简析：英语中有不少同义、近义词(组)，在平时学习中要注意总结归纳。如：enjoy oneself/have a good time, look after/take care of,difficult/hard, can/be able to,over/more than,receive(get)a letter from/hear from等等。
　　二、用反义词(组)改写。
　　4. Chinese is more popular than Japanese.
　　Japanese is __________ popular __________ Chinese.
　　5. The runner couldn't catch up with the others in the race.
　　The runner _________ __________ the others in the race.
　　6. A computer is more useful than a VCD.
　　A VCD is not _________useful _________a computer.
　　答案：4. less, than 5. fell behind 6. as，as
　　简析：此类转换应注意有时主语位置会改变，并要特别总结归纳反义词(组)。如：new-old, big-small, long-short, more than-less than等。
　　三、用同义句型改写。
　　7. Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams.
　　It ________Ann two weeks to __________ ready for the exams.
　　8. She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chinese dictionary.
　　The English-Chinese dictionary __________ ___________ 30 dollars.
　　答案：7. took, get 8. cost her
　　简析：此类转换必须弄清每个句型的构成特点，而且还要注意句中每个句型的固定搭配。如：give sb. sth.与give sth. to sb.的转换，spend some time(in)doing sth.／on sth.与It takes sb.some time to do sth.的转换等等。
　　四、二句并一句转换为简单句。
　　9. Jim doesn't like noodles，and Jack doesn't,either.
　　_________Jim_________Jack likes noodles.
　　10. Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.
　　Mrs. Smith is_________ _________my teacher_________ _________my good friend.
　　答案：9. Neither,nor 10.not only,but also
　　简析：英语中常用not only... but also，either... or,neither... nor,both... and等连词把两个意义相关的简单句合并成一个简单句。解题过程中要注意连词的选用和主谓一致原则。除此之外，还可用too... to,enough to等把两个简单句合并成另一简单句。如：Tom is young. He can't go to school.→Tom is too young to go to school.
　　五、用派生词或多义词改写。
　　11. The snow was heavy last night.
　　　　It_________ _________last night.
　　答案：snowed heavily
　　简析：句中名词snow和形容词heavy转换成了动词snowed和副词heavily。
　　六、并列句与复合句的互换。
　　12. If you play basketball here，you may break the windows.
　　　　_________play basketball here,_________you may break the windows.
　　13. Go on planting trees for two more years and the hill will be covered with green trees.
　　If we go on planting trees，the hill will_________ _________in two_________ _________.
　　答案：12. Don't,or 13. turn green,years' time
　　简析：含有祈使句的并列句，可转换为含if条件句的复合句。
　　七、简单句与复合句的互换。
　　14. Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree?
　　　　Do you know_________ _________get the kite down from the tree?
　　答案: how to
　　简析：复合句转换为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有：(1)用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词短语替换；(2)将宾语从句简化为"疑问词＋不定式"；(3)将so... that... (such... that... )引导的状语从句简化为含有too... to... (或enough to)的简单句；(4)将if引导的状语从句简化为"祈使句，and(or)＋句子"。
　　八、综合转换。
　　15. Something is wrong with that machine.
　　　　That machine_________ _________.
　　答案：doesn't work
　　简析：综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。
　　至于一些特殊形式的变化，同学们在解题过程中要不断归纳总结，彻底掌握它们。下面就请你做几道练习题一试身手吧！
　　1. Bike is short for bicycle.
　　　　Bike is_________ _________ _________saying bicycle.
　　2. It took Mary an hour to do her homework last night.
　　　　Mary________ an hour _________her homework last night.
　　3. They made him work 12 hours a day.
　　　　He_________ _________ _________ _________ 12 hours a day.
　　4. I am a League member. He is a League member,too.
　　　　_________ he_________ I _________League members.
　　5. He is so young that he can't join the army.
　　　　He is _________ young________ the army.
　　6. The player smiled and jumped into the river.
　　　　The player jumped into the river_________ _________ _________.
　　7. Mr. Brown left London six years ago.
　　　　Mr. Brown _________ _________ _________ _________London for six years.
　　8. The earth is bigger than the moon.
　　The moon Is _________ _________ _________ _________the earth.
　　9. He is one of my friends.
　　He is a friend _________ _________.
　　10. The teacher told us that we should not meet at the school gate.
　　The teacher told us_________ _________ _________at the school gate.
　　11. I have something to tell you. It's interesting.
　　　　I have _________ _________ to tell you.
　　12. I saw them playing basketball there.
　　　　I saw _________they_________ _________basketball there.
　　13. Listen carefully,and you'll become more interested.
　　　　_________ _________listen carefully, you'll become more interested.
　　14. She has been a nurse for five years.
　　　　It_________ _________ _________ _________she became a nurse.
　　15. All are here, but our English teacher isn't.
　　_________is here _________our English teacher.
　　16. It was so interesting a film that all of us saw it twice.
　　It was_________ _________interesting _________that all of us saw it twice.
　　17. Mother was busy with some housework when I got home.
　　Mother was_________ _________some house-work when I got home.
　　参考答案：
　　1. another way of 2.spent;on/doing 3. was made to work 4. Both;and;are 5. too;to join 6. with a smile 7. has been away from 8. not as／so big as 9. of mine 10. not to meet 11. something interesting 12. that;were playing 13. If you 14. is five years since 15. Everyone／Everybody,except／but 16. such an;film 17. busy doing