【高中英语语法词性】介词与形容词、名词、动词的习惯搭搭配.doc

介词与形容词、名词、动词的习惯搭搭配

1. We offered him our congratulations___________ his passing the college entrance exams. (NMET1993)
A. at B. on C. for D. of
2. The home improvement have taken what little there is __________ my spare time. (NMET2001)
A. from B. in C. of D. at
3. Mary Curie took little notice___________the honors that were given to her in her later years.(2002 上海)
A.of B. on C. about D. from
KEYS: 1.B 2.C 3.A

精析精解

介词常和形容词、名词、动词等构成固定搭配，常见的有以下几类：
▲形容词+介词
1)与at搭配：
be angry at(about)因某事而生气；be astonished at 对某事感到惊讶：be best at非常擅长；be clever at 在某方面聪明（擅长）；be disappointed at 听（看）到……而失望；be good at在某方面（学得、做得）好，善于；be pleased at听（看）到……而高兴；be present at出席、到场；be shocked at因……而感到震惊；be surprised at因……而吃惊
2)与in搭配：
be active in 在某方面活跃、积极；be busy in(doing something)忙于做某事；be deep in…埋头于、深陷于；be disappointed in 对某人（事）感到失望；be dressed in穿着……；be fortunate in在某方面很幸运；be interested in对……感兴趣；be poor in在某方面薄弱；be quick in在某方面反应快；be rich in在……方面富有（丰富）；be right in在某方面正确；be skilled in(at)熟练、有技巧；be strict in在某方面认真；be weak in在某方面差（弱）
3)与of搭配：
be afraid of害怕、恐怕；be ashamed of感到惭愧；be careful of当心，小心（含警告之意）；be certain of(about)确信；有把握；be fond of爱好、喜欢；be frightened of非常害怕……；be full of充满；be froud of为……自豪、骄傲；be short of缺乏、不足；be sure of(about)确信，有把握；be tired of厌烦做某事；be free of(from)免受；无……的
4)与for搭配：
be afraid for为……担心；be anxious for渴望（得到）……；be bad for对……有害、不利；be eager for (about, after)急切地想得到……；be famous for因……而出名；be fit for适合、胜任；渴望……；be prepared for迟到、晚；be prepared for（思想、物质上）做好了准备；be ready for为……做好准备；be similar to与……相似；be sorry for(about)为……后悔、惋惜；be suitable for适合于……；be thirsty for渴望；be unfit for不称职，不胜任
5)与with搭配：
be angry with(at) 生某人气；be busy with忙于某事；be careful with注意、细心；be connected with与……有联系；be lined with排列；be marked with做上标志；be patient with对某人有耐心；be pleased with对……感到满意；be popular with受欢迎；be satisfied with对……感到满意；be strict with对某人严格要求；be wrong with不顺心，出毛病
6)与about搭配：
be anxious about (for)为……担心；be clear about（理解得）清楚、明白；be curious about 对……好奇；be mad about(on)狂热地迷恋某事（人）；be mistaken about弄错（误会）；be nervous about因某事而心中忐忑不安；be serious about对……很认真；be silent about对某事默不作声；be worried about为……担心
7)与to搭配：
be blind to视而不见，盲目的；be cruel to对某人残酷无情；be devoted to忠诚于……；be equal to相等于；be friendly to对某人友好；be helpful to对……有帮助；be kind to 对某人仁慈友爱；be known to为人所知；be married to与某人结婚；be opposite to相对立的；be polite to对人有礼貌；be thankful to感激某人；be unknown to不为人所知；be used to习惯于
8)与其他介词连用：
be based on基于……；be different from于……不同；be distant towards对某人冷淡；be famous as作为……而出名；be hard on对某人苛刻
▲名词与介词的固定搭配：
1)介词+名词：
at every step每走一步；at a price of以……的价格；at the speed of以……的速度；at work在工作；at war处于战争状态；at sea出海；at ease轻松；at allcosts无论如何，不惜一切代价；at a loss不知所措；at any moment随时；at dawn拂晓时；at first sight一见就……；at full speed全速；随便地、逍遥法外；at one time曾经；at peace和好；at table在吃饭；at sea在航海中；at sixes and sevens乱七八糟的；at the age of在……年龄时；at the back of在……的后面；at the cost of以……为代价；at the same time同时；at the top of在顶部；at times 时尔；in action在行动；in advance事先；心情好；in a hurry匆忙 ；in all directions 因面八方；in anger愤怒地；in answer to响应……；in astonishment吃惊地；in a whisper小声地；in a word 总之；in charge以防……，万一；in case of假使，万一；in charge负责；in common共有，共同；in danger处在危险中；in debt负债；in detail详细地；in excitement兴奋地，激动地；in favor of支持；if fear害怕地；in general大体上；in high spirits情绪很高；in hand手头有……；in honor of为纪念；in hopes of希望……；in itself本身，实际上；in love with爱上了……；in memory of为纪念……；in need of需要……；in no time立即；in no way决不；in one’s heart在心里；in one’s opinion在某人看来；in operation生效，运转着；in order整齐，按顺序；in other words换句话说；in pain疼痛；in peace和平地；in place在适当的位置；in place of代替；in possession of占有；in prison坐牢；in progress在进行中；in public在公众场合；in rags穿得很破旧；in reality实际上；in return作为报答；in rows成排；in safety安全地；in search of寻找；in secret秘密地；in shape处于良好状态；in short简言之；in sight被看见；in silence安静地；in spite of尽管；in sight贮藏着；in this case在这种情况下；in the air在空中；in the beginning开始时；in the course of在……期间；in the distance在远处；in the end最后；in the habit of有……的习惯；in the open公开地，in the past在过去；in the sun在阳光下；in the way碍事；in this manner照这样；in though思考；in time总有一天；in trouble处在困境中；in turn依次；in wonder奇怪；lie in在于……；on one’s arrival一到达；on foot步行；on fire失火；on one’s arrival在出售，削价；on show展出；on account of因为……；on a large scale大规模地，广泛地；on any account无论如何；on behalf of代表……，为了……；on board在船上（飞机，火车）；on business有事，因公；on duty在值班，上班；on earth在世界上，在人间，究竟，到底；on guard警戒站岗；on hand手头有（事做），在场，即将发生；on occasion间或；独立地，on one’s own凭自己地力量，自愿地；on purpose故意，为了；on the air在广播； on the contrary相反；on the edge of在……边缘上；on the point of正要……的时候；on the spot当场，立即，在现场；on the whole总的看来；with all one’s heart真心实意地；with all speed快速地；with care小心；害怕地/高兴地；with regard to关于……；with relation to有关……；with the help of在……帮助下
2)名词+介词：
because of…因为……；dependence on…依靠……；discussion about/on关于……的讨论；hundreds of数以百计的；thousands of…数以千计的；effect on对……的影响；explanation to…对……的解释；half of…的一半；the idea of……的主意；lack of…缺乏……；proof of…的证据；reason for………的原因；success in在……方面成功
▲动词+介词：
agree with/ to/on 同意，赞同；arrive at到达（小地方）;arrive in到达（大地方）；attendon侍候……，看护……，照料；base on以……为基础；call on访问（某人）；come from来自……；call at拜访某地；count on依靠……，期待……；depend on依靠；fall behind落后于；feed on以……为食，用……喂养；get to到达；hear from收到……的来信；hear of听说；laugh at嘲笑；listen to听……；live on靠……为生；look after照顾；look at看……；look for寻找；look like看起来像……；meet with偶然碰到……；move to搬到……；pay for付款；pay for和……玩耍；point to指向；result in导致……朝……大喊；talk about谈论；think about思考；think of想出；wait for等待；worry about担忧；wait on服侍
2) 动词|+宾语+介词：
prefer…to喜欢……而不喜欢……；stop…from阻止某人做某事；question sb. on sth审问某人某事；give advice on…就……提意见；take an interest in对……感兴趣；take part in参加；take care of关心……；congratulate sb. on sth祝贺某人；fix one’ s eyes on/ upon盯住……，凝视……；keep an eye on照看……，密切注视……，take pity on可怜……，同情……；bury oneself in埋头于……；catch hold of抓住；get rid of消灭，去掉；lose control of失去对……的控制；lose sight of看不见……；make a fool of使自己出丑；make fun of开……的玩笑；make the best of/ make full use of充分利用；take a photograph of给……照相；take charge of负责；take no notice of不理睬；take possession of控制，占有；warn sb. of警告某人；have a word with:和……说一两句话；lose touch with和……失去联系；make an appointment with和……约会
3)动词+副词+介词
catch up with赶上、超过；de well in 在某方面做得好；get on with与人相处；go on with继续；look down upon看不起……；keep up with不落后于……

能力自检
1. Tom was absent___________ school____________ the illness.
A. from; because of B. in; for
C. at; because D. out of; because of
2. The old man died ___________ cold_________ a cold night.
A. from; at B. of; in
C. of; on D. for; during
3. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 2,000. That means it has risen_________ 50%.
A. by B. at C. to D. with
4. The two phrases are similar__________ structure but different____________ meanings.
A. in;in B. to; to C. in; from D. from; from
5. The parents were overjoyed and burst____________ tears ___________ the news of their son’s victory in the Olympic Games.
A. into; at B. out; for C. forth; on D. to; after
KEYS: 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.A