2012年考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析.ppt

2012年考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析,,Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildren________totheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.A.todevelopB.tobedevelopedC.developingD.willdevelop,,,AForthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential在句中做目的状语，thesechildren是todevelop的逻辑主语，这种主谓关系在目的状语中一般是不能用分词表示的。B中不定式被动式与句意相悖;for不是连词，故不能选D，否则语句不通。,,,,Spaceexplorationpromisestoopenupmanynewterritoriesforhumansettlement,aswellas_________theharvestofmineralresources.leadstotoleadtoleadingtoleadto,,,,Caswellas在语法功能上相当于介词，所以在句中要接动名词leadingto。,,,Someday,solarpowercollectedbysatellites________theearthorfissionpower(裂变能)manufacturedbymankindmaygiveusalltheenergyweneedforanexpandingcivilization.circledtocirclecirclingcircles,,C句子的主语为solarpowerorfissionpower，谓语是maygive,collectedbysatellitecirclingtheearth是后置定语修饰solarpower，其中circlingtheearth又是现在分词短语修饰satellite，“环绕地球的卫星”，相当于thesatellitewhichcirclestheearth。其他选择项均不符合句子语法结构要求。,,,,Inthisexperiment,theyarewakenedseveraltimesduringthenight,andaskedtoreportwhatthey________.A.hadjustbeendreamingB.arejustdreamingC.havejustbeendreamingD.hadjustdreamt,,C句中已给出频次状语severaltimes，说明要用完成时态，同时句子的时态定位是现在时theyarewakened，显然不能用过去完成时，所以选C。,,Herterrorwassogreat________somewheretoescape,shewouldhaverunforherlife.onlyifthattherehadonlybeenC.thathadthereonlybeenD.iftherewereonly,,,C这是一个so…that结构表示结果状语的句型，A、D可以排除。在that从句中又有条件从句，而且应该是虚拟语气结构，B中没有表示条件的连词，是错误的。C虽然也没有连词if，但采用了倒装结构，可以将if省略，又是haddone，表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态、结构完全正确，因此是惟一正确的选择。,,Somewomen________agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.mustmakeshouldhavemadeC.wouldmakeD.couldhavemade,,D这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。shouldhavemade意思是“本应该做而实际上没做”，与原句意不够贴切。,,Alightwithnomorepowerthan________byanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.A.asisproducedB.thatproducedC.thatisproducedD.produced,,B相当于Alightwithnomorepowerthanthepowerthatisproducedby…。that代替power，表示相比较的事物，而D中没有比较对象，故不对;as表示原级比较，不与than用在一起，故A也不正确;C中缺少that的先行词，也是错误的。,,Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalone________whatlaybeneaththesurface.A.askingB.askC.toaskD.beasked,,Cletalone，“更不用说……”，在用法上相当于并列连词，因此要求填入与前面一样的结构，此处是不定式。,,Eveniftheyareonsale,these________refrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,attheotherstore.A.anyoneB.theothersC.thatD.theones,,D句子要求填一个能够代替theserefrigerators的代词，故排除A、C。theothers一般与另一部分相对而言，在此句中不对，所以选theones。,,Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthas________itssoilandthewaterofitslakes,riversandoceans.A.areB.isC.doD.has,,A句子后半句是倒装句，主语是复数itssoilandthewaterofitslakes,riversandoceans，因为较长，所以后置，故选A。,,Fromnowon,whenanyoneinourrankswhohasdonesomeusefulworkdies,soldierorcook,weshouldhaveafuneralceremonyandamemorialmeetinginhishonor.A.nomatterheisB.whetherhehasbeenC.beheD.whetherbehe,,C此句含有让步状语从句whether…or…“不管是……还是……”，采用倒装后省略连词，用原形动词，所以只能选C。,,In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize,andwashonoredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazismhewasdrivenfromGermanybecausehewasaJew.A.thenB.andC.whenD.before,,Cwhen引导时间从句：“纳粹上台的时候,他被赶出德国……”then不是连词,用在句中不符合句法要求;如果选B,应为andthen;before填入句中句意不通。,,Physicsisthepresent-dayequivalentofusedtobecallednaturalphilosophyfromwhichmostofpresent-daysciencearose.A.thatB.allC.whichD.what,,D句中要求一个能够引导of介词宾语从句的连接词,所以只有what具有这个功能。,,thepopulationofworkingageincreasedby1millionbetween1981and1986,todayitisbarelygrowing.A.WhereasB.EvenifC.AfterD.Nowthat,,A前后两个句子是对比关系:increased和barelygrowing,而evenif表示让步“即使”;after表示时间;nowthat表示原因,故只有whereas正确。,,Hisfeatureswereagreeable;hisbody,slightofbuild,hadsomethingofathleticoutline.A.somehowB.asC.thoughD.somewhat,,Cthough表示让步,意为“虽然”，全句的意思是:“他的长相挺好,身体虽然瘦小,但有点儿运动员的样子。”somehow“不知怎么”、“不知什么原因”。as可以引导让步从句,但句子结构要倒装,不用于省略句,因此在此处不合适。somewhat“有几分”、“有点儿”,没有让步意味。,,Bythefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,internationalcommercialtrafficvastlybeyondtoday’slevels.A.willbeexpectedtoextendB.willhavebeenexpectedtoextendC.isexpectedtobeextendedD.isexpectedtohaveextended,,D句子讲的是“人们期待到21世纪前10年时,国际性商业航空交通远远超过当今水平”,人们现在就期待,而不是将来期待,所以A、B是错误的;另外,表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或出现的状态,应用将来完成时,按句意,是指extend这一动作的完成,所以应该在不定式上体现出来。根据上述分析,选D符合句意要求。,,Weadvocatetheeconomic,culturalandreligioustraditionsofallnationalminorities.A.torespectB.toberespectedC.respectingD.havingrespected,,C动词advocate后接动名词而不接不定式做宾语。D虽然是动名词,但用其完成式在语义上讲不通。,,Therearetwohorsesattheendsofaropewithalltheirmightinoppositedirections.A.pullingB.pullC.pulledD.topull,,Apulling是现在分词在句中做horses的定语,相当于whichpull。,,TodaytheTennesseeValleyisoneoftherichestareasintheworld.Butifthingsastheywereitwouldnowbeadesert.A.hadleftB.wereleftC.hadbeenleftD.hadbeenleaving,,Chadbeenleft表示与过去事实相反的假设“如果情况还像以前那样”。,,Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonlyhowhishometownwasdamagedinanearthquake.A.tofindoutB.findingoutC.tohavefoundoutD.tobefindingout,,A不定式tofindout做结果状语,有意想不到的含义。不定式表示结果时,用其一般式即可。,,Relaxation,_______freshair,purewaterandcleanfood,isessentialtoasoundmindandhealthybody.A.muchlessthanB.nolessthanC.nomorethanD.anylessthan,,Bnolessthan“与……同样(重要)”。全句意为:“放松休息,就像新鲜空气、纯净水、清洁的食品一样,是健康的身心所不可缺少的。”,,Itisfarbettertodowellabitofworkwhichiswell_______alargefortune.A.worthytobedonethanhaveB.worthdoingthantohaveC.worthwhiletodothanhaveD.worthyofdoingthanhave,,Btohavealargefortune与todowellabitofwork…是并列不定式。另外，worth,worthy,worthwhile在用法上的区别是:(1)worth是介词,后接动名词或名词，形成介词短语。接动名词时,与主语是动宾关系，其形式是主动的，意义是被动的。如:Thebookisworthreading.(2)worthy是形容词,置于be动词后或名词后面,做后位修饰语,其结构是:beworthyofdoingsth.,sth.isworthytobedone。(3)worthwhile是形容词，要与形式主语it并用：Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook.worth和worthy都不能用于这种结构。,,Understandingtheculturalhabitofanothernation,especially_______containingasmanydifferentsubculturesastheUnitedStates,isacomplextask.A.oneB.theoneC.thatD.such,,Aone指代前面提到的具有泛指含义的可数名词单数,在该句中指代anothernation,句中属于泛指，可见B是错误的。such指代前面讲过的整个情况，多用作主语。that指物时常用来指代不可数名词,指代可数名词时具有特指含义。,,Whetherornotthenextplanwillyieldanypositiveresults_______tobeseen.A.remainB.remainsC.isremainedD.haveremained,,Bwhether引导名词性从句做主语,谓语动词应为单数。另外，remain一般不用被动式,所以B为正确选项。,,Ifeveragain_______happensanaccidentlikethis,wewillhaveonlyourselvestoblame.A.itB.soC.thereD.that,,C这是therebe句型的异化形式，即therebe句型中还可以用be以外的不及物动词，如live,stand,exist,come,remain等。,,Thestudentsweremuchencouraged_______achancetotalkwiththeAmericansinEnglish.A.togetB.gottenC.tohavegotD.havinggot,,C句中不定式表示原因:“学生有机会用英语与美国人交谈，很受鼓舞。”所以应用不定式完成式。如果句子用的是一般现在时are,那么选A是对的。,,Whenapersonisinahappyframeofmind,hemayagreeonthethingthathewon’ttolerate_______whenheisnotintherightframeofmind.A.doingB.todoC.doneD.tobedone,,Atolerate要求动名词做宾语,只能选A。,,Recentlymanyschoolshavefacedwhatcouldbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor,insimpleterms,thephenomenonofstudentswithphonicandgrammarskillsstill_______unabletounderstandwhattheyread.A.areB.tobeC.beingD.havebeen,,C动名词being做students的逻辑谓语,相当于…students…beingunabletounderstandwhattheyread。整个动名词短语做of的宾语，所以只能选C。,,I_______thetrainbutIoversleptthatmorning.A.couldcatchB.mightcatchC.musthavecaughtD.couldhavecaught,,D这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，前半部分假设，后半部分真实，因此应选couldhavecaught，意为“我本来能赶上火车的，可是那天早上我睡过头了”。区别这类含蓄虚拟条件句的关键词是but。,,Itisverykindofyoutodothewashing-up,butyou_______it.A.mustn’thavedoneB.wouldn’thavedoneC.mightn’thavedoneD.didn’thavetodo,,Ddidnthavetodoit“不用非得洗(碗)”，符合句意。,,Ifyouhavebeengeneroustoapersonforaperiodoftime,itismostlikelythatthepersonwilltakeadvantageofyourgenerosityandtradeonyour“weakness”becomeappreciativeofyourkindness.A.butnotB.letaloneC.ratherthanD.insteadof,,Cratherthan表示对比，在意思上前后形成对照：takeadvantageofyourgenerosity…ratherthanbecomeappreciativeofyourkindness意为“利用你的慷慨，而不是理解你的好意”。另外，ratherthan在结构上起并列作用，使takeadvantage与becomeappreciative平行。,,Apoetmustnotwritefortheagespast,butforinwhichhelivesandthosewhicharetofollow.A.oneB.thoseC.theoneD.that,,Ctheone替代theage，还原为：…butmustwritefortheageinwhichhelivesandtheageswhicharetofollow。,,Thereisadelicatebalanceofnaturemanysquaremilesofoceanandvegetationandcleanairareneededtomaintainonlyarelativelyfewhumanbeings.A.whereB.inwhichC.whenD.how,,Binwhich在定语从句中做状语，相当于inthebalanceofnature(manysquaremilesof…)。,,Therearecasesnewfactoriesarebeingputupandbeautifuloldtreesaregoingtobecutdownforanewfactory.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when,,Cthat引导case的同位语从句，其他连接词都不合适。,,Somebodyinthenextroommustbeill,adoctorhasjustcomeout.A.becauseB.forC.inthatD.as,,Bfor连接一个原因分句，对前面的推测做原因上的解释。请考生记住：无论从逻辑推理还是从语法规则上看，只要前面是表示推测的句子，后面大都用for连接后一句，而不用其他连词。,,Hewouldalwaysignorethefactofsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought.A.theretobeB.therebeingC.itbeingD.therehavingbeen,,Btherebeing做介词of的宾语，如果是介词for，则用theretobe。,,Aconvenientwayistosetthefoodonapieceofaluminumoil,totheairforhalfanhour,andthencoveritwithadish.A.letitstayopenB.letitstayedopenC.lettingitstayopenD.lettingitstayopened,,C分词短语做伴随状语，形容词open在分词短语中做补语，表示状态，不用过去分词，所以D不正确。,,Theyuswillinglybutthattheyhappenedtobeshortofhands,too.A.wouldhelpB.wouldhavehelpedC.weregoingtohelpD.musthavehelped,,B此句是含蓄虚拟语气句，暗含的假设条件为：iftheyhadn’thappenedtobeshortofhands。故应选B。,,Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatweduringtheday.A.shouldhavedoneB.wouldhavedoneC.mayhavedoneD.musthavedone,,Cmayhavedone“(不管我们白天)可能做了些什么”，符合句意。shouldhavedone“本该做(但实际未做)”;wouldhavedone表示与过去相反的假设;musthavedone是对已发生的情况作肯定推测。,,Ifyouaretocatchatrain,itisalwaysbettertobecomfortablyearlythanevenafractionofaminutelate.A.tooB.veryC.muchD.rather,,A句中toolate相当于toolatetocatchthetrain，所以选其他词不合适。,,Thestudiesshowthatthedriverwhohasconsumedanamountofalcoholwithinthelimitislikelytohaveanautomobileaccidentthanthedriverwhodoesnottakeanyalcohol.A.notsoB.notmuchC.nolessD.nomore,,Dnomore…than…“不比……更……”。此句意为：“研究表明，喝了酒但不过量的司机可能出车祸，不喝酒的司机也同样可能出车祸。”,,Ifsomeoneisdyingofcancerandbeggingtobeputoutofhisorhermisery,andsomeonegivesthatpersonadeadlydoseofmorphine,thatseemsmercifulcriminal.A.neverthelessB.otherwiseC.orelseD.ratherthan,,Dratherthan起并列作用，使merciful与criminal形成平行结构，表示对比。,,Whenwearrived,hefoundtheagedandthesickathome.A.nonebutB.noneotherthanC.nothingbutD.nootherthan,,Anonebut相当于noonebut“只有”，通常接表示人的词;nothingbut接表示物的词;noneotherthan和nootherthan两者的意思都是“(不是别的)……正是……”，与本题全句意思不。,,Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.A.asB.whileC.afterD.since,,Aas在句中是关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词是precautions，其他几个选项都不是关系代词，所以是错误的。,,MostofisonAmericantelevisionareprogramsdesignedtoappealtopeoplewhogointothesupermarketsandbuytheproductsthatareadvertisedonTV.A.whichB.thatC.whateverD.what,,Dwhat是关系代词，引导名词性从句，同时又在从句中充当一个成分，如在本句中做从句的主语，整个名词性从句做介词of的宾语;which只能引导形容词性从句;that引导名词性从句时，只是连词;whatever用在句中不通。,,Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanthusfar.A.hasgivenB.wasgivenC.beinggivenD.hasbeengiven,,D时间状语thusfar“到目前为止”，与现在完成时连用，据此排除B、C。比较从句完整的结构应该是…thanthethoughtwhichhasbeengiventhusfar，可以把than看做关系代词在从句中做主语，也可以把主语看做是省略了。,,Ofgreatsignificancethenation-widemovementistheKampucheanpeopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnamese.A.tosupportB.forsupportingC.supportingD.ofsupporting,,A题句由于主语较长，采用了倒装结构，可还原为：thenation-widemovementtosupporttheKampucheanpeopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnameseisofgreatsignificance。movement要求不定式做定语，其他选项均不符合语法规则。,,Manyfarmerscametothecity,jobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunitiesoflifeinthecity.A.lookingforB.tolookforC.havinglookedforD.lookedfor,,Alookingfor…分词短语做came的伴随状语，如果选tolookfor做目的状语的话，不该有逗号。,,Itisrequestedthatanapplicantwhoseundergraduateworkisdoneatanotherinstitutiontwocopiesofundergraduatetranscriptsanddegreesdirectlytothedeanofthegraduateschool.A.mustsendB.sendC.aretosendD.needsend,,B动词request要求其主语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词用(should+)原形表示虚拟。该句中that引导的是主语从句。,,YouherinherofficelastFriday;she’sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.needn’thaveseenB.mighthaveseenC.musthaveseenD.can’thaveseen,,Dcanthavedone表示对已发生的情况作否定推测“一定不是/没……”，根据句意只能选D。,,Afterpeoplehavelearnedthatmagnetsattractthings,centuriespassed____theytooknoteofthefactthatmagnetssometimesalsorepelthings.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.since,,Abefore应该理解成“(几百年过去了,人们)才……”;如果用after应该是…aftercenturiespassedtheytooknoteofthefact…;如果用until,应该是theydidn’ttakenoteofthefactthat…untilcenturiespassed。,,HeisofftoParisagaintomorrow.Hetellsmethat,withthisjourney,he________thereandbacktwentytimes.A.willbeB.willhavebeenC.willgoD.willhavegone,,B此句意为：“他明天去巴黎,加上这次,他就去了二十次了。”根据句意,应用将来完成时态。句中有back一词,故D不合适。,,Manywayshavebeenfound_____smallandsimplemachinetoprocesslargeandcomplicatedmachineparts.A.byusingB.touseC.usingD.used,,Btouse…,不定式短语做way的定语,只是因为定语太长,故将谓语前移,使句子避免头重脚轻。byusing表示方式,做状语用;using为动名词,不能做way的定语,way要求不定式做定语;used,无论从语法结构上还是从意义上都讲不通。,,Iwalkeddownthecorridor,myfootsteps_______frighteninglythroughtheemptydesertedbuilding.A.echoingB.echoedC.toechoD.havingechoed,,A分词短语做伴随状语,myfootsteps与echo的关系是主动的,因此用现在分词。另外,分词做伴随状语表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生,所以用其一般式。,,Apartfrompersonalpreferences,socialcontextalsoaffects—bothdirectlyandindirectly—themediaandthemediacontenttowhichyoubecomeexposed.Forexample,othermembersofthefamilyoftenselectmediacontentthatyou_____,andyoubecomeexposedtoit.A.wouldnothaveselectedB.shouldnothaveselectedC.mustnotselectD.cannothaveselected,,A本句意为:“除了个人喜好外,社会环境也会直接或间接地影响你使用的媒体和媒体的内容。例如,家庭的其他成员常常选择的媒体内容你就未必选,可是你也得使用。”句中暗含了“如果是你,你就不会选”的意思,所以用虚拟语气合适。shouldnothaveselected表示“本不应该选”;mustnotselect表示“一定不要选”;cannothaveselected表示“一定不能选”,过于绝对。只有wouldnothaveselected符合句意。,