初中英语动词不定式部分知识讲解及练习.doc

动词不定式
一. 定义：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形
三. 动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（6点）
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it + adj. / n. + to do...。如：
I find it difficult to remember everything.
4.既可接动词不定式又可接v_ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，v_ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：
1) Then I started to watch Tv.
2) I am beginning to understand my parents.
begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。
3) I like to eat vegetables.
感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或v_ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v_ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：
1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.
2)I stopped using them last year.
6. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。
如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。
(   ) 1. I often see Tom____on the playground. When I passed the playground yesterday, I saw him_____.
 A. play; playing B. to play; play C. playing; to play C. playing; play
(   ) 2. — What does the sign on the bottle mean?
  — It means “     ”.
 A. This side up B. Dangerous C. Recyclable D. No Parking
(   ) 3. When the player finished running, he was out of ______.     .
 A. breather B. breathing C. breath D. the breath
(   ) 4. — How about going hiking this weekend?
 — Sorry, I prefer       rather than      .
 A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home
 C. staying at home; go out D. going out; stay at home
(   ) 5. — We really shouldn’t use plastic bags any more when shopping.
 —       It’s important to protect our environment.
 A. So does it. B. With pleasure. C. That’s OK. D. So it is.
(   ) 6. —     
 — To the supermarket with Wang Fan.
 A. Where have you gone? B. Where did you go to the supermarket?
 C. Where have you been? D. Where’s Wang Fang?
(   ) 7. I       afraid of the dark, but now I don’t.
 A. use to B. used to C. use to be D. used to be
(   ) 8. The earth is       years old.
A. four thousands six hundreds B. four thousand six hundred
C. four thousand and six hundred million D. four thousand six hundred millions
(   ) 9. They have made so great progress      .
 A. three years ago  B. for three years
 C. in the past three years D. before three years
(   ) 10. — Has Li Hong gone to the library?
 — Pardon?
 — I asked       the library.
 A. if Li Hong had gone to B. if had Li Hong gone to
 C. Li Hong had gone to D. has Li Hong gone to
(   ) 11. — Oh, Miss Wei. Your skirt looks nice. Is it new?
 — No, I       it since three years ago.
 A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought
(   ) 12. — Must they clean and tidy the classroom now?
 — No, they      . It       after school in the afternoon.
 A. mustn’t; must clean B. needn’t; must clean
 C. mustn’t; need be cleaned 
;D. don’t have to; can be cleaned
(   ) 13. — It’s one o’clock now. I must go.
 — It’s raining outside. Don’t leave       it stops.
 A. when B. since C. while D. until
(   ) 14.       your help, we can finish the task in time.
 A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Because D. Thank
(   ) 15. We should plant more trees on       sides of the street.
 A. either B. both C. all D. each

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