初中英语动词讲解与练习.doc

动词讲解与练习
一、动词分类
1.行为动词（实义动词）。实义动词可分为及物动词（一般情况下，其后要跟宾语，意义才完整）和不及物动词（之后不能也不需要跟宾语），许多动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如：We study English.(及物) We study hard.（不及物）
2.连系动词。连系动词和表语一起连用，充当谓语。常用的连系动词是be（是），look（显得），feel（感到），turn（变成），get（变得），become（成为）。
3.助动词。助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定，疑问，简略答语等。如：Do you like oranges ?
Yes, I do. I don’t know him . Will you go to the zoo?
4.情态动词。本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，常见的情态动词有：can（could）, may（might）, must, need等。
二、动词时态
在英语中，同样一个动作，由于发生的时间不一样，所表示的形式就不一样，这就叫时态。
1、一般现在时
用法：
(1)表示经常发生，反复进行的动作，常用的时间状语有：often，usually，always，everyday，sometimes等。We have breakfast every day .
(2)表示客观真理。如：The earth turns around the sun .
(3)表示特征，状态和能力。如：It’s big .
(4)在时间状语和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。如:I will be a teacher when I grow up . They will stay at home if it rains .
构成：
(1).主语不是第三人称单数时，动词用原型。如：They often play football .
(2).主语是第三人称单数时，动词必须用第三人称单数形式，即在动词原型后面加s。She likes English .
第三人称单数一般现在式的构成，规则如下（与名词变复数同）：
（1）以元音字母结尾的一般在动词后加S：sees, comes
（2）以o, sh, ch, x字母结尾的一般在其后加es: does, catches
（3）元音字母加y结尾的，直接加s: plays, pays
（4）辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改成i再加es: fly—flies, study—studies
3.助动词do（第三人称单三用does）构成否定，疑问及答语，要注意助动词后原来的谓语动词一律恢复原型。如：He doesn’t speak English .
2．一般过去时（动词加ed）
（1）表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
The train arrived 10 minutes ago.
He was ill yesterday.
（2）表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作
When I was a student, I often played football. He often came to see last year.
（3）表示过去发生的一连串动作
He came into the room, put down his school bag and began to do his homework.
（4）在含有状语从句的复合句中表示两个过去的动作的关系
He walked as he sang a song.
规则动词过去式与过去分词的构成：
（1）一般情况在动词后加ed：worked, helped, called, wanted, needed
（2）以e结尾的动词加d：hoped, liked, agreed, changed
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先将y变为i，再加ed：carried, studied
（4）以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音的动词，双写该辅音字母后再加ed：stopped，preferred
（5）还有不规则动词，要记熟（一般附在教科书后面）
3．现在进行时（be(is/ am /are)+现在分词构成）
（1）表示在说话的时刻或现阶段正在进行或正在发生的动作
He is watching TV now.
（2）表示现在时间内动作有间断的延续活动
She is translating a novel now.
表示按计划或安排将要进行或发生的动作（限于go, come, stay, leave, start）
He is going to Shanghai tomorrow afternoon.
They are coming to see you tomorrow.
（4）表示一种尚未完结的渐变过程
The boy is dying fast. 这个男孩快要死了。
动词的现在分词构成：
（1）一般情况，加ing：going, asking
（2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing：come—coming, write-writing
（3）以y结尾的动词都直接加ing：studying, carrying, playing
（4）以辅音字母结尾的闭音节动词，双写其辅音字母后，再加ing：put—putting, cut—cutting, spit—spitting
（5）特例：die—dying，tie—tying，lie—lying
4．一般将来时（will+动词原形，(be going to)+动词原形）
（1）表示将来经常发生的动作
They will come to work in this factory every year.
From tomorrow on，he will come to teach us English once a week.
（2）表示预见
He will come back soon. It is going to rain soon.
（3）表示意图
I will write to him tomorrow. I will do it right now.
（4）在疑问句中表示征询对方意见
Will you come with me?
（5）表示按计划安排即将发生的动作
He is going to Nanjing tomorrow.
（6）表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事态,用于条件状语从句中.
If he comes tomorrow, I will tell him about it.
三、练习题
A.用所给词的适当形式填空
1 They ________ (visit) the museum last week.
2. She ________ (go)to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.
3. John is always busy. He ________ (sleep) only six hours very night.
4. Stay here; boy; don't go out. It ________ (rain) now.
5. She often ________ (do) her lessons after supper.
6. Hurry up! The train ________ (leave) in five minutes.
7. They ________ (arrive) in London on the night of April 30, 1989.
8. All the students ________ (plant) trees tomorrow.
9. The earth ________ (move) around the sun.
10. My brother likes English very much, and he ________ (practice) reading every morning.
11. I usually ________ (do) my homework in the evening.
12. If it _____ (not rain) tomorrow, the League members of class ______ (plant) trees around the lake?
13. I ________ (finish) my homework by half past eight last night.
14. I don't know if he ________ (come). If he ________ (come), please let me know.
15. He ________ (join) the army a few years ago.
16. I'll tell him the news as soon as he ________ (come) back.
17. He said that they ________ (clean) the classroom the next day.
18. We often ________ (have) an English party on Saturday evenings.
19. Look! The Yong Pioneers ________ (pant) trees on the hill.
20. He said that light ________ (ravel) much faster than sound.
B.单项选择
( ) 21. I’ll go with you as soon as I my homework.
A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finishes
( ) 22. If it tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema.
A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rain
( ) 23. She is going to be a nurse when she up.
A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grow
( ) 24. My father usually breakfast.
A. cook B. cooks C. is cooking D. is cooked
( )25. The twins Chinese in an evening school now.
A. is studying B. are studying C. studies D. have studied
( ) 26. We to learn English three years ago.
A. begin B. began C. begun D. have begun
( ) 27. Look! There _________ some apples in that tree.
A. is        B. was       C. are        D. were
( ) 28．We'll have to clean the plates before Mother _________ home.
A. will come     B. is coming      C. come    D. comes
( ) 29. There will not be any paper money ________ 100 years.
A. for B. in C. ago D. at
( ) 30. There ________ a ball game next Sunday.
A. have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
C.句型转换
31.Li Lei reads English every day.（改为否定句）

32.He is a farmer .（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

33.We clean our classroom every morning .（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)

34.They often play soccer.（对划线部分提问）

35. l’m living in Guangzhou now.（用in three years改写句子）
I ____________ ___________ in Guangzhou __________ three years.
36. I think you should clean your bedroom first. （改为否定句）
I __________ think you __________ clean your bedroom first.
37.He has some money, too.（改为否定句）
He ___________ ________ _________ money, .
38.He didn’t finish his work .（改为肯定句）

39.The boy is reading .（改为否定句）

40.He will be back in a month .（改为否定句）