初中英语语法之介词.docx

初中英语语法之介词
介词
考点一：时间介词
1. at, on, in
at 常用在具体的钟点之前；on常用在星期、具体的日期以及某天的上午、下午、晚上前；in常用在年、月、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。
2. in, after
in和after都可表示“在一段时间以后”，但in常与一般将来时连用，而after常与一般过去时连用，也可用于一般将来时。
3. for, since
for后跟时间段，since后跟时间点，均可与现在完成时连用。
4. during, through

during表示“在……期间”；through表示“从头到尾”。

【考例链接】 单项选择

( )1.—When will the movie The Lion King (《狮 子 王》) return to movie theatres in America?

—_______ July.

A. On

B. At

C. In

( )2.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races _______ 9: 00 a. m. _______ the morning of June 7.

A. at, in

B. on, on

C. on, in

D. at, on

( )3.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public _______ 29th April. It will last over five months.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. of

( )4.Xinhua Zidian, or the New Chinese Dictionary, was first published _______ 1953.

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. for

( )5.—Thanks to our government, we can have a new library next week.

—That’s great! And we will read books there _______ a month.

A. before

B. in

C. by

D. until

( )6.—It is said that children in South Korea have to hike and walk through mountains at night _______ their military (军事的) training.

—Really? So their training is much harder than ours.

A. after

B. since

C. during

D. before

( )7.—How cool the bike is! Is it yours?

—Yes, I have had it _______ two months.

A. for

B. in

C. after

D. since

( )8.The children are too young to sit _______ a concert.

A. in

B. for

C. after

D. through

考点二：地点介词

1. at, in, from

at和in指在某处，at后通常接相对较小的地点， in后通常接相对较大的地点；from指来自某处。

2. on, over, above, under, below

on是指“在……的上面并与表面接触”；over常表示恰好的垂直关系，或者含有空间上接近的含义；above只是笼统地表示“高于”，不与……相接触；under表示“在……垂直方向的下面但不与表面接触”；below笼统指“在……之下”。故 over与under互为反义词；above与below互为反义词。

3. across, through

across和through都有“从一边到另一边”的意思。across主要指“(从某物的表面上) 横过”；through主要指“(从某物的空间内)穿过”。

4. between, among, of

between表示“在两者之间”，可构成 between ... and ...短语；among表示“在三者或三者以上之间；……之一”；of表示范围，“在……中”。

5. in front of, in the front of, behind, at the back of

in front of / behind 表示在某一空间外部范围的前面或后面；in the front of / at the back of表示在某一空间内部范围的前面或后面。

6. by / near / beside 在……旁边，along 沿着，around 在……周围

【考例链接】

Ⅰ. 单项选择

( )1.—Shall I help you _______ the street, Grandpa?

—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.

A. on

B. with

C. across

D. along

( )2.The high-speed train _______ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.

A. from

B. among

C. in

D. between

( )3.The bright sunlight comes into the room _______ the window.

A. through

B. across

C. past

( )4.Let’s take a walk _______ the river after dinner, shall we?

A. along

B. through

C. upon

D. over

( )5.Look! A boy is drawing _______ the bridge which is _______ the river.

A. over; on

B. over; above

C. on; over

Ⅱ. 写出所缺单词或短语

1.Turn back and you will see me standing b you. (2020 海南)

2.Flying in the sky, we can see the fascinating city _______(在……下面). (2020 山东青岛)

3.Bob grew up in a village _______(在……旁边) a river, so he can swim very well.

4.Tom sat _____________(在……的前部) the bus while his sister sat _____________(在……的后部) the bus.

5.—Is Boris _______(来自) a European country?

—Yes. He is German.

考点三：方式介词

by, through, in, with

by和through 都表示“通过……方式 / 方法”；in表示“使用(某种语言)或以某种方式安排事情”；with表示“用(身体部位或某种具体的工具)，使用”。

【考例链接】 单项选择

( )1.This story is _______ simple English. My little sister can read it.

A. for

B. in

C. with

D. by

( )2.You can improve your English _______ listening to English songs.

A. by

B. with

C. for

D. in

( )3.Students here often do physics experiments _______ small groups.

A. by

B. in

C. for

D. at

考点四：其他介词

1. including, besides, except

including 包含，包括

besides 除了……之外(还有)

except 除了……之外(不包括)

2. with, without

with和……在一起；具有(品质、特征等)；带有；随着

without 没有

3. for, against, behind

for 支持 against反对

behind支持，赞成，做……的后盾

注意：for 还可以表示价格和目的；against还可以表示“倚，靠，碰，撞”。

4. for, to

一些动词可带双宾语，当先说直接宾语(表物)时，间接宾语(表人)前可以用 for，也可以用 to。与for搭配的有 buy / make / cook / order / choose / provide等；与to搭配的有give / send / lend / pass / tell / show / offer / hand / throw等。

5. for, of

可用于句型“It is+adj.+ for / of sb. to do sth.”中。for sb.中的sb.是动词不定式的逻辑主语，如It is dangerous for an old man to run fast. = For an old man, to run fast is dangerous.当作表语的形容词能修饰人时，才用of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，这类形容词有kind, nice, good, careful, careless, crazy, foolish, wise, rude, impolite, brave等，如It is kind of you to help us. = You are kind to help us.

【考例链接】 单项选择

( )1.I think tea will taste better _______ some milk in it.

A. for

B. with

C. from

D. at

( )2.Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _______ the windows.

A. against

B. across

C. above

D. below

( )3.It’s very important _______ us to make a plan before a new term begins.

A. of

B. with

C. by

D. for

( )4.I want to learn a second foreign language _______ English.

A. except

B. beside

C. besides

D. except for

( )5.In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _______ about 570 million children.

A. with

B. for

C. towards

( )6.To my great joy, my family is always _______ me whatever I decide to do.

A. behind

B. to

C. from

D. against

考点五：固定搭配

介词在实际使用中常常与其他词构成固定搭配，需要大家随时积累并熟记。

【考例链接】 完成句子

1.我爸爸此刻还在工作。

My father is still _______ _______ at the moment.

2.“怎么啦?”他惊讶地问。

“What happened?” he asked _______ _______.

3.这位老师对学生很有一套。

The teacher is very _______ _______ students.

4.别灰心，生活充满了惊喜和希望。

Don’t lose heart. Life is _______ _______ surprise and hope.

5.这群年轻人对知识充满渴望。

This group of young men __________________ knowledge.

6.我们必须及时上交作业。

We must _______ _______ our homework in time.

7.面对困难时如果你不放弃，你就应该为自己感到骄傲。

If you never give up when in trouble, you should be _______ _______ yourself.

8.这首歌听起来很甜美，使我想起美好的童年。

This song sounds sweet that it _______ me _______ my wonderful childhood.

参考答案
考点一： 1-5 CDCBB 6-8 CAD
考点二：
Ⅰ. 1-5 CDAAC
Ⅱ. 1. behind 2. below 3. near / by / beside
4. in the front of; at the back of 5. from
考点三： 1-3 BAB
考点四： 1-6 BADCBA
考点五：
1. at work 2. in surprise 3. good with
4. filled with / full of 5. are thirsty for 6. hand in
7. proud of 8. reminds; of