初中英语语法之冠词、 数词.docx

初中英语语法之冠词、 数词
冠词、 数词
冠 词
考点一：不定冠词a，an的用法
a常用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an常用于以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
1. “a / an +单数名词”泛指一类人或物。
2. 表示数量，含有“一”的意思。
3. 用于序数词前表示“又一；再一”。
4. 用于一些固定短语中，如all of a sudden, a quarter past / to ..., as a result, for a while, give sb. a hand / lift, half an hour, have a fever / picnic / rest / point, have a fun / good / wonderful time, in a minute / row / word, make a difference, make an effort等。
考点二：定冠词the的用法
1. “the+单数名词”泛指一类人或物。
2. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物。
3. 特指上文提到的人或物。
4. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。
5. 用于乐器名词之前。
6. 用于序数词、形容词最高级前。
7. “the+形容词”表示一类人。
8. 用于表示姓氏名词的复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。
9. 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物、某些专有名词(如the Great Wall, the United Nations)及方位的名词前。
10. 用于一些固定短语中，如at the age of, at the moment, at the same time, by the way, get in the way of, go to the cinema, in the end, on the right / left, on the phone, on the other hand等。
考点三：零冠词的用法
1. “零冠词+复数可数名词”泛指一类人或物。
“零冠词+抽象名词”表示一般的抽象概念。
2. 月份、季节、星期、三餐、学科、球类运动、棋类名词前通常用零冠词。
3. 表称呼、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语时前用零冠词。
4. 一些固定短语中一般不加冠词，如at home, at noon, by bike / bus / car, face to face, from head to foot, from right to left, go to bed, hand in hand, in danger, in history, in line with, in town, in trouble, on duty, take pride in等。
考点四：有无冠词的短语的区别
in front of 在……(外部)的前面
in the front of 在……(内部)的前面
sit at table 吃饭sit at the table 坐在桌旁
by day 在白天by the day 按天计算
in class在上课 in the class在班里
success成功
a success 一个成功的人或一件成功的事
go to school去上学go to a school去一个学校
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1._______ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.
A. The
B. A
C. An
D. /
( )2.—Who is _______ woman in red?
—She’s our chemistry teacher, Miss Li.
A. a
B. an
C. the
( )3.China is _______ Asian country while England is _______ European country.
A. an; an
B. a; a
C. an; a
D. a; an
( )4.Bill bought _______ useful book. _______ book is very interesting.
A. a; The
B. a; A
C. an; The
D. an; A
( )5.Lily practices playing _______ piano after school every day.
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
( )6.We often have three meals _______ day. And we usually have _______ breakfast at 8: 00 every morning.
A. a, the
B. a, a
C. a, /
D. /, the
( )7.I am going to have _______ picnic on _______ Sunday.
A. the; an
B. an; the
C. a; 不填
D. an; 不填
( )8.This year is _______ 70th anniversary (周年) of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
A. a
B. an
C. the
( )9.Let’s play _______ volleyball.
A. /
B. the
C. a
( )10.One of his daughters became _______ English teacher last August.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
( )11.Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in _______ east of China.
A. an
B. /
C. the
D. a
( )12.We can’t see _______ sun at night.
A. a
B. an
C. the
( )13.—Judy, how was _______ camping?
—The other campers were nice, and we had _______ fun time together.
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. the; the
D. the; a
( )14.Beijing is _______ capital of China. It has _______ long history.
A. the; an
B. a; a
C. the; a
D. the; /
( )15.If you want to take _______ short ride in the city, choose _______ shared bike.
A. a;
/B. the; the
C. a; a
D. /; a
( )16.Our National Day is on _______ first day in _______ October.
A. a; the
B. the; a
C. the; 不填
D. a; 不填
( )17.We usually go swimming in _______ summer. But in _______ summer of 2018, we didn’t.
A. /; /
B. a; a
C. /; the
D. a; /
Ⅱ. 在横线上填入适当的冠词，如不需冠词，则填入“/”
1.Kevin is _______ tallest boy in _______ class.
2.Her latest book discusses the problems of _______ disabled.
3.He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in _______ danger.
4.He was made _______ president of that country.
5.She said she and her friend arrived at the cinema at _______ same time.

数 词

考点一：基数词
1. 基数词可以表示编号、钟点、年龄、日期、年份等。“in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式”表示“某人……多岁”。
2. 当基数词 hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词修饰时，用单数形式；但当它们表示不确切的数量时，用复数形式，并且与of 连用。
考点二：序数词
1. 序数词前一般要加定冠词the。
2. 序数词前有时用不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一；再一”。
3. 序数词前有名词所有格、形容词性物主代词等限定时，通常不用冠词。
考点三：分数
1. 分数由基数词和序数词构成。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1 时，分母要用序数词的复数形式。
2. 1/2常用one / a half表示，1/4常用one / a quarter表示，3/4常用three quarters表示。
3. 当分数用于复数可数名词或代词(指代复数可数名词)前作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；当分数用于不可数名词或代词(指代不可数名词)前作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.There are _______ people in Dale’s family. They live on the _______ floor.
A. five; nine
B. fifth; nine
C. five; ninth
D. fifth; ninth
( )2.Please pass me _______ book on the right.
A. four
B. fourth
C. the four
D. the fourth
( )3.We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her _______ birthday.
A. seventy
B. the seventy
C. the seventieth
D. seventieth
( )4.Every year, _______ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.
A. thousand
B. thousands of
C. thousand of
( )5._______ of the students in our class _______ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths, is
B. Second fifths, are
C. Second fifths, is
D. Two fifths, are
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.When you visit New York, don’t miss Broadway. It has been famous for its theaters since the early _______ century. (twenty)
2.Uncle Andy tried _______ different jobs, and finally chose to be a lawyer. (tenth)
3.It’s never too old to learn. Karl Max began to learn Russian in his _______(fifty).
4.After the Great Wall Station, Zhongshan, Kunlun and Taishan, China is now building its _______ research station in Antarctica (南极洲). (five)

参考答案
冠词
考点一、考点二、考点三、考点四：
Ⅰ. 1-5 ACCAD 6-10 CCCAB 11-15 CCDCC
16-17 CC
Ⅱ. 1. the; the 2. the 3. / 4. / 5. the
数词
考点一、考点二、考点三：
Ⅰ. 1-5 CDDBD
Ⅱ. 1. twentieth 2. ten 3. fifties 4. fifth