2021届高考英语二轮复习-备考小题提升精练3-词性转化及词性变化.docx

2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考小题提升精练3 词性转化及词性变化2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考小题提升精练3 词性转化及词性变化年级：姓名：词性转化及词性变化小题必练3：词性转化及词性变化常考考点：形容词副词widewidely形容词形容词比较级/最高级widewider/widest形容词名词widewidth形容词动词widewiden动词名词instructinstruction(s)特殊变性happyhappily，simplesimplytruetruly，arrangearrangementjudgejudgment1.（2020浙江卷1月）This is (particular) true in the US.【答案】particularly【解析】考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。2.（2020全国II卷）The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.【答案】beautiful【解析】考查形容词。根据The _ long branches，可判断此处为形容词修饰名词branches，故填beautiful。3.（2020山东卷）Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。根据空格前的形容词Historical与空格后的系动词is，判断此处需用名词形式，故填accuracy。 4.（2020全国I卷）Landing on the moons far side is (extreme) challenging. 【答案】extremely【解析】考查形容词。根据句子成分分析可知此处需要用副词修饰形容词challenging，故填extremely。5.（2019全国II卷）Her years of hard work have _(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为最终得以认可，故填finally。6.（2019全国卷I）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为研究很少。故填poorly。7.（2019浙江卷）Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.【答案】connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和在学校的表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。8.（2019浙江卷）School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.【答案】traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。【技巧点拨】当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：（1）作主语或宾语用名词形式；（2）作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；（3）修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。注意：1.有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺；2.当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。一、词性转化填空1. More and more people were gathering there. He _(shoulder) his way through the crowdand rushed into the burning house.2. No one _(nose) the danger before the earthquake.3. The car couldnt move forward and _(back) through the gate.4. When I entered his room, I saw him _(paper) the wall.5. He often _(oil) the machine to make sure it can perform smoothly.6. Mum _(nurse) me for three weeks after I had my leg broken in a football match.7. He used to _(brother) me and gave me a lot of help.8. The museum _(house) a collection of famous paintings.9. The dog _(mouth) a piece of meat from the butchers and ran away quickly.10. It was this little girl who _(finger) the thief yesterday.【答案】1. shouldered2. nosed3. backed4. papering5. oils6. has nursed7. brother8. houses9. mouthed10. fingered【解析】1.考查构词法。句意：越来越多的人在那里聚集。他用肩膀挤着穿过人群，冲进着火的房子。shoulder在此处为动词，意为：用肩膀推开，挤；shoulder ones way through意为用肩膀挤着穿过去。根据空前一句中的were以及后面的rushed可知，用一般过去时。故填shouldered。2.考查构词法。句意：地震前，没有人察觉到危险。此句中的nose作动词，意为嗅到，察觉到，根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填nosed。3.考查构词法。句意：车不能向前开了，就从大门倒了出去。back由名词转化为动词，意为后退；根据前半句couldnt可知表示过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填backed。4.考查构词法。句意：当我进入他的房间时，我看到他正在用纸糊墙。paper由名词转化为动词，意为用墙纸裱糊（墙壁）。see sb. doing.：看见某人正在做，用doing作宾语补足语。故填papering。5.考查构词法。句意：他经常给机器上油润滑以确保机器能够平稳地运转。oil由名词转化为动词，意为给用油润滑。根据often可知用一般现在时，表示经常发生的情况。故填oils。6.考查构词法。句意：我在一场足球比赛中摔断腿后，母亲护理了我三个星期。nurse由名词转化为动词，意为护理，看护；根据时间状语 for three weeks可知用现在完成时，故填has nursed。7.考查构词法。句意：他过去视我为兄弟，并给予了我很多帮助。brother名词转化为动词，意为：兄弟般地对待，视为兄弟。used to do.“过去常常做”，后接动词原形，故填brother。8.考查构词法。句意：这个博物馆收藏了一批名画藏品。此句中house用作动词，意为：收藏、容纳，把储藏在房内。根据语境用一般现在时表示客观事实。故填houses。9.考查构词法。句意：那只狗从肉店衔了一块肉就迅速跑开了。此处mouth动词，意为：把放入嘴内，根据后半句ran away可知用一般过去时。故填mouthed。10.考查构词法。句意：昨天是这个小女孩告发了这个小偷。finger在此用作动词，意为：向警方告发；此句为强调句型，根据yesterday判断用一般过去时。故填fingered。二、语法填空Passage 1I have a warm story to share with you. A school in San Francisco not only accepted a deaf student, but also 1 (teach) the entire class sign language to allow them to better communicate with him.The moving story began in September last year 2 a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood 3 (accept）her six-year-old son, James, who has a hearing 4(disable).The teacher, Lily, agreed almost immediately, 5 on the first day of school, she noticed James 6(sit）all by himself, unable to communicate with any of his classmates.Lily, 7 (determine) to find a way out, tried developing a few signs of her own. But a parent of another child came up 8 an even better idea getting the whole class to learn sign language along with James. So they got a sign language teacher on board, and three months later, James was able to communicate 9 (happy) with all his classmates about regular things like homework and 10 (game).【答案】1. taught2. when3. to accept4. disability5. but6. sitting7. determined8. with9. happily10. games【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个感人的故事：一个失聪儿童得到了老师和同学的帮助，大家使用手语进行交流。1.考查时态。句意：旧金山的一所聋哑学校不仅接收了一个聋哑学生，而且还教全班同学手语，让他们更好地交流。not only.but also.连接并列的成分，前一个分句用一般过去时，后一个分句也应用一般过去时，故填taught。2.考查定语从句。句意：这个感人的故事开始于去年9月，当时一名妇女请求她所在社区的一所小学接收她6岁的儿子James。先行词为September last year，指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。3.考查不定式。ask sb. to do sth表示请求某人做某事，故填to accept。4.考查名词。句意：她6岁的儿子James有听力障碍。此处用名词作宾语，故填disability。5.考查连词。句意：Lily老师一口就答应了，但是开学第一天她注意到一个问题，James总是一个人坐在那儿，不与任何人交流。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。6.考查非谓语动词。notice sb. doing sth.：注意到某人正在做某事，此处表示老师注意到James总是一个人坐在那儿，故填sitting。7.考查形容词。句意：Lily老师决心找到一个解决办法。be determined to do sth.：决心做某事，此处是形容词短语作状语，故填determined。8.考查固定短语。句意：但另一个孩子的家长想出了一个更好的主意，那就是让全班同学和James一起学习手语。come up with表示想出（主意等），故填with。9.考查副词。句意：三个月后，James能够愉快地和同学们交流像家庭作业和游戏这样常规的事情。修饰动词communicate用副词，故填happily。10.考查名词。game作“游戏”讲时是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填games。Passage 2Most of us have recently experienced quarantine(隔离) to minimize the risk of meeting somebody who may be carrying the virus. It is certain 11 being under quarantine is no fun. However, with our access to food, 12(deliver) services and the entertainment13 (offer) by the internet, were actually very lucky. Lets take a quick look at the history of quarantines.The idea of quarantining sick people dates 14 ancient times. Yet the word “quarantine” first came into use in the 14th century Europe during the Black Death. People were dropping like flies from the mysterious disease, and as the death toll climbed into the millions eventually killing15 (approximate) half of the European population, cities began to take16(measure) to protect their citizens. The port city of Venice, Italy, was an important trading center with ships 17 (come) from all corners of the Earth every day. If a ship18 (suspect) to be harboring the plague(瘟疫), it was sent to 19 offshore quarantine and ordered to wait there for 40 days when those abroad either recovered, or20 (likely), died. The waiting period gave rise to the term quarantinario, from the Italian word for 40.【答案】11. that12. delivery13. offered14. from15. approximately16. measures17. coming18. was suspected19. an70. more likely【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了隔离感染病毒的人的想法是如何产生的，它源于14世纪欧洲的黑死病，为保护人们的生命，城市采取了隔离措施。11.考查主语从句的连接词。句意：可以肯定的是，隔离是没有乐趣的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，it是形式主语，从句中语意和成分都是完整的，应使用that引导主语从句。故填that。12.考查名词。句意：但是，幸运的是，我们可以通过互联网订购食物，还可以享受互联网提供的送货服务和娱乐服务。deliver的名词作定语修饰services，意为送货服务，它是不可数名词，不需要变复数。故填delivery。13.考查过去分词。offer在句子中不是谓语动词，entertainment承受offer的动作，因此offer使用过去分词。此处为“with+名词+过去分词”的结构。故填offered。14.考查固定短语。句意：隔离病人的想法可以追溯到远古时代。date from是固定短语，意为追溯到。故填from。15.考查副词。句意：人们在这种神秘疾病中像苍蝇一样死去，死亡人数攀升至数百万，最终造成约一半欧洲人口丧生，城市开始采取措施保护其公民。approximate的副词在句子中作状语修饰killing。故填approximately。16.考查名词的数。take measures是固定短语，意为采取措施，measure（措施）是可数名词。故填measures。17.考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利的港口城市威尼斯是重要的贸易中心，每天都有来自地球各个角落的船只。此处为“with+名词+现在分词”的结构，ships发出come的动作，因此come应该使用现在分词的形式。故填coming。18.考查时态和语态。句意：如果怀疑有船感染了瘟疫，则将其送到离岸隔离区，并下令在那里等待40天，以等待其康复或死亡。本句描述的是过去的事情，从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时，主语a ship为单数意义，动词使用单数形式并且主语承受suspect的动作，因此suspect还要使用被动语态。故填was suspected。19.考查冠词。此处表示泛指一个离岸隔离区，offshore是以元音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词an。故填an。20.考查副词的比较级。either和or连接的词语recovered和died具有相反的意义，感染瘟疫的人是很可能死去的，此处使用比较级表示死亡的可能性之大。故填more likely。