中考英语阅读主旨大意题解题技巧.doc

中考英语阅读主旨大意题解题技巧
命题形式主要有：
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：
The text is mainly about ____.
The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is ______.
What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last/xx paragraph?
What would be the best title /headline for the text?
This article mainly tells about the story of ____.
What is the topic of the text?
The subject discussed in this text is ____.
What does the second paragraph discuss?
The paragraph (passage) deals with _____.
What is mainly discussed in the text?
解题技巧。
1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。
2.再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。
3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。
4、这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做
一、 文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。
主题呈现的方式：
1． 开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？
A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B.Opinions about competition are different among people.
C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.
2． 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
题目：What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. Keep away from the Internet.
B. Surf the net.
C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.
D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.
3．首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
题目：The passage is mainly about .
A. How to Play Lacrosse
B. Lacrosse in Canada
C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
4．抛砖引玉式：文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful？
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats (栖息地). …
Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty….
…
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
题目： What does the author try to argue in the passage？
A.Zoos are not worth the public support.
B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.
C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.
D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
5．藏龙卧虎式：即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。
Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
题目：The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. where handshaking was first practiced
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
二、选择最好的标题——选帽原则：像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。
He wishes the holiday season would end already. His back aches, his red suit feels like a spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …
The questions from children these days are harder than ever. Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable. For example, “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？”
Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)…
题：What would be the best title for the passage？
A．Christmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas
B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive？
C．A Christmas Story
D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children？

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception（感知） of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses（假设）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
56. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.
A. the visitors to his office B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness D. the things he has bought online
57. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.
A. adults should develop social skills B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults D. monkeys have social relationships
58. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.
A. evaluate someone’s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
59. We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
60. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions
主旨题不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题，要注意
1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。
要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。
2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。

因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的。
3、注意绝对化的词。
如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。
4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。
尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。
5、“傻瓜”原则。
文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。