外墙保温材料调研报告及建设可行性-方案书.doc

of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food. If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.   SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen’s jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I. There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s house in London. Oh, she had so mush to tell her friends! The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. The last day she visited karl Marx’s statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country. The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. “Perhaps I will see the Queen?” she wondered as she fell asleep.  Unit 3  FIRST IMPRESSIONS Spacemail: liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceS 15/11/3008(Earthtime) Dear Mum and Dad, I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008 . Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule. I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find? At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “It’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and flowing him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him. Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved –it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.  More news later from your loving son, Li Qing    I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS My first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide(G) showed us around along a moveable path. G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we? During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughjtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on. G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right?(We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soul” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it? I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on. G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programmer robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth. My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future. Unit 4   MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT “unforgettable”, says new journalist Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to

建 筑 保 温 材 料

市场调研报告

辽宁冠隆建设集团
（企管部）

2011年9月

目录
第一章 绪论 ........................................... 3

第二章 保温材料的必要性 ............................... 3

第三章 保温材料市场现状 ............................... 5

第四章 产品及技术分析 ................................. 7

第五章 岩棉板的发展趋势............................. 21

第六章 岩棉板成本和投资估算分析 ....................... 25

第七章 岩棉板的生产技术分析 ........................... 30

第八章 EPS笨板的生产技术及成本分析 .................... 37

第九章 其它保温材料的市场发展趋势 ..................... 42

第十章 结论 ........................................... 44

绪论
保温材料是导热系数小于或等于0.2 W/(m·K)的材料。在市场经济高效运转的今天，保温材料及各类建筑材料市场纷纭复杂、参差不齐。目前，就国内市场来看，常用的节能保温材料可分为无机和有机两种。无机保温材料产品的特点是防火、阻燃性强、无毒、节能环保、安全性高但导热性相对较高；有机保温材料产品的特点是导热性较低、轻质、具有憎水性等。 
辽宁冠隆建设集团公司作为于洪区国有企业，根据区政府总体要求和集团未来发展需要，有意涉足节能保温材料领域。近日，集团企管部对沈阳市内及周边城市的几家外墙保温材料的生产企业进行了实地走访，对其生产规模、产品用料、工艺流程等进行调研，现将有关情况报告如下：
一、保温材料的必要性
外墙外保温体系市场刚刚起步，标准尚不健全，市场竞争也日益激烈，因此目前还存在保温材料产品质量不高、产品不配套、不完善等问题。就保温材料而言，外保温系统的耐久性和防火性是目前外墙外保温技术亟待解决的两大问题。 
     一个好的外保温系统，应具备良好的保温隔热性能、长久的使用寿命、良好的承载性和防火性。构成外保温系统的材料要互相配套，保温材料导热系数要低，体系的抗裂、防火、拒水、透气、黏结性能、耐候性、耐久性、抗震和抗风压能力则要求尽可能的高。要根据节约能源、节约成本、保护环境和可持续发展的战略原则，采取有机和无机保温材料相结合的方式，开发生产优质高效的负荷保温材料和复合系统，特别是以工业固体废弃物为主的复合型优质高效保温隔热材料及无机保温砂浆、岩棉保温、玻璃棉保温等，进一步发展和推广应用具有保温、隔热、防火、耐老化、吸湿性小、导热系数低、质地轻、坚固耐用等优点的复合保温墙板或墙体。有机保温材料市场在一段时间内仍然很广阔，可加强对现有有机保温材料的改型研究，提高其耐火等级。要发展与外保温配套的功能性产品，满足不同气候区的节能和装饰要求，积极开展保温材料系统耐久性研究工作。
建筑节能是执行国家环境保护和节约能源政策的主要内容。国家建设部在1995年颁布了《城市建筑节能实施细则》等文件，把《民用建筑节能设计标准〈采暖居住建筑部分〉》JGJ26-95列为强制性标准，同时建设部又于2000年10月1日发布了第76号令《民用建筑节能管理规定》，对不符合节能标准的项目，不得批准建设。
在这样一系列的节能政策、法规、标准和强制性条文的指导下，我国住宅建设的节能工作不断深入，节能标准不断提高，引进开发了许多新型的节能技术和材料，在住宅建筑中大力推广使用。但我国目前的建筑节能水平，还远低于发达国家，我国建筑单位面积能耗仍是气候相近的发达国家的3倍－5倍。北方寒冷地区的建筑采暖能耗已占当地全社会能耗的20%以上，且绝大部分都是采用火力发电和燃煤锅炉，同时给环境带来严重的污染。所以建筑节能还是本世纪我国建筑业的一个重要的课题。
从总体的趋势看，我国经历了外墙内保温和夹心保温外向墙，建筑节能逐步向外墙保温过渡，完善外墙保温成套技术。市场空间很大，发展前景看好。新型墙体材料是实现建筑节能最重要的基础材料。国家发改委透露，从全国来看，现在墙体材料总量应该在8500-9000亿块标准砖左右，其中实心黏土砖约为4500块，比例下降了很多。国家提倡建筑材料节能，建设部提出新建建筑要实现节能65%。在中国430多亿平方米的建筑中，99%属于高能建筑。
2009我国建筑节能政策《建筑节能三年规划》积极制定，住房和城乡建设部同国家发展和改革委员会、财政部等部门制定《建筑节能三年规划》，同时，研究制定更加有效的激励政策支持建筑节能，加大城镇供热改革的力度，适当扩大强制性标准的范围，提高建筑节能标准的约束力。中国是建筑业大国，建筑耗能已成为中国能源消耗的三大耗能大户之一。我国建材及建筑的能耗占能源总消耗的47.3%，建筑的单位面积采暖能耗是国际上气候条件相近的发达国家的2-3倍。近几年，我国的建筑节能取得了突破性的进展。目前全国城镇已累计建成节能建筑面积28.5亿m2，占城镇既有建筑总量的16.1%。在大力倡导节能的过程中，保温材料在其中扮演着重要的角色，而从当前的市场情况来看，建筑保温材料市场规模短期内将缩小，但长期来看依然散发着浓浓暖意。建筑保温材料行业将受到国家政策的大力扶持，具有广阔的发展空间。

二、保温材料市场现状
1980年以前，我国保温材料的发展十分缓慢，为数不多的保温材料厂只能生产少量的膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、矿渣棉、超细玻璃棉、微孔硅酸钙等产品，矿棉厂很少，生产能力不足万吨，散棉、硅酸钙绝热材料也只有3家，年产8000立方米，产品数量、质量都满足不了要求。
经过30多年的努力，目前国内现有保温材料生产企业近千家，产品有十几大类、上百个品种，适应温度范围从-196摄氏度到1000摄氏度，技术、装备水平也有了显著提高。工业保温材料行业逐渐形成了产业聚集，浙江、上海、广东、山东等地区成为我国最大的工业保温材料生产区域，这些地区总体实力比较强，拥有一批管理经营水平较高，有一定品牌知名度的规模较大的企业。经过近30年的高速发展，不少产品从无到有，从单一到多样化，质量从低到高，已形成以膨胀珍珠岩、矿物棉、玻璃棉、泡沫塑料、耐火纤维、硅酸钙绝热制品等为主的品种比较齐全的产业。
近年来，我国的保温材料行业出现了迅猛发展的趋势。2003年到2008年，中国保温材料总产量年平均增长率超过15%，其中2007年和2008年年产量平均增长率超过20%。2008年中国保温材料行业虽然受到能源短缺、原材料价格上涨等负面因素的影响，但依然保持了超过16%的增幅。据统计，2009年中国包括玻璃棉、岩棉、EPS、XPS、聚氨酯以及酚醛泡沫在内的六种主要保温材料总消耗量超过300万吨，实际销售收入近350亿元。2010年，伴随着保温工程的日益增多，工业保温材料、设备生产行业的发展也将必将迎来一个新的高潮
从2004年开始，沈阳市建筑业产值平均每年以27%的速度增长。2008年建筑业产值533亿元，2010年建筑业产值1050亿元。2010年4月6日，国务院批准设立的沈阳为中心8省辖市的沈阳经济区为“国家新工业综合配套改革试验区”实行“城市、市场、经济一体化”必将进一步促进东北建筑业的发展，必将给保温材料行业带来巨大的市场需求。
当前国内以及沈阳市场建筑保温材料主要分为A级和B级。B级中主要包括苯板、挤塑板、酚醛保温板.A级防火保温材料包括泡沫玻璃板、岩矿棉板、玻璃棉板、微孔硅酸钙、膨胀珍珠岩制品、玻化微珠制品、膨胀蛭石制品、加气混凝土板及砌块、轻集料发泡混凝土保温板及砌块、各种无机保温粉料、无机保温浆料等。下列图表是针对沈阳市比较普遍的外墙保温材料做一调研：

三、产品及技术分析
A级保温材料：
（一） 泡沫玻璃板
产品概述：泡沫玻璃的施工工艺是由碎玻璃、发泡剂、改性添加剂和发泡促进剂等，经过细粉碎和均匀混合，再经过高温熔化发泡、退火而制成的无机非金属玻璃材料。  
产品特性：  
（1）容重轻,在150kg/m3左右;
（2）导热系数小,在0.060  W/m.k(38℃)以下，导热性能稳定;
（3）不透湿;  A级防水保温泡沫玻璃板
（4）吸水率小,0.2%左右;
（5）不燃烧;
（6）不霉变、腐蚀、不受鼠咬;
（7）强度高,抗压强度≥0.7MPa,抗折强度≥0.5Mpa;  
（8）能耐酸性腐蚀(氟化氢除外);
（9）本身无毒,不含CFC(氟氯化炭)和HCFC(氢氟氯酸);
（10）物理化学性能稳定,尺寸稳定。
应用范围：  
　　泡沫玻璃可广泛用于民用建筑外墙和屋顶的绝热保温。由于泡沫玻璃质轻、防火、防水、无污染、不燃烧、寿命长（与建筑同样长寿命）等特点，加之人类对生存环境保护要求越来越高，泡沫玻璃是民用建筑理想的高级墙体绝热材料和屋面绝热材料。
　　泡沫玻璃既是保冷材料又是保温材料，能适应深冷到较高温度范围等特点。同时它的重要价值不仅在于长年使用不会变质，而且本身又起到防火、防震作用。在低温深冷、地下工程、易燃易爆、潮湿以及化学侵蚀苛刻环境下使用时，不但安全可靠，而且经久耐用，被誉为“不须更换的永久性隔热材料”。所以被广泛应用于石油、化工、地下工程、造船、国防军工的隔热保温保冷和烟道内衬防腐工程。
泡沫玻璃物理性质  
项目    计量单位   数值（标准/实测）    项目   计量单位    数值（标准/实测）
密度      Kg/m3     ≤160/147   
抗压强度     Mpa     ≥0.3/0.8
导热系数      (25℃)W/m.k
(0℃)W/m.k    ≤0.052/0.050
 抗折强度      Mpa    0.3/0.8
使用温度      ℃    -200~450    吸湿率      %    0.00
体积吸水率      %    ≤0.5/0.2    线胀系数      cm/cmc    9×10-6/8.5×10-6
（二）岩矿棉板
产品概述：岩棉，也叫矿棉， 是一种用玄武岩为基材在1400℃左右的高温状态下进行熔化抽丝做成的无机矿棉材料。其相应的丝径为3－6μm左右，在这些单丝中掺加酚树脂及其它化学助剂即可制得相应的矿棉保温材料，通常为增加矿棉的憎水效果，往往再加入一些憎水材料来提高矿棉板的防水能力。
产品特性：岩棉板具有质轻、导热系数小、吸声性能好、不燃、化学稳定性好等特点、它是一种新型的保温、隔热、吸声材料、岩棉制品除具有一般岩棉所具有的特点之外，还具有防水、保温、绝热隔冷等功能，即使在潮湿情况下长期使用也不会发生潮解。
适用范围：岩（矿）棉板条适用于 外墙防火隔离带、外墙外保温层
技术性能
岩棉的技术性能指标
导热系数 K(m.k) ≤0.040 干密度 kg/米3 100-140
压缩强度 kPa ≥20 垂直于板面的抗拉强度 kPa ≥7.5
憎水率 % ≥98 吸水量（部分浸入，24h） kg/米2 ≤1.0
质量吸湿率 % ≤1.0 燃烧性 不 燃（A级）
（三）玻璃棉板
产品概述：玻璃棉――是以石英砂、长石、硅酸钠、硼酸等为主要原料，经高温熔化制得小于2mm的纤维棉状，再经高温定型制造出各种形状规格的产品，可生产为玻璃卷毡，玻璃棉板，玻璃棉管，应用于彩钢房顶，风道、建筑吊顶，保温管道等。
技术指标

（四）微孔硅酸钙
产品概述：微孔硅酸钙是一种新型保温材料，它具有容重轻导热系数低、抗折、抗压强度高、耐热性好、无毒不燃、可锯切、易加工、不腐蚀管道和设备等优点，是目前最受电力、石油、化工、冶金等部门欢迎的新型硬质保温材料。
产品性能：微孔硅酸钙制品由硬钙石型水化物，增强纤维等原料混合，经模压高温蒸氧工艺制成瓦块或板；
产品具有耐热度高。绝热性能好，强度高、耐久性好、无腐蚀、无污染等优点。特别近几年城市集中供热采用的地下直埋管道工艺，选用硅酸铝、硅酸钙、聚氨酯复合保温；增加了保温材料的性能，提高了管道的使用寿命。
技术性能及技术指标： 　
离心玻璃棉主要物理性能指标
项目
单位
指标
标准
密度
Kg/m3
10-100
GB/T 5480.3-1985
纤维平均直径
μ m
5.5
GB/T 5480.4-1985
含水率
%
≤1
GB/T 3007-1982
燃烧性能级别

不燃A级
GB 8624-1997
热荷重收缩温度
℃
≥250
GB/T 11835-1988
导热系数
w/m·k
0.038-0.06
GB/T 10294-1988
憎水率
%
≥98.2
GB/T 10299-1988
吸湿性
%
≤5
GB/T 16401-1986
吸声系数

1.03 产品混声定法
24kg/m3 2000HZ
GBJ47-83
渣球含量
%
≤0.3

离心玻璃棉产品规格
产品
长度(mm)
宽度(直径)(mm)
厚度(mm)
密度(Kg/m3)
板材
1200-2200
600-1200
20-100
24-96
卷毡
11000，20000
1200
25-150
12，16，20，24，32，40，48
管材
1000
15-400
20-100
45-90

耐高温玻璃棉 物理性能
项目
单位
指标
标准
密度
Kg/m3
10-80
GB 5480.3-1985
纤维平均直径
μ m
5
GB 5480.4-1985
热荷重收缩温度
℃
500
GB/T 11835-1998
导热系数
w/m·k
0.041-0.07
GB/T 10294-1988
燃烧性能级别

不燃A级
GB 8624-1997
憎水率
%
≥99
GB/T 10299-1988
（五）膨胀珍珠岩及制品
膨胀珍珠岩
  产品概述：膨胀珍珠岩是以珍珠岩、黑曜岩或松脂岩矿石经过破碎、筛分、预热、焙烧瞬时急剧加热膨胀而成的白色多子L颗粒状物质。颗粒结构呈蜂窝泡沫状，表观密度一般为40～80kg/m3，大颗粒的表观密度可达150～250kg/m3，导热系数为0.046W/(m·K)左右。
产品特性：膨胀珍珠岩具有轻质、导热系数低、吸湿性小、使用温度范围广(-273～1000℃)、化学性质稳定、无毒、无味、不燃烧等特点。可广泛用于建筑、