2022届高考英语一轮总复习-必修一-Unit-4-Earthquakes学案新人教版.doc

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes学案新人教版

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes学案新人教版

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Unit 4　Earthquakes

必备知识·盘点夯基
BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核
心
单
词
1．__burst__ vi． 爆裂；爆发
n．突然破裂；爆发
2．__disaster__ n．灾难；灾祸
3．__rescue__ n．& vt．援救；营救
4．__bury__ vt．埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
5．__destroy__ vt．破坏；毁坏；消灭
6．__damage__ n．& vt．损失；损害
7．__ruin__ n．废墟；毁灭
vt．毁灭；使破产
8．__trap__ vt． 使陷入困境
n．陷阱；困境
9．__electricity__ n．电；电流；电学
10．__sincerely__ adv．真诚地；真挚地
11．__judge__ n．裁判员；法官
vt．断定；判断；判决
12．__shelter__ n． 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
1．(2020·新高考卷)The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek __shelter__(掩蔽处) during the daytime．
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual __damage__(伤害) to our children．
3．She hid her face in her hands and __burst__ (burst) into tears．
4．__Buried__ (bury) in his study, he didn't notice the other classmates had left．
5． (2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __had been trapped__ (trap) in the mountains for two days．
6．This is one of the worst natural __disasters__ (disaster) ever to hit the area．
7． The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely __destroyed__ (destroy)．
8． Luckily, my kind neighbor __rescued__ (rescue) a little girl from drowning last night．

拓
展
单
词
1．__nation__ n．民族；国家；国民→__national__adj．民族的；国家的；国民的→__nationality__ n．国籍
2．__shock__vt．& vi．(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→__shocking__adj．令人震惊的→__shocked__ adj．感到震惊的
3．__injure__ vt．损害；伤害→__injury__ n．伤害；损害→__injured__ adj．受伤的
4．__express__ vt．表示；表达 n．快车；速递→__expression__n．表达；表情
5．__frighten__ vt．使惊吓；吓唬→__frightened__adj．受惊的；受恐吓的→__frightening__adj．令人恐惧的
6．__congratulation__ n．祝贺→__congratulate__ vt．祝贺
7．__extreme__ adj．极度的→__extremely__ adv．极度地
8．__dirt__ n．污垢；泥土→__dirty__ adj．脏的，肮脏的
9．__mine__ n．矿；矿山；矿井→__miner__n． 矿工
10．__useless__ adj．无用的；无益的→__useful__ adj．有用的

1． After seeing the __frightening__ film, the __frightened__ boy was too __frightened__to walk home alone in the dark． (frighten)
2． The headmaster wrote a letter to __congratulate__ her on her good performance and the exciting __congratulations__ encouraged her greatly． (congratulate)
3． The earthquake __ruined__ our village completely, only leaving it in __ruins__，but it couldn't __ruin__ our dream and hope． (ruin)
4．We were __shocked__ at the __shocking__ news that he died suddenly yesterday． (shock)
5．Rescuers said the __injured__ were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the __injury__was not serious, not life threatening． (injure)

联想积累：
1．“-ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
①
②
③
2．“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst 爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost花费
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit打
⑦cut→cut→cut砍，切
⑧forecast→forecast→forecast预报
3．“adj．＋-ity＝n．荟萃”
①electricity 电；电流；电学
②popularity 受欢迎；流行
③reality 现实
④similarity 相似点
⑤security 安全
⑥equality 平等
4．“自然灾害”大聚焦
①disaster n．灾难；灾祸
②earthquake n．地震
③drought n．干旱；旱灾
④hurricane n．飓风

Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__right away__立刻；马上
2．__as if__仿佛；好像
3．__at an end__ 结束；终结
4．__in ruins__严重受损；破败不堪
5．__dig out__掘出；发现
6．__a (great) number of__许多；大量的
7．__cut off__切断
8．__be trapped in__陷入
9．__be buried in__埋头于
10．__judging from__从……判断
11．__give out__分发；用尽；用完
12．__in the open air__在户外
语境运用
1．There were __a great number of__ children playing on the playground when we arrived．
2．The rescuers __gave out__ food supplies and tents to the survivors of the earthquake．
3．The soldiers were working hard __to dig out__ the people who were trapped in the fallen building．
4．Thank God! Our today's hard work is __at an end__ and we can now have a short rest and then dinner．
5． I'm sorry that I forgot to bring your medicine downstairs; I will go upstairs and get it __right away__．
6．__Judging from__ his look, he doesn't think much of our plan．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat．
在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。

too．．．to．．．意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义。
1．(2018·北京卷书面表达)正如谚语所说，活到老学到老。
As the old saying goes, “It's never __too late to learn__．”

2．It seemed as if the world was at an end!
世界好像到了末日！

as if“好像”后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实情况用虚拟语气。
2．(上海卷写作)孩子们尊敬她就像她是他们的妈妈。
The kids looked up to her __as if/though she were their own mother__．

3．All hope was not lost．
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。

本句是部分否定。All．．．not．．．＝Not all．．．“并不是所有的……都……”。
3．(上海卷写作)但是，并非所有的孩子都认为父母以他们为荣。
However, __not all children__ consider that their parents are proud of them．

核心素养·精讲层练
HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN

1．burst v． (burst，burst) (使)爆裂；突发　n．突发；爆裂
归纳拓展
(1)burst in 闯进来；突然插嘴
burst into 突然爆发；闯入
(2)burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 放声大笑
burst into tears＝burst out crying 放声大哭
burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支
(3)a burst of．．．一阵……；突然爆发……
巧学助记
burst的多层含义

层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①Upon his appearance there was __a burst of applause__．
他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。
②Hearing the bad news, he __burst with anger__ and decided to take action to fight back．
听到这个坏消息，他勃然大怒，并决定采取行动反击。
③The police __burst in__ and arrested the thief．
警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。
提能—一句多译。
这个可爱的小男孩竟然当众哭了起来，这让所有的宾客哄堂大笑。
④The lovely boy __burst into tears__ in public, which made all the guests __burst into laughter__． (burst into)
⑤The lovely boy __burst out crying__ in public, which made all the guests __burst out laughing__．(burst out)
2．injure vt．伤害；使受伤；损害
词汇拓展
injured adj．受伤的
injury n．伤；伤口；伤害
用法归纳
injure sb．伤害某人
injure sb．'s leg/arm/eye/knee伤害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛/膝盖
injure sb．'s reputation/figure/feelings, etc．损害某人的名誉/形象/伤害某人的感情等
be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重/轻伤
the injured伤员；伤者
易混辨析
injure
多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害
wound
指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤
hurt
多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛
harm
指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to “对……有害”

巧学助记

层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Though __injured__(injure) in the leg, the soldier fought to the end．
②He suffered serious __injuries__(injure) to the arms and shoulders．
③The __injured__(injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins．
夯基—用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空。
④He claimed that working too hard was __harming__ his health．
⑤He died of a single gunshot __wound__ to the left side of his head．
⑥What he said __hurt__ me deeply．
⑦One of the players __injured__ his knee and had to be carried off．
⑧(2018·北京卷)By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once __injured__ ankle __hurt__ badly．
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
⑨My left foot __was seriously injured__ (严重受伤)，so I can't go with you as planned．
→__With my left foot seriously injured__，I can't go with you as planned．(with复合结构)
3．ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹　vt．(使)毁坏； 毁灭；成为废墟； 使破产
归纳拓展
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡 ；崩溃
bring．．．to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己； 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
巧学助记

层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in __ruins__ (ruin)．
②It rained for two weeks on end, completely __ruining__ (ruin) our holiday．
③If you're addicted to playing computer games, you'll ruin __yourself__．
提能—一句多译。
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
④He made a mistake, __which ruined his chance__of going abroad．(定语从句)
⑤He made a mistake, __ruining his chance__ of going abroad．(分词作状语)
4．judge n．裁判员；法官　vt．断定；判决；判断
词汇拓展
judg(e)ment n．判断
make a judgement about．．． 对……作出评价
用法归纳
judge sb．/sth．by/from．．． 以……判断某人/某事
judging from/by．．． 从……判断 (常作插入语使用)
judge sb．/sth．(to be) good/bad/fair认定某人/某事好/坏/公平
as far as sb．can judge 据某人判断
温馨提示
judging from/by．．．置于句首作状语。v．-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking坦白地说；considering．．．考虑到……。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly __judged__ (judge)．
②I'm writing to invite you to be __a__ judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15．
③__Judging__ (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we can't judge a book __by/from__ its cover．
提能—完成句子。
④__As far as I can judge__，he will refuse to __make a judgement about__ the present situation．
据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。
5．bury vt．埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
归纳拓展
(1)bury one's head/face in hands双手抱头/掩面
(2)be buried in＝bury oneself in专心于
be buried in thought沉思
名师点津
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
be devoted to
be lost/engaged/absorbed in
focus/concentrate on
fix/concentrate one's attention on
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He walked slowly, his hand __buried__ (bury) in his pocket．
②__Burying__ (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping．
③She sat there and said nothing, __buried__ (bury) in thought．
提能—句式升级。
④Because she buried herself in the film, she didn't know it was snowing outside．
→__Burying herself in the film__，she didn't know it was snowing outside．(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→__Buried in the film__，she didn't know it was snowing outside．(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
6．at an end 终结；结束
归纳拓展
(1)bring ．．．to an end 使……终止
come to an end 结束
put an end to．．．使……终止
(2)make (both) ends meet 量入为出；收支相抵
(3)at the end of．．． 在……末端；在……结束时
by the end of．．． 到……末为止
in the end 最后；最终
(4)end up with．．．以……结束/告终
end up doing sth．以做……结束
温馨提示
at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；by the end of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用；by the end of＋过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by the end of＋将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①By the end of next week, I __will have finished__ (finish) most of the work．
②(2020·新高考卷读后续写)Many of their families were struggling to make __ends__(end)meet．
③(2020·新高考卷)His visit, however, ended up __involving__(involve)a lot more than that．
提能—一句多译。
会议结束了，我们离开了会议室。
④The meeting __was at an end and we left the meeting room__．(at)
⑤The meeting __came to an end and we left the meeting room__．(come)
⑥We __put an end to the meeting and left the meeting room__．(put)
⑦We __brought the meeting to an end and left the meeting room__．(bring)
7．a great number of 许多；大量
归纳拓展
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
名师点津
large quantities of后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。large amounts of后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形式。the number of后跟可数名词复数作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①A large number of books __have been stolen__ (steal) from the library so far．
②The number of trees larger than two feet across __has declined__ (decline) by 50 percent in recent years．
③More than one doctor __was involved__ (involve) in the rescue that took place after the earthquake．
④One survey shows that large amounts of water __are wasted__(waste) every year in China, and that one third is available to be saved．
⑤Large quantities of land in the area __have been reserved__ (reserve) for national parks these years, which __are__ (be) now home to bears, wolves, and other wild animals．
⑥A great deal of money __was donated__ (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention．
提能—单句写作。
⑦__With more and more forests being destroyed，large quantities of good soil are being washed away every year．__
因为越来越多的树木被破坏，每年都会冲走大量土壤。
8．In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat．
在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too＋adj．/adv．＋(for sb．) to do sth．“(对某人来说)太……不能……”，表示否定意义。
归纳拓展
too．．．to在下列情况下表示肯定意义：
①当too前面有副词far，much，but，only修饰，此结构没有否定意义，而表示肯定。
②too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，表示肯定意义。
③too．．．to．．．中的too前面有never，can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。
can't．．．too/enough．．．表示“无论……也不为过”。
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①(牛津高阶)It's __too late to do__ anything about it now．
现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。
②You __can't be too careful__ while driving a car．
在开车时，你越小心越好。
③He is only __too delighted to__ accept your invitation．
他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。
④Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that it sounded __too good to be true__．
听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真实。
⑤(天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always __too busy to carry on__ a conversation with her．
我讨厌在我工作时她打电话过来，我总是忙得不能和她交谈。
提能—翻译句子。
⑥(全国卷Ⅰ)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own．
__在20世纪60年代，我们都有些狂野，为了证明我们能够独立，我们觉得离家越远越好，离家越快越好。__
⑦(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Nothing is too small to celebrate．
__没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。/任何事都是值得庆祝的。__
9．It seemed as if the world was at an end．
世界好像到了末日。
It seems/looks as if ．．．“似乎/好像……”。as if引导表语从句。
归纳拓展
(1)as if从句用陈述语气
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气
从句所述不真实或极少有可能发生
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)
温馨提示
as if亦可换为as though。如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Don't handle the vase as if it __were__(be) made of steel．
②The man I followed suddenly stopped as if __to see__(see) if he was going in the right direction．
③Look! Dark clouds are gathering．It looks as if it __is__(be) going to rain．
④They were waving to us as if __saying__(say) good-bye．
⑤When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it __were broken__(break)．
夯基—单句改错。
⑥The driver was lying on the ground as if injuring seriously．
__injuring→injured__
提能—单句写作。
⑦(福建高考书面表达)一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly __as if they were the only people in the world__．
10．All hope was not lost．
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
部分否定all．．．not．．．＝not all．．．，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
温馨提示
(1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，everywhere, whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非……都”。
(2)none，neither，no，no one，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①(2018·天津卷阅读)__Not everybody__ can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy．
不是所有人都能做这件事——它需要好多年的经验，但是打印机使这项工作变得容易了。
②I agree with most of what you said, but I __don't agree with everything/all__．
我同意你讲的大多数内容，但并非同意你讲的全部。
③__Nothing in the world is difficult__ if one sets his mind to it．
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
提能—句式升级。
④Not everything she did pleased him．(改为全否定)
__Nothing she did pleased him__．
⑤Both of them are not my brothers． (改为全否定)
__Neither of them is my brother__．

高效演练·素能提升
GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．__Buried__(bury) in a classic detective novel, the landlord didn't notice a thief was creeping up to his bedroom．
解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为全神贯注于一部经典侦探小说，房东没有注意到一个贼正在蹑手蹑脚地向他的卧室走去。句子主语the landlord与bury构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Buried。
2．__Judging__(judge) from __the__ number of cars, he thought there were many people at the shop．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：根据车的数量看，他认为商店里有很多人。judging from“从……来看；根据……来判断”；the number of＋可数名词复数表示“……的数目”。故填Judging；the。
3．(北京卷)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people __until__ you figure it out．
解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填until。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up __becoming__ (become)an invaluable member of the team．
解析：考查固定句式。end up doing意为“结果……”，故填becoming。
5．It was a really __frightening__(frighten) experience．Afterwards everybody was very __shock