高中英语定语从句.ppt

Attributive clause定定语从句从句1.一一.定定语从句的基本定从句的基本定义放在名放在名词词或代或代词词后面，由关系代后面，由关系代词词或关系副或关系副词词引引导导的修的修饰该饰该名名词词或代或代词词的从句叫定的从句叫定语语从句。从句。被修被修饰饰的的词词叫先行叫先行词词。一.定语从句的基本定义 二二.定定语从句的从句的分分类限制性限制性定定语从句（从句（无逗号）且从句去掉影响无逗号）且从句去掉影响句子句子完整性和完整性和非限制性非限制性定定语从句从句有（逗号），表有（逗号），表解解释，说明，明，去掉不影响去掉不影响句子的完整性句子的完整性2.Eg:The boy who is reading is Tom.先行先行词词关系代关系代词词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行先行词词关系副关系副词词3.二二.关系关系词的分的分类1.关系代关系代词词 2.关系副关系副词词关系代关系代词词在定在定语语从句中作主从句中作主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语和定和定语语，常用的关系代，常用的关系代词词有：有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副关系副词词在定在定语语从句中作状从句中作状语语，常用的关系副，常用的关系副词词有：有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类4.三三.关系代关系代词的基本用法和注意点的基本用法和注意点1.关系代关系代词的基本用法的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词 指代的先指代的先行行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主主语语、宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主主语语、宾语宾语that人或物人或物主主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语whose人或物人或物定定语语5.五五.关系副关系副词when,where和和why的用法的用法五.关系副词的基本用法关系副关系副词词指代的先行指代的先行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表表时间时间的名的名词词/名名词词组时间时间状状语语where表地点的名表地点的名词词/名名词词组地点状地点状语语why表原因的名表原因的名词词原因状原因状语语6.四四.关系代关系代词和关系副和关系副词选择的关的关键：判断先行判断先行词在从中所作的成分：在从中所作的成分：1.当先行当先行词在从句中作主在从句中作主语：人：人：who/that 物：物：which/that2.当先行当先行词在从句中作在从句中作宾语：人：人：who/whom/that/x 物：物：which/that/x 3.当先行当先行词在从句中作定在从句中作定语：人人/物：物：n1 whose n2人：人：=the n2 of whom/of whom the n2物：物：=the n2 of which/of which the n27.(1)whose引引导的定的定语从句注意点从句注意点whose引引导定定语从句，从句，其后其后应紧应紧跟名跟名词词，构成名构成名词词短短语语。whose与它所修与它所修饰的名的名词一起可以作介一起可以作介词的的宾语。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部他工作所在部门的老板已的老板已经听听说了了这个消息。个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点8.whose的先行的先行词指物指物时，可用，可用of which代替，但代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名名词=the+名名词+of which，或，或=of which+the+名名词。如：如：The novel whose title(=the title of which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引引导的定的定语从句，其先行从句，其先行词既可以指人既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。9.whose的先行的先行词指人指人时，可用，可用of whom代替，代替，但但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名名词=the+名名词+of whom，或，或=of whom+the+名名词。如：。如：The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.10.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that (1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.巩固巩固练习练习：1.用定用定语从句合并句子从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子11.(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen.12.1.The girl _is standing next to our teachernext to our teacher is her daughter.is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with 2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.is a famous singer.3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak 3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English English very well.very well.4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from 4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.the library.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/that(that/which)(that/which)巩固巩固练习练习：2.用适当的关系用适当的关系词填空填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空13.关系代关系代词和关系副和关系副词选择的关的关键：判断先行判断先行词在从中所作的成分在从中所作的成分：六六.当先行当先行词在从句中作状在从句中作状语：时间：when=介介词+which 地点：地点：where=介介词+which 原因：原因：why=介介词+which who,whom14.介介词词+which/whom引引导的定的定语从句从句1.介介词的的选用原用原则：(1)根据根据定定语语从句从句谓语动词谓语动词的的习惯习惯搭配来决定。搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.四.“介词+which/whom”引导的从句，1.介词选用原则15.(2)根据根据先行先行词词的的习惯习惯搭配来决定。搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.16.巩固巩固练习练习：用适当的关系：用适当的关系词词填空填空 1)October 1,1949 was the day_ (_ _)China was founded.2)Beijing is the place _ (_ _)I came.3)Is this the reason _(_ _)he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空17.4)Is this the room _(_ _)we were living last winter?5)The days are gone _ (_ _)we used“foreign oil”.6)Yesterday,we had a meeting _ (_ _)we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere18.注意注意（1）.当当介介词词放在放在关系代关系代词词前面前面时时，关系代关系代词词只能用只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指指物物)，且关系代，且关系代词不能省略不能省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.I cant find the pen with which I was writing.2.介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用19.2.当介当介词位于定位于定语从句末尾从句末尾时，可用，可用 which/that(指物指物),who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句中介作从句中介词词的的宾语宾语.而且作而且作介介词宾语词宾语的的关系代关系代词词可以省略。可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?3.介词位于句末，关系代词的使用20.3.在一些在一些固定搭配的固定搭配的动词动词短短语语中，由于中，由于动词动词和介和介词词不可分割，因此不可分割，因此不能把介不能把介词词置于关系代置于关系代词词之前之前。如：。如：This is the watch(that/which)I am looking for.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.4.含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用21.4.先行先行词是是the way，意，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时时，引，引导导定定语语从句的关系从句的关系词词用用that/in which或省略。或省略。I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）5.先行词为the way，关系词的使用22.5.关系副关系副词的用法注意点的用法注意点(1)当先行当先行词为为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用用关系关系词that 或省略或省略。如：。如：This is the first time(that)the president has visited the country.(2)当当point,situation,case等等词词作先行作先行词词表示表示“情况，境地，情况，境地，场场合合”等意思等意思时时，其后常由，其后常由where引引导定定语从句从句，where在句中作状在句中作状语。如：。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?4.关系副词的用法注意点23.(6)关系代关系代词词在从句中作在从句中作主主语语时时，从句的，从句的谓语动谓语动词词的人称和数必的人称和数必须须与先行与先行词词保持一致保持一致。如：。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致24.对对比比练习练习：用适当的关系：用适当的关系词词填空填空1.The room _ he once lived is still there.The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空25.2.I will never forget the day_ I met you.I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which)26.The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3.The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.27.七七.关系代关系代词的用法注意点的用法注意点(1)that和和which都可以指物，都可以指物，但以下但以下5种情况只能用种情况只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行当先行词中有人又有物中有人又有物时。如：。如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况28.当先行当先行词为不定代不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,something,nothing,nobody,none等等时。如：。如：This is all that I want from the school.当先行当先行词被被only,just,very,right,last等修等修饰时。如：。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.29.当先行当先行词被被最高最高级级修修饰饰时时。如：。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行当先行词被被序数序数词词修修饰饰时时。如：。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.30.(2)that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况先行先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等等时。如：。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行先行词为those,he和和people时。如：。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.31.非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句1.非限制性定非限制性定语从句的定从句的定义非限制性定非限制性定语语从句是从句是对对被修被修饰饰部分部分进进行行附加附加说说明明，如果，如果去掉去掉，主句的意思，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之它和主句之间间的关系比的关系比较较松散，因此常用松散，因此常用逗号逗号隔开。隔开。My watch,which is very old,stopped again.六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义32.2.限制性定限制性定语语从句与非限制性定从句与非限制性定语语从句的区从句的区别别(1)限制性定限制性定语从句和主句的关系从句和主句的关系十分密切，十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间间不用不用逗号逗号隔开。而非限制性定隔开。而非限制性定语语从句从句则则不然。不然。试试比比较较：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book,which is easy to understand.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别33.(2)限制性定限制性定语语从句的先行从句的先行词词总总是一个是一个名名词词或一或一个个代代词词，而非，而非限制性定限制性定语语从句的先行从句的先行词词可以是一可以是一个个词词，也可以是，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思部分或整个主句的意思。此。此时时，一般用一般用关系代关系代词词as或或which引引导导。(4)在在非限制性定非限制性定语语从句中从句中，不能省略不能省略关系代关系代词词，而在限制性定，而在限制性定语语从句中从句中则则可以。可以。(3)限制性定限制性定语从句可以用关系代从句可以用关系代词that引引导，而，而非非限制性定限制性定语语从句从句则则不能不能用用that。34.(5)关系代关系代词在非限制性定在非限制性定语从句中作介从句中作介词的的宾语时，介，介词前可以有被介前可以有被介词短短语所修所修饰的的词。如：。如：(6)在非限制性定在非限制性定语从句中，关系代从句中，关系代词还可以可以作介作介词的的宾语。He has two daughters,the elder of whom is married.He is ill,in spite of which he keeps on studying.35.3.关系代关系代词as,which引引导非限制定非限制定语从句从句时的区的区别(1)as和和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个句中的某一个词。as引引导的非限制性定的非限制性定语从句，从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主可插入主句中；句中；而而which引引导的非限制性定的非限制性定语从句一般置于从句一般置于主句之后主句之后。如：。如：3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.As is known to all,the moon travels round the earth.36.(2)as多用于下列多用于下列习惯用用语中中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那正如人人都能看到的那样样as is well known=as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we had expected 正如我正如我们们所所预预料的那料的那样样as often happens 正如正如经经常常发发生的那生的那样样as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的37.4.“介介词+关系代关系代词”结构引构引导非限制性定非限制性定语语从句从句，一般有以下几种一般有以下几种结结构：构：(1)名名词+介介词+关系代关系代词：They live in a house,the door of which faces south.4.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构(2)代代词+介介词+关系代关系代词：There are four students in the classroom,all of whom are working hard.38.(3)数数词+介介词+关系代关系代词：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.(4)形容形容词比比较级/最高最高级+介介词+关系代关系代词：China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.39.Thank youThank you40.Grammar 1-1.Read the sentences below and underline the relative clauses.1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.3.Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.4.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.5.He came from a family which was very poor.41.Grammar 1-3.Summary Do activity 2 on page 44Keys1.A2.A3.B4.A5.B6.ASummary1.Who follows a word referring to a person.2.Which follows a word referring to a thing.3.Instead of which you can say that.4.Where follows a word that refers to a place.5.When follows a word that refers to time.6.Whose means of whom.42.Grammar 1-4.Practice Do activity 3 and 4 on page 44Key to activity 31.E2.A3.B4.C5.DKey to activity 41.which2.where3.when4.whose5.whose6.when7.where43.