第一讲、英语五种基本句型及练习.doc

英语五种基本句型基本句型一: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典.2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好.3. His face turned red. 他的脸红了4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了.5. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮.基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着.2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了.3. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系.4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时.5. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利.基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Who knows the answer？ 谁知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书.3. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误.基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳.2. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.3. He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.4. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了.5. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器.基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色.2. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住.3. What makes him think so？ 他怎么会这样想？. 4. We saw him out. 我们送他出去.5. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来.6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 我看见他们当时在上了那辆公共汽车.基本句型翻译练习基本句型一: 主+系+表1. 当时他看起来不高兴。2. 我喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。3. 我擅长英语。4. 收到你的来信我很高兴。5. 在公路对面有一栋新教学楼。6. 图书馆里有各种各样的书籍、报纸和杂志。7. 那是在2000年2月8日早上7:15.8. 天变得越来越黑。9. 这食物吃起来挺可口的。10. 这故事听起来很有趣。 Key:1. He looked unhappy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.3. I am very good at English.4. I was so pleased to hear from you.5. On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building.6. In the library there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines.7. It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000.8. It is getting darker and darker.9. The food tastes delicious.10. The story sounds very interesting.基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)1. 1984年至1990年我在光明小学学习。2. 今天上午，我们在校门口会面然后一起去那里。3. 时间很快过去了。 4. 这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。5. 小车没有停而是快速的开走了。6. 在过去的10年间它的经济发展迅速。7. 那个年轻人重重地摔倒在地。8. 过去他早上习惯于早起。Key: 1. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. The time passed quickly.4. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.5. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed.6. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years.7. The young man fell down on the ground hard.8. He used to get up early in the morning.基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾1. 去年在学校电脑竞赛中我获得了一等奖。2. 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。3.几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。4. 我们也在校园内和周围种上了许多树。5. 晚上时，我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。6. 在回家的路上他把钱给丢了。7. 昨晚大约九点的时候，我正在做作业。8. 才艺展示（Talent Show）将于6月18日在北京电视台举行。9. 下午，我将带你们转转，看一看一些名胜。10. 盼望能尽早见到你。 Key:1. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 2. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.3. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.4. We also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.5. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.6. He lost the money on his way home.7. About 9 oclock last night, I was doing my homework.8. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18.9. In the afternoon, Ill show you around and take you to some places of interest.10. Im looking forward to meeting you soon.基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）1. 去年王老师教我们英语。2. 明天我要给他写封信，告诉他这个好消息。3. 他们给他提供了一份工作，但他拒绝了。4. 在我14岁生日时，爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。5. 昨晚我花了两小时才完成作业。6. 对不起，能问你一个问题吗？Key:1. Mr Wang taught us English last year.2. Tomorrow Ill write him a letter and tell him the good news.3. They offered him a job, but he turned it down.4. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike.5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.6. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）1. 当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。2. 我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越美丽。3. 当我到达教室时，我发现里边没有人。4. 昨天下午在公交车上我的钱包让人给偷了。5. 我注意到凯特整个早上都在图书馆里看书。6. 父亲叫我给他带些报纸来。Key:1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time.2. We are making our country more and more beautiful.3. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in.4. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon.5. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning.6. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.基本句型翻译综合练习：1. 那噪音太响，我无法继续学习。2. 得知你9月份要来我很高兴。3. 人们需要一个可以休息和玩乐的地方。4. 当那个人在过马路时，小车撞了他。5. 我已答应明天下午3：30到机场接他。6. 听了我说的话，我的邻居向我道歉并马上把电视音量关小。7. 他是一个很有学问的人我们都很欣赏他。8. 在过去，人们主要通过写信、打公共电话来彼此保持联系。9. 我宁愿呆在家里，因为我可以做我想做的，比如：读书、看电视、帮助父母做家务。10. 我们应该把中国文化和历史介绍给外国人，以便他们能更多的了解中国。11. 为了改善北京交通，政府应鼓励更多人使用公共交通或自行车。12. 以我的观点来看，考试作弊是错的，因为它违反了学校规章。13. 我们学生应该诚实，尽力通过努力学习而不是考试作弊来获得好成绩。14. 有个老人静静地坐在附近的一个板凳上。Key:1. The noise was so loud that I couldnt go on studying.2. Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September.3. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road.5. I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.6. After hearing what I said, my neighbor apologized to me and turned down the TV immediately.7. He is such a learned person that we all admire hem very much.8. In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.9. I prefer to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.10. We should introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know China better.11. To improve the traffic in Beijing, the government should encourage more people to use public transport and bicycles.12. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools.13. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations.14. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby.4