【最详尽解析】2018年高考英语全国2卷真题(2).doc

〖解密〗2018年高考英语全国II卷真题解析

试卷导航
语篇
话题
体裁
词数
难度
阅读理解A
暑期活动
应用文
293+55=348
易
阅读理解B
水果甜品
说明文
258+90=348
中
阅读理解C
青少年阅读
说明文
295 + 110=405
中
阅读理解D
闲谈的益处
议论文
309 +99=408
中
阅读七选五
晨练的好处
说明文
211 + 73=284
易
完形填空
父亲碰巧营救儿子
记叙文
251
易
语法填空
中国调整农作物种植结构为全球生态环境改善做贡献
说明文
200
中
短文改错
年少时父母让“我”玩纸牌游戏的良苦用心
记叙文
108
中
书面表达
通知
应用文
100 (左右)
中

试题解读
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents / carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents / carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
Activity
Description
Member
of staff
Cost
Outdoor Adventure (OUT)
Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment.
Mr. Clemens
￡140
WWI Battlefields and Paris (WBP)
On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.
Mrs. Wilson
￡425
Crafty Foxes (CRF)
Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations … Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.
Mrs. Goode
￡30

Potty about Potter (POT)
Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford’s Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.
Miss Drake
￡150
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT.
22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?
A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks.
C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. How long does Potty about Potter last?
A. Two days. B. Four days.
C. Five days. D. One week.

语篇解读
关键词
summer activities
主旨概要
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种暑期活动，并让学生选择他们希望参加的两种活动。

百科知识

1. 基督教堂学院（Christchurch）是牛津大学最大学院。基督教堂学院享有不称为College的特权，在牛津它通常被称为“The House”。基督教堂学院与英国政治渊源很深，曾在内战时作为查理一世的临时首都，在近200年内产生了16位英国首相。这里也是电影《哈利﹒波特》的重要取景地。

2. 查韦尔河（River Cherwell）是泰晤士河（River Thames）位于英格兰中部的主要支流，全长40英里，流经牛津大学城，最终在牛津西南方汇入泰晤士河。
语言知识
重难点词
final + ise = finalise 把（计划、旅行、项目等）最后定下来；see 为……发生的时间； approved [正式] 认可的，核准的； location （电影的）外景拍摄地 （熟词生义）；head 朝（某方向）行进
重难点词块
comfort zone 舒适区； personal quality 个人素质； work as a team 团队合作；stay overnight 过夜；centre around 以……为中心，集中于；guided tour 有导游的游览
长难句分析
Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. 句意为：周四我们短途旅行去巴黎，游览巴黎迪士尼乐园，晚些时候，我们观看游行和烟花。在本句中，where作关系副词引导定语从句，修饰先行词Paris；现在分词结构staying … 作伴随状语。
写作句型
1. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school.
2. Before choices are finalised, parents / carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
3. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.
4. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.
答案与解析
21. A 事实细节题 由Outdoor Adventure (OUT)的内容中提到的You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.可知，如果想露营选OUT这一活动。
22. D 事实细节题 由WWI Battlefields and Paris (WBP)的内容中提到的Mrs. Wilson以及On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields.可知学生们将在周二和威尔逊女士参观第一次世界大战的战场。
23. A 事实细节题 由Potty about Potter (POT)的内容中提到的Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight … heading back to Exeter.可知，Potty about Potter活动持续两天。
B
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A container. D. A machine.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.

语篇解读
关键词
berries, stone fruits, nutritional, frozen bananas, fruit shakes, soft-serve creamy dessert
主旨概要
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了各种莓类和核类水果营养丰富以及和冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的两种不同食用方法:果昔和软冰淇淋。
原文出处

语言知识
重难点词
jewel（非正式用语）宝贝，难能可贵的人，珍贵的东西； base混合物的主要成分； thick浓的，粘稠的； squeeze榨出，挤出
重难点词块
stone fruits核果类水果； in abundance大量，充裕；be high/ rich in富含； as for至于； fruit shakes果昔； low fat低脂； depend on取决于； feed ... into ... 把……放进，塞进……
长难句分析
Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. 句意为：出来的是软冰淇淋甜品，需要立即食用。这是一个完全倒装句，主谓颠倒顺序；to be eaten right away 非谓语动词短语作补语，补充说明前面的dessert。
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. 句意为：当冰冻香蕉和其他莓类或水果片混合时，就会成为制作浓郁冰凉果昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的不错的主要底料。
答案与解析
24. C 事实细节题 根据第二段最后一句 As for cherries, they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.可知，樱桃非常美味，这是人们喜欢樱桃的原因。
25. B 事实细节题 根据第三段倒数第二句 If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，香蕉中放入少量的柠檬汁可以使其不变色。
26. D 词义猜测题 根据第四段前两句If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.可知，将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品，由此可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。
27. B 推理判断题 全文主要介绍了各种莓类所含营养成分以及和冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的食用方法，由此可推测这篇文章可能来自健康杂志。
C
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A. Children’s reading habits. B. Quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health. D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.
B. Ask them to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.

语篇解读
关键词
teens, reading a lot less for fun
主旨概要
本文是一篇报道，聚焦青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势。数据显示在阅读方面父母起着榜样的力量，并对孩子有引导作用。最后作者呼吁家长抓住假期的机会列出自己的书单，并制定一家人去图书馆和书店的计划。
原文出处

语言知识
重难点词
steep (数量的上升或下降）急剧的； encourage 促进；respectively 分别，各自；session 一次； purchase [正式用语] 买；approach (在距离或时间上) 靠近
重难点词块
when it comes to (doing) sth 当涉及（做）某事时； due to因为；concern about sth 对某事的忧虑；serve / act as充当，担当；compare sth to sth某物与某物相比；set aside留出 (钱或时间)；step in介入，干涉；be of poor quality 质量差；a waste of time 浪费时间；role model楷模，行为榜样
长难句分析
①According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion who say they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” 句意为：根据这个报告的重要发现，“那些说他们从来或几乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从1984年的13岁中的8%，17岁中的9%上升到了现在的22%和27%。” 主语为proportion，谓语动词是has gone；who引导定语从句修饰proportion。
②The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. 句意为：报告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是：在阅读方面，父母是孩子的榜样和重要的楷模。
写作句型
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.
答案与解析
28. A 事实细节题 根据第一段的Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report released Monday.可知，这则报告主要是关于阅读习惯的。
29. B 事实细节题 根据第三段提到的数据the proportion who say they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today. 可知，青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势。
30. C 推理判断题 根据第五段的最后一句It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.可知，许多父母限制孩子电子阅读主要是担心增加他们看电子屏幕的时间，也就是怕伤害孩子的视力，即：损害他们的健康。
31. A 推理判断题 根据第六段可知，在读书方面父母是孩子的榜样。数据显示经常读书的孩子家里有更多的书，他们的父母给他们买的书也更多，其父母也更经常读书。由此可推知，父母如果想鼓励孩子多读书，自己应该为孩子树立榜样。
D
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Ca