2022届高考英语一轮总复习-必修五-Unit-1-Great-scientists学案新人教版.doc

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists学案新人教版

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists学案新人教版

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Unit 1　Great scientists

必备知识·盘点夯基
,BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记

写准记牢
语境运用
核
心
单
词
1．__defeat__vt．打败；战胜；使受挫
n．失败
2．__expert__adj．熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n．专家；行家
3．__attend__vt． 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．__expose__vt．暴露；揭露；使曝光
5．__cure__n．治愈；痊愈；治疗方法
vt．治愈；治疗
6．__absorb__vt．吸收；吸引；使专心
7．__suspect__vt．认为；怀疑
n．被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人
8．__foresee__vt．预见；预知
9．__blame__vt．责备；谴责
n．过失；责备
10．__handle__n．柄；把手
vt．处理；操纵
11．__link__vt．& n．连接；联系
12．__positive__ adj．积极的；肯定的；确实的
1．If you have a __positive__ (积极的) relationship with your teachers, you will be happy in their classes．
2．Professor Wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent __cure__(治疗方法) for it．
3．Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese culture, I'd like to invite you to __attend__ (参加)the exhibition with me．
4．Our team __was defeated__ (defeat) last night, which made us sad and disappointed．
5．(2020·新高考卷阅读)In Samarkand, Mr． Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected(suspect)of drug dealing．
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed(expose)to daylight．
7．Not knowing what was wrong with his car, Martin decided to send for an experienced man __ to handle__ (handle) the problem．

单
词
拓
展
1．__challenge__ n．挑战vt．向……挑战→__challenging__adj．挑战性的
2．__cautious__ adj．小心的；谨慎的→__caution__n．小心；警告
3．__pollute__ vt．污染；弄脏→__pollution__n．污染
4．__instruct__ vt．命令；指示；教导→__instruction__
n． 说明；传授→__instructions__pl．用法说明；指示；命令
5．__conclude__ vt．& vi．结束；推断出→__conclusion__n．结论；结束
6．__contribute__vt．& vi．捐献；贡献；投稿→__contribution__n．贡献
7．__reject__vt．拒绝；不接受；抛弃→__rejection__n．拒绝；抛弃
8．__science__n．科学→__scientific__adj．科学的→
__scientist__ n．科学家
9．__announce__ vt．宣布；通告→__announcement__
n．通知；宣告→__announcer__n．播音员；宣告者
10．__certain__ adj．确实的；肯定的→__certainly__
adv．确定；肯定→__certainty__ n．确信；确实
11．__construct__ vt．建设；修建→__construction__n．建设；建筑物
12．__responsible__ adj．有责任的；负责的→
__responsibility__n．责任；负责
13．__paint__ vt．绘画；涂→__painter__ n．画家；油漆匠→__painting__ n．油画；水彩画
14．__universe__ n．宇宙；世界→__universal__adj．普遍的；宇宙的→__universally__adv．普遍地
15．__movement__ n．移动；运动；动作→__move__v．移动；运动

1．The player defeated by me __challenged__ me to a __challenging__ game that day． (challenge)
2．It's __universally__ accepted that the __universe__ originated from the big bang．(universe)
3．It was __concluded__ that he didn't tell us the truth． I also came to the __conclusion__ that he lied． (conclude)
4．The writer personally __contributed__ ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his __contributions__ were gratefully received． (contribute)
5．Mary __announced__ to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose __announcement__ of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week．(announce)
6．The great bridge under __construction__ is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to __construct__ the large bridge． (construct)
7．I want to be a __scientist__ to discover a __scientific__breakthrough to save people's lives． (science)
8．In the class, our teacher often __instructs__ us to improve our reading ability and his __instruction__ makes a difference in our English learning． (instruct)
9．We'll be __ responsible__ for your safety and you need to take __responsibility__ for your actions． (responsible)
10．It was not until all the fish in the __polluted__ river had died that he realized that the __pollution__ was very serious．(pollute)

联想积累：
1．“熟练”归纳
①expert adj． 熟练的；内行的
②skillful adj． 熟练的；灵巧的
③skilled adj． 熟练的；有技能的
④experienced adj． 熟练的；有经验的
2．以-ic结尾的常见形容词
①characteristic 特有的；独特的
②scientific 科学的
③enthusiastic 热情的；热心的
④energetic 精力充沛的
⑤fantastic 极好的
3．“名词用作动词”的高频词语聚焦
①handle n．把手→vt．处理
②nurse n．护士→vt．护理
③face n．脸→vt．面对
④bridge n．桥→vt．沟通
⑤drink n．饮料→vt．喝；饮
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__put forward__提出
2．__draw a conclusion__得出结论
3．__expose．．．to__使显露；暴露
4．__link．．．to．．．__将……和……联系
或连接起来
5．__apart from__除……之外；此外
6．__make sense__讲得通；有意义
7．__(be) strict with．．．__对……严格的
8．__be to blame__应受谴责/责备
9．__look into__调查
10．__lead to__导致；通向
语境运用
1．When the detective __looked into__ the case, he was threatened by an unknown man．
2．Though Mrs． Brown __ is strict with__ us in our studies, almost all of us love her very much．
3．As far as I'm concerned, those services which __are linked to__ Hi-tech will be more popular in the future．
4．The expert __drew a conclusion__ from his investigation that the disease was carried through water rather than air．
5．(2018·天津卷)The training schedule, __apart from__ regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood．
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

neither．．．nor．．．“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分。
1．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)唐朝的历史和诗歌对于你来说都不好理解。
Neither the history of the Tang Dynasty nor poems of it __are hard to understand for you__．

2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak．
每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。

every time“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。
2．(浙江卷)每次一天结束后到家，我们会在门口迎接他。
__Every time he arrived home__ at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door．

3．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense．
只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。

“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。
3．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只有当你提前了解了唐朝的历史时你才能更好地理解唐诗。
Only when you learn something about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance __are you able to have a better understanding of Tang Poems__．

核心素养·精讲层练
HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN

1．conclude v．断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止
词汇拓展
conclusion n．结论；推论
用法归纳
(1)conclude sth． from．．．从……中推断出……
to conclude最后
conclude sth． with/by doing sth．以……结束
(2)arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion总之；最后
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He concluded his speech __with__ a famous saying “Where there is a will, there is a way”．
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)When he brings his speech to a nice __conclusion__ (conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him．
③(2018·江苏卷书面表达)In __conclusion__ (conclude), we should offer some products or services．
提能—一句多译。
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
④I __drew a conclusion from my own experiences that__ a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclusion)
⑤I __concluded from my own experiences that__ a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclude)
2．attend vt．出席；参加；照顾；护理
归纳拓展
(1)attend school/church上学/去教堂
attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/party参加会议/听演讲/出席婚礼/参加晚会
(2)attend(on/upon) sb．照顾某人
(3)attend to处理；倾听；专心于；照顾
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited __to attend__ (attend) a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __listening__ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals．
②(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college __to attend__ (attend)．
③The person in charge of the work should attend __to__ this matter immediately．
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I'm greatly honored to invite you __to attend a music festival__ (参加一个音乐节)． It will be held in our school hall on June 5 at 2∶00 p．m．．
→I'm greatly honored to invited you__to attend a music festival to be held__ in our school hall on June 5 at 2∶00 p．m．．
3．expose vt．揭露；暴露；使遭受；使曝光
词汇拓展
exposure n．暴露；揭露
用法归纳
(1)expose．．．to．．．暴露……给……；使……接触……
expose oneself to．．．使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to遭受；(使)接触到
名师点津
(1)及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；
(2)在expose．．．to．．．以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)“Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be exposed (expose)to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin．
②If __exposed__ (expose) to the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future．
③Don't expose __yourself__ to great danger when you're alone．
提能—单句写作。
④(2018·北京卷书面表达)__In order to expose international students to our tea culture__，we took them to the tea room in our school．
为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。
4．absorb vt．吸收(液体、气体等)；吸引(注意)；使专心；使并入；吞并；理解；掌握；使缓冲
归纳拓展
absorb sth．吸收(光、热等)
absorb/draw/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
be absorbed by．．．/into被……吞并/吸引
be absorbed in ．．．全神贯注于……；专心致志于……
名师点津
be absorbed in (doing) sth．结构在句中状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in．．．类似的结构还有：
①be lost in．．．陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught in．．．被困在……
③be buried in．．．埋头于……
④be devoted to．．．致力于……；专心于……
⑤be occupied in．．．忙于……
⑥be involved in．．．专注于……
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中absorb的含义。
①(北京卷)When condors (神鹰) eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead．__吸收__
②(2020·新高考卷阅读)In fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message．
__理解__
③(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling．__吸引；使专心__
④Jump with your knees bent, so they absorb less impact．__缓冲__
提能—单句语法填空。
⑤Charles C．Mann has produced a book that is attractively written and really__absorbing__(absorb)．
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)These kids are so absorbed __in__ their studies that I just sit back．
⑦The surrounding small towns __were absorbed__(absorb) into the city．
提能—一句多译。
汤姆那么专心于工作，以至于忘记了告知我会议时间。
⑧Tom __was absorbed in his work__，so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting．
⑨__Absorbing himself in his work__，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting．(现在分词作状语)
⑩__Absorbed in his work__，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting．(过去分词作状语)
5．blame vt．指责；责怪；归咎于　n．责备；责任；过失
归纳拓展
(1)blame sb．for sth．因某事而责备某人
blame sth．on sb．把某事怪到某人头上
sb．be to blame(for．．．)某人应承担(……)责任；该(因……)受责备
(2)put/lay the blame(for sth．)on sb．/sth．(把某事)归咎于某人/某事
take/bear the blame for＝be responsible for承担(对坏事应负的)责任
温馨提示
表示某人该受责备时，常用主动形式sb． be to blame表示被动意义。
巧学助记
blame
Don't always blame your own failure on others． (That is, don't always blame others for your own failure．) Sometimes you yourself are to blame．
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时怪你自己。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①She blamed her husband__for__the failure of their marriage．
＝She blamed the failure of their marriage__on__her husband．
②It was the professor rather than his assistant that was __to blame__ (blame) for what had happened in the lab．
③(全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame __on__ the alarm clock．
提能—一句多译。
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
④Alice was in low spirits __because she was blamed for__ the breakdown of the school computer network．(状语从句)
⑤__Blamed for__ the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits． (分词作状语)
6．contribute vt．& vi．捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
词汇拓展
contribution n．贡献，捐献；稿件
用法归纳
(1)contribute．．．to．．．为……捐献……；投稿
contribute to有助于；促进；导致；对……做贡献
(2)make a contribution/contributions to/towards．．．为……做出贡献
名师点津
表示“引起，导致；有助于”的词语还有result in, bring about, lead to, cause等。
巧学助记
Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school． A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to China Daily．
许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投给了《中国日报》。
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中contribute to的含义。
①If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline．
__投稿__
②(2019·浙江卷)“Many factors contributed to the decline”， said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study．
__促进，有助于__
③Eating too much fat contributes to heart disease and causes high blood pressure．
__导致__
夯基—单句改错。
④In a word, everyone should make contributions to protect the environment．
__protect→protecting__
提能—单句写作。
⑤(2018·北京卷书面表达)In conclusion, I was proud of __making great contributions to spreading Chinese culture__．
总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。
7．put forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
归纳拓展
put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away放好；积蓄
put off延期；推迟
put on weight增重；发福
put out扑灭
put down写下；记下
put up举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with容忍；忍受
巧学助记

层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中put forward的含义。
①(天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant．
__提出__
②You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes．
__拨快__
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week．
__将……提前__
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We don't have any idea who put grandma forward．
__推荐；提名__
提能—用put短语填空。
⑤I can __put up with__ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean．
⑥Encourage children to __put aside__ some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents．
⑦First he opened a shop and then he __put up__ a sign outside the shop to attract customers．
⑧(2020·天津卷)We can't __put off__ buying a new printer for our company． The one we have doesn't work．
8．make sense讲得通；有意义
归纳拓展
(1)make no sense没道理；没意义
make sense of理解；明白
(2)a sense of humor/duty/beauty/direction/responsibility/success幽默感/责任感/美感/方向感/责任感/成就感
common sense常识
in a/one sense在某种意义上；在一定程度上
in no sense决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
There is no sense/point in doing sth．做某事无意义
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①__In__ a sense, it is these passengers that are to blame for the accident．
②There are so many new words in the passage that I can hardly make any sense __of__ them at all．
提能—完成句子。
③(天津卷)See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't __make sense__ to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars．
瞧！你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点而买最便宜牌子的电脑毫无意义可言。
提能—单句写作。
④你决不应该灰心丧气；继续努力，你迟早会成功的。
__In no sense should you lose heart__;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later．
9．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood．
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
neither．．．nor．．．既不……也不……。
归纳拓展
(1)neither．．．nor．．．既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either．．．or．．．不是……就是……
not only．．．but also．．．不仅……而且……
not．．．but．．．不是……而是……
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①To be honest, I __neither__ knew nor cared what had happened to him．
②Last year, neither the experts nor the physician __was__ (be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease．
③Not only the teacher but also the students __were__ (be) instructed not to be exposed to the sun for a long time last summer．
④Either you or one of your students __is__ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow．
提能—句式升级。
⑤The teacher is not content with the result． The students are not content with the result either．
→__Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result．__

高效演练·素能提升
GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying __connected__(connect)．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。stay connected是“stay＋形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。
2．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras__returned__(return) to our shop for quality problems．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来