2021年高考英语二轮复习-动词的时态和语态语法突破训练.docx

2021年高考英语二轮复习 动词的时态和语态语法突破训练

2021年高考英语二轮复习 动词的时态和语态语法突破训练

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动词的时态和语态
各种时态与语态的构成

现在
过去
将来
过去将来
主动
被动
主动
被动
主动
被动
主动
被动
一般
do/does
am/is/are done
did
was/were done
shall/ will do
shall/will be done
should/ would do
should/would be done
进行
am/is/ are doing
am/is/are being done
was/were doing
was/were being done
shall/will be doing
shall/will be being done
should/would be doing
should/would be being done
完成
has/ have done
has/have been done
had done
had been done
shall/will have done
shall/will have been done
should/would have done
should/would have been done
完成
进行
has/have been doing
\
had been doing
\
shall/will have been doing
\
should/would have been doing
\

动词过去式的变化规则
一般情况在动词后加­ed
work→worked　 play→played
want→wanted
以­e结尾的动词后加­d
hope→hoped like→liked
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed
study→studied try→tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed
stop→stopped prefer→preferred
admit→admitted permit→permitted

动词第三人称单数的变化规则
一般情况直接加­s
work→works　 get→gets
say→says　　 read→reads
结尾为­s, ­x, ­sh, ­ch或­o，在词尾加­es
discuss→discusses wash→washes
fix→fixes 　 go→goes
teach→teaches[来源:学科网]
结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加­es
carry→carries　 study→studies
try→tries　 fly→flies cry→cries

动词现在分词的变化规则
一般情况在词尾直接加­ing
work→working study→studying
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加­ing
write→writing take→taking face→facing
“辅音＋元音＋辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母，再加­ing
cut→cutting begin→beginning
swim→swimming run→running
put→putting plan→planning
stop→stopping
以­ie结尾的动词，变­ie为y再加­ing
lie→lying　 die→dying

各种时态的用法
考点一一般时态
一.一般现在时
1.表示现在的情况、状态或特征。
例：He is a professor. 他是一个教授。
2.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。
例：On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
3.客观事实和普遍真理。
例：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4.表示按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
5.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将的来事情。（即：主将从现原则）
例：I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport. 我一到机场就会给你打电话。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.
等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.
这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
二.一般过去时[来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:Zxxk.Com]
1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。
例：—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just started on Monday.
—你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一才开始住在这儿。
2．有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词：know, think, expect, want等。
例：Edward, you play so well. But I didn’t know you played the piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
三.一般将来时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
例：The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
—What time is it?
—几点了？
—I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you.
—我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visitBeijing this summer.
史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子与女儿们一起游览北京。
3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
例：You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.
到10点你必须得交上试卷。
A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
会议将于今天下午3点举行。
4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可与并列连词when(＝and at this/that time)引导的分句连用。
例：Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
考点二进行时态
一．现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
例：We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
我们今天正面对一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们要如何运用它。
2．表示位置转移的动词(词组)，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
例：Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前采取行动。
3. 延续性动词用于有将来的时间状语或有将来语境的句子中，也可以表示将来。
例：I am travelling next month. 下个月我要去旅行。
4. 现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
例：He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。（褒义）
二．过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
例：Susan had quit her well－paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年我去探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。
例：Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]
三．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
例：Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议，因为那个时间段她正在教课。
现在完成时
1.表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。
例：I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。
2.表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。
考点三完成时态
一、现在完成时
1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。
例：China’s high－speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years.
在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9 000公里增长到25 000公里。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点；for＋时间段等。
例：—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
—我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴家。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry, I haven’t played the piano for years.
—抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
4.在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
例：Will you come to my office when you have finished your work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
二、过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
例：When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn’t seen for years.
当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
当杰克从英格兰回到家中时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time＋从句等。
例：It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.
很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我所做的一切。
3．表示“愿望，打算”的动词(hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
例：I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去拜访你，但是来了一位不速之客。
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It/That is the first/...time＋that sb. has/have done sth.；
This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb. had done sth.这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It/This is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb. did；
It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb. had done sth.自从……以来多久了。
(4)hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than...(一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

考点四完成进行时
考纲对完成进行时要求考生掌握的是现在完成进行时。
1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常用的时间状语：all this morning, this month, these few days, since和for引导的状语从句等。
例：The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 a．m.
从上午九点开始，经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。
2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
例：The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报的。

考点五被动语态的用法
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
二、被动语态基本用法
被动语态的使用场合：1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者；2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。
例：A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
这周我的洗衣机正在维修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。　
三、主动形式表示被动意义
1．当系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等＋形容词/名词构成系表结构时，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例：This kind of wool shirt feels soft. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
2．当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
例：Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.　你买最近销量很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空根据句意和结构，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. At a young age，he________(move) to Spain and now plays professionally for the FC Barcelona.
2.It ________(rain) at that time and the streets were full of holes which were full of water.
3.I just graduated from West Coast University.I________(receive) jobs kill training just before that，but I had never worked.
4. The full railway， which includes 72-kilometer section through Beijing________ (complete) in four and a half years.
5. We ________(reduce) emission of air pollutants in recent years， but cars are still major source of them.
6.It's fun for amateurs to try， but to become good at it， not only years of practice but also natural talent________ (need) .
7. The beauty of the views couldn't (imagine) and they left me with many great memories.
8.It was the fourth time she (shop) online for hours.I had already reminded her to think twice before buying anything,but my wife ignored what I had said.
9.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also________(give) us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
10.The reason for this is that Britain's supermarkets________ (experience) huge changes in the past decades.
11. The museum________ (become) a hit since it opened at the end of October.
12.This was the first time I (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
13.It has been along time since we (meet) in China last time.
14.Mr White (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.
15.Besides high-speed rail，China ________(improve) people's lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]
16.Since Zhangjiajie ________(improve) its transportation and service for long，the city now can receive 36,200 tourists per day.
17.I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you________(feel) better.”
18.The orchid(兰花) is well-known for its delicate smell. Beautiful articles and poems________(call) “lanzhang” by Chinese people in ancient times.
19. “It will also improve cultural exchanges”, Zhang added “Lanzhou people would like to work with friends at home and abroad to promote the development of cooking and we sincerely hope more cultural exchanges of this kind________(hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.”
20.Hotpot restaurants can________(find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the quality and taste can vary hugely.
21.The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the original Song painting and one of its famous copies一the Qing version ________(hold) in the National Palace Muse-um in Taipei.
22.The Silk Road was a passage for the transportation of silk in ancient times. Lots of relics on the road can still________ (see) now.
23.Hans' idea________ (praise) and many reporters wrote a-bout it.Therefore, Hans' products quickly became famous.
24.One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he________ (bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly.
25.Now, I'd like to share what I ________(learn) through Travel-ling Guide a few weeks ago.
26.According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools.Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also________(express) their great concern about it.
27.In the spring of the following year they make the long and tiring journey back to Britain.They get ________(settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they left the previous autumn.
28.Doctors and scientists________ (learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years，
29.There are many different taboos(禁忌) around the world.A taboo is a social action that is not ________(allow) .
30.The market, which ________(call) Train Night Market Rat chad a in English，was opened in January 2015 and has become a popular spot for locals and tourists.
31.By that time, she ________(accept) by Yale University and Harvard University in the U.S.
32. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan________(carry) out in the past two years.

II.单句改错
1.The Spring Festival is approaching and many students want to go travelling .But I had made up my mind not to go anywhere. The reasons are as follows.
2.There are many different types of Chinese.For example, one type known as Mandarin,had almost a billion speakers.
3. I am remember the first time my parents and I talked about my dream of becoming a writer.
4.At last, Xiao Ming was saved but the young man left without saying anything.We were all deeply moved by what he have done.
5.Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai，which was more than 1,500meters above sea level.
6.Third, we should take more exercise to keep healthy.what's more, we'd better review what we had learned at school.
7.I finally realized that something necessary had to done.It was time for a change.
8.This will give me a head start on the day.I have also been decided to keep a record of what I do and when I do it.
9.In the reply, the school promise to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have a strong belief in life.
10.They laughed out happily when they read the short story I write about robots.
11.Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada.
12.Finally, I work harder than ever and made great progress in my math.
13.Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday.When we were walking past the stalls, a loud noise was caught my attention.
14.What's more, thousands of tourists from the word came here every year, which is really splendid.
15.Today I’ve got wonderful news to tell you. I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance.
16.To collect to opinions from the public, an online survey has made these days.
17.By June the students