2021届高考英语二轮复习-强化练完形填空—说明文专练.doc

2021届高考英语二轮复习 强化练完形填空—说明文专练

2021届高考英语二轮复习 强化练完形填空—说明文专练

年级：
姓名：

强化练(十五)　完形填空——说明文专练
Test 1
The victims were carried in one by one，their paws and fur burned，suffering from dehydration(脱水)and fear.Their caretakers __1__ their wounds，and __2__ them in baskets with the only thing that was __3__—the leaves of the eucalyptus (桉树)tree.As miserable fires have __4__ more than 2 million acres in Australia，only dozens of koalas have been __5__ from the smoky trees and __6__ ground.
Koalas，unlike kangaroos，birds or snakes，do not __7__ from fires but instead climb trees to the top，where they can curl themselves into a ball for __8__ and wait for the danger to __9__．
But during big fires，such as those that have burned in recent weeks，the animals are far less likely to __10__．Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree __11__，the animals may overheat and fall to the ground，where they can be burned to death.
The tough situation of the koala has raised __12__ among scientists and conservationists(环保主义者)．While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires，they are facing new __13__，not just from climate change but also from human development，which has dislocated koalas' populations，__14__ their ability to survive fires.
We have these __15__ animals not found anywhere else on this planet，and we are killing them.This is a big wake­up call.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚森林大火对考拉以及其生存环境所造成的影响。
1．A.touched　　　　　　　 B．bandaged
C．ignored D．discovered
解析：根据首句“The victims were carried in one by one，their paws and fur burned...”以及设空前的caretakers可以推断，护理人员们会为它们包扎伤口。bandage在此处表示“用绷带包扎”。
答案：B
2．A.threw B．locked
C．laid D．forced
解析：结合句意以及设空后的in baskets可知，护理人员们为它们包扎伤口，把它们放在篮子里。laid为lay的过去式，意为“搁，放置”。
答案：C
3．A.familiar B．plentiful
C．beautiful D．expensive
解析：上文提到考拉被救助，结合语境和常识可知，篮子里放的桉树叶应该是考拉熟悉的事物。familiar“熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的”；plentiful“大量的，充足的，丰富的”；expensive“昂贵的，花钱多的”。
答案：A
4．A.reached B．left
C．burned D．trapped
解析：根据首句中的burned，以及下文的smoky trees可知，大火烧毁了大片的森林。reach“达到，增加到”；burn“烧坏，烧伤，烧死”；trap“卡住，夹住，绊住”。
答案：C
5．A.killed B．recognized
C．hurt D．rescued
解析：根据第二段描述的内容可知，考拉只会爬到树顶，将身体蜷缩成球状，故大火会造成很多考拉丧生，只有少数被救。故选D。
答案：D
6．A.flat B．black
C．broad D．safe
解析：根据上文出现的burned、miserable fires以及smoky trees可知，火势凶猛，故地面也被烧得发黑。故选B。
答案：B
7．A.escape B．die
C．suffer D．rise
解析：根据设空前的unlike kangaroos，birds or snakes以及设空后的climb trees to the top可知，考拉不像袋鼠、鸟、蛇一样，能够从大火中逃脱。escape“逃跑，逃走，逃出”。
答案：A
8．A.balance B．protection
C．challenge D．comfort
解析：根据语境可知，在大火中，考拉爬到树顶，将身体蜷缩成球状以保护自己。balance“均衡，平衡，均势”；protection“保护，防卫”；challenge“挑战”；comfort“舒服，安慰，慰藉”。
答案：B
9．A.attack B．come
C．pass D．avoid
解析：面对危险境地，考拉无能为力，只能等着危险过去。pass在此处表示“结束，完结”，符合语境。
答案：C
10．A.jump B．climb
C．fall D．survive
解析：根据设空前的have burned in recent weeks以及下文的“the animals may overheat and fall to the ground，where they can be burned to death”可知，这些动物很难存活下来。jump“跳，跳跃”；climb“攀登，爬”；fall“落下，跌倒”；survive“生存，存活”。
答案：D
11．A.top B．leave
C．trunk D．root
解析：根据第二段中的climb trees to the top可知，此处表示即使大火不会烧到树顶，考拉也会受到地面大火的烘烤，甚至掉到地上从而被烧死。
答案：A
12．A.passion B．concern
C．fear D．interest
解析：结合语境以及设空前的tough situation，设空后的scientists and conservationists 可知，考拉面临的形势很严峻，科学家和环保主义者对此非常担心。passion“激情”；concern“担心，忧虑”；fear “害怕，惧怕”；interest “兴趣”。
答案：B
13．A.chances B．choices
C．neighbors D．threats
解析：根据设空后的not just from climate change but also from human development可知，考拉不仅面临环境变化的影响，也面临着人类发展带来的威胁。也就是说除了野火，考拉正面临新的威胁。threat“威胁”。
答案：D
14．A.weakening B．developing
C．enriching D．ensuring
解析：根据上文可知，气候变化和人类发展扰乱了考拉的种群，削弱了它们在大火中的生存能力。weaken“削弱，减弱”；develop“(使)成长，发展”；enrich “使丰富，充实”；ensure “确保，保证”。
答案：A
15．A.lonely B．stupid
C．lazy D．unique
解析：根据设空后的not found anywhere else on this planet以及常识可知，考拉为澳大利亚独有的动物，unique意为“独一无二的”，符合语境。
答案：D
Test 2
The color of Mekong River has changed recently—from yellowish­brown to sky­blue.Experts say it could be a(n)__1__ sign.
Beginning high in the mountains of Qinghai，the river __2__ a distance of about 4，300 km，flows through six countries，and eventually __3__ the South China Sea.It's normally yellowish­brown due to sediment(沉积物)it __4__．But recent reports say it's been running clear，__5__ a color like that of the sky.The water levels also become __6__，creating raised areas of sand that __7__ people to stand in the middle of the river.Experts believe dams built along Mekong River should get the __8__ for the changes.Critics say much sediment is __9__ by them when flowing down the river.
That __10__ affects fishermen and farmers.Many farmers lack water；fishermen have to __11__ their fishing equipment.“Plants and fishes are disappearing；we could sense the river loses its __12__．But that's nothing like effects from dams，” a fisherman said.“The water levels used to be much higher in the rainy September.I can't imagine how __13__ it could be for us at dry seasons.” But experts in Thailand say the __14__ of sediment represents a different __15__，one that can lead to greater erosion (侵蚀)of the river's banks and beds.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。湄公河近来河水的颜色发生了变化，文章主要介绍湄公河河水从黄棕色变为天蓝色的原因及其影响。
1．A.disturbing B．impressive
C．confusing D．positive
解析：根据下文对引起这种变化的原因和有可能导致的不良后果的介绍可知，河水颜色的变化是一个令人担忧的迹象。disturbing“令人不安的，使人震惊的”。
答案：A
2．A.contains B．maintains
C．covers D．extends
解析：此处是对湄公河的介绍，这条河长约4 300千米。此处cover意为“行走(一段路程)”。contain“包含，容纳”；maintain“保持，维持”；extend“延伸，扩大”。
答案：C
3．A.develops B．joins
C．leaves D．combines
解析：这条河最终汇入中国南海。此处join意为“(道路、河流等)结合，汇合”。
答案：B
4．A.raises B．drops
C．slides D．carries
解析：根据语境可知，湄公河通常是黄褐色的，这是由它携带的沉积物引起的。raise“引起，导致，提升”；drop“下降，推动”；slide“(使)滑行，(使)滑动”；carry“承载，载运，携带”。
答案：D
5．A.belonging to B．consisting of
C．taking on D．making up
解析：根据第一段的from yellowish­brown to sky­blue可知，河水变得清澈了，呈现出像天空一样的颜色。belong to“属于”；consist of“由……构成，由……组成”；take on“开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)，呈现，露出”；make up“编造，准备”。
答案：C
6．A.missing B．invisible
C．complex D．low
解析：根据下文的creating raised areas of sand可知，河水水位变低。最后一段的“The water levels used to be much higher...”也是暗示。
答案：D
7．A.inspire B．enable
C．forbid D．require
解析：水位变低，形成了沙丘，人们可以站在河中央。inspire“激励，鼓舞”；enable“使能够，使有机会”；forbid“妨碍，阻碍，阻止”；require“要求，规定”。
答案：B
8．A.explanation B．blame
C．reason D．application
解析：根据下文的“But that's nothing like effects from dams”可知，专家们将变化归咎于沿着湄公河修建的水坝。blame意为“责任，责备，指责”。
答案：B
9．A.produced B．restored
C．polluted D．blocked
解析：根据上文提到的河水变色可知，此处表示批评人士说，大坝阻止了沉积物顺着河流流下。block意为“堵塞，阻塞，堵住(某人的路等)”。produce“生产，制造”；restore“修复，整修”；pollute“污染”。
答案：D
10．A.constantly B．regularly
C．seemingly D．obviously
解析：根据上文提到的水位变低以及下文的“Many farmers lack water；fishermen...their fishing equipment.”可知，湄公河的这一变化明显影响了渔民和农民。constantly “持续不断地，经常地”；regularly“经常，定期地”；seemingly“看上去，表面上，外观上”；obviously “明显地，显而易见地”。
答案：D
11．A.abandon B．update
C．purchase D．repair
解析：低水位给渔民和农民带来了麻烦，农民缺水灌溉，渔民也因无鱼可捕，不得不舍弃渔具。abandon“(不得已而)舍弃，丢弃”；update“使现代化，更新”；purchase“购买，采购”。
答案：A
12．A.diversity B．influence
C．cleanliness D．structure
解析：根据空前的“Plants and fishes are disappearing”可知，湄公河失去了它的多样性。diversity“差异性，多样性”。
答案：A
13．A.meaningful B．precious
C．tough D．convenient
解析：结合上文内容可知，此处表示在多雨的九月，水位远不应该这么低。我无法想象在旱季时，渔民的生活会变得多么困难。tough“艰苦的，艰难的”。
答案：C
14．A.transformation B．decrease
C．source D．damage
解析：根据前文信息“It's normally yellowish­brown due to sediment”和常识可判断，河水变清澈是沉积物减少造成的。decrease“减少，降低”。
答案：B
15．A.benefit B．change
C．threat D．solution
解析：根据空后的“one that can lead to greater erosion of the river's banks and beds”可知，低水位显然给渔民和农民带来了麻烦。但是泰国的专家说，沉积物减少意味着另一种威胁，它可能导致河岸和河底的侵蚀加剧。
答案：C
Test 3
Most dogs have an easy life in the US.They eat，play，get attention from their __1__ and sleep.But some dogs work hard.They are called guide dogs.Guide dogs help __2__ people move from place to place safely.
Guide dogs and their owners are a team.Guide dogs don't lead the owners，and their owners don't __3__ control the guide dogs.They work together.The guide dogs don't know where the owners want to go，so they __4__ the owners' instructions.The owners can't see the obstacles(障碍物)along the way，so the dogs make decisions for the __5__ of the owners.Guide dogs stop at all crossroads before __6__ a street.They don't see color，so they don't know if the light is red or green.The owners decide if it is time to cross the street by listening to the sound of __7__．The dogs help the owners get on a bus or train.They learn to __8__ many tasks.
Most guide dogs are very intelligent and friendly.A guide dog needs to work __9__ distraction(分心)in noisy places，bad weather，crowds of people，and __10__ situations.When you see a guide dog，it is important that you __11__ that the dog needs to focus on its job.Don't pat or talk to the dog.Guiding is very difficult，and it requires a dog's full __12__．
Guide dog training lasts about five months.Only about 72 percent of dogs that enter the training program “graduate”．Those who graduate bring their owners valuable __13__ and love.In other dog training programs，trainers use food as a reward.In guide dog training，the trainers don't use food.They use physical affection(爱抚)．This is __14__ a guide dog sometimes takes the owner to a restaurant.It must lie __15__ at the owner's feet without wanting to eat.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了导盲犬会完成很多任务，在工作中需要集中全部注意力。导盲犬的训练和其他狗的训练也是不一样的。
1．A.owners B．receivers
C．agents D．companions
解析：句意：他们吃、玩耍、从主人那里得到关注、睡觉。owner“主人，所有者”；receiver“接收者”；agent“代理人，经纪人”；companion“同伴，伙伴”。
答案：A
2．A.annoyed B．blind
C．numb D．deaf
解析：导盲犬应该是帮助盲人的。annoyed “恼怒的”；blind “失明的”；numb“麻木的，失去知觉的”；deaf “聋的”。
答案：B
3．A.obviously B．exactly
C．completely D．immediately
解析：根据后文可知，导盲犬不能带领主人，主人也不能完全控制导盲犬，他们一起工作，是一个团队。obviously “显然地，明显地”；exactly “确切地”；completely“完全地，彻底地”；immediately“立刻，马上”。
答案：C
4．A.follow B．reflect
C．desire D．contradict
解析：导盲犬不知道主人要去哪里，所以它们要听从主人的指示。follow one's instructions“听从某人的指示”。reflect“反映，反射”；desire“渴望，想要”；contradict“反驳”。
答案：A
5．A.preference B．conduct
C．comfort D．safety
解析：主人看不到路上的障碍物，为了主人的安全，导盲犬做出相应的决定。preference“偏爱”；conduct “行为”；comfort “安慰”；safety“安全”。
答案：D
6．A.crossing B．observing
C．diving D．leaving
解析：在穿过马路之前，导盲犬在十字路口停下来。cross“穿过”；observe“观察”；dive“潜水”；leave“离开”。
答案：A
7．A.music B．dogs
C．traffic D．steps
解析：导盲犬不能分辨颜色，所以它们不知道交通信号灯是红色的还是绿色的。主人通过听车辆的声音来辨别是否可以过马路。music“音乐”；dog “狗”；traffic “交通，车辆”；step “步伐，脚步声”。
答案：C
8．A.leave alone B．dry out
C．set aside D．carry out
解析：它们学会执行许多任务。leave alone “不管”；dry out “(使)变干”；set aside“放在一边，省出”；carry out “执行”。
答案：D
9．A.beyond B．against
C．over D．without
解析：导盲犬需要在一些吵闹的地方、坏天气下、人群中和困难的情况下工作，不能分心。beyond “超出，超过”；against “反对”；over “超过，在上面”；without “没有”。
答案：D
10．A.pleasant B．simple
C．difficult D．awful
解析：解析见上一题。pleasant“令人愉快的”；simple“简单的”；difficult“困难的”；awful“难受的”。
答案：C
11．A.recognize B．declare
C．recommend D．distribute
解析：根据下文“Don't pat or talk to the dog.”可知，导盲犬工作时，你要意识到它需要专注于它的工作。recognize“认出，识别”；declare“宣布”；recommend “推荐”；distribute “分发，分销”。
答案：A
12．A.attention B．dignity
C．enterprise D．concept
解析：给人领路是很困难的，并且它需要狗的全部注意力。attention“注意，关注”；dignity“尊严，高贵”；enterprise “事业”；concept “概念”。
答案：A
13．A.bonus B．certificate
C．relationship D．help
解析：那些训练毕业的导盲犬带给它们的主人珍贵的帮助和爱。bonus“红利，奖金”；certificate“证书”；relationship “关系”；help “帮助”。
答案：D
14．A.when B．because
C．why D．how
解析：这是因为导盲犬有时带主人去餐厅。when“当……时候”；because“因为”；why “为什么”；how “如何，怎么样”。
答案：B
15．A.quickly B．carefully
C．patiently D．gently
解析：它必须耐心地躺在主人脚边，而不吃东西。quickly“迅速地”；carefully“仔细地”；patiently “耐心地”；gently “温柔地”。
答案：C