河南省信阳高级中学2020-2021学年高一英语下学期开学考试试题.doc

河南省信阳高级中学2020-2021学年高一英语下学期开学考试试题

河南省信阳高级中学2020-2021学年高一英语下学期开学考试试题

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河南省信阳高级中学2020-2021学年高一英语下学期开学考试试题（含解析）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节：每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Using Google's unique digital(数字的)technology, the stories of some English Heritage(遗产)sites around the country-from Tintagel Castle in Cornwall to Chesters Roman Fort on Hadrian's Wall-are brought to life and shared by way of the Google Arts & Culture platform.

Stonehenge Skyscape
English Heritage's Stonehenge Skyscape enables people around the world to experience the skies above the stone circle, to learn about movements of the sun, moon and planets. Experience a live and special sunrise over Stonehenge, see the journey of the stars and the moon from within the stone circle and learn more about the design of Stonehenge and how its builders may have understood their place in the universe.

Osborne, Isle of Wight
Take a 360 video tour of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's palatial(豪华的)holiday home on the Isle of Wight in the company of English Heritage director Michael Hunter, including the Italian terraces(露台)with views over the Solent, which reminded Prince Albert of the Bay of Naples, and the Indian-inspired Durbar Room, designed to show Queen Victoria's position as Empress of India.

Audley End House and Gardens, Essex
Explore the story of one of the greatest houses of early 17th-century England, deep in the heart of the Essex countryside, and fly over the great formal gardens designed by Capability Brown.

Tintagel Castle, Cornwall
Explore this medieval(中世纪的)castle set high on Cornwall's north coast. Linked with the legend of King Arthur, for centuries this impressive castle and coastline has inspired the imaginations of writers, artists and even the brother of a king. Discover the Early Medieval history of a distant outpost(哨站)trading objects from Spain, North Africa and Turkey.

1. Which heritage can you choose if you are interested in a unique sunrise?
A. Stonehenge Skyscape. B. Osborne, Isle of Wight.
C. Audley End House and Gardens, Essex. D. Tintagel Castle, Cornwall.
2. What do Osborne and Tintagel Castle have in common?
A. Both were built for their kings.
B. Both were built in the same age.
C. Both are related to previous rulers.
D. Both are palatial holiday homes for the rulers.
3. In which part of a website can you read the text?
A. History. B. Travel.
C. Geography. D. Culture.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。利用谷歌独特的数字技术，全国各地一些英国遗址的故事都通过谷歌艺术与文化平台生动呈现和分享。文章介绍了在谷歌网站上关于英国国内的几个历史文化遗址的详细情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一幅图中的“Experience a live and special sunrise over Stonehenge（在巨石阵上体验一次生动而特别的日出）”可知，如果你对独特的日出感兴趣，可以选择巨石空景图。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二幅图中“which reminded Prince Albert of the Bay of Naples, and the Indian-inspired Durbar Room, designed to show Queen Victoria's position as Empress of India.（这让阿尔伯特王子想起了那不勒斯湾和印度风格的杜巴厅，杜巴厅旨在展示维多利亚女王作为印度女皇的地位。）”可知Osborne与印度的统治者维多利亚女王有关；由第四幅图中“Linked with the legend of King Arthur（与亚瑟王的传说有关）”可知，King Castle与King Arthur（亚瑟王）有关，而亚瑟王是英格兰传说中的国王。由以上两个细节可以总结出，Osborne 和Tintagel Castle的共同之处就是都与以前的统治者有关，故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。”利用谷歌独特的数字技术，全国各地一些英国遗址的故事都通过谷歌艺术与文化平台生动呈现和分享。文章介绍了在谷歌网站上关于英国国内的几个历史文化遗址的详细情况。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“by way of the Google Arts & Culture platform（通过谷歌艺术文化平台）。由此判断出该文章内容会出现在网站上关于文化的部分。故选D项。

B
About six years ago, I was sitting on a plane next to a woman who was extremely energetic. I was tired and wanted to take a nap, but she tapped me on the shoulder to introduce herself.
"Hi, my name is Helga."
As we talked, it came up that I had started an organization in high school called R.A.K.E. (Random Acts of Kindness, Etc.). As I described what we did, Helga got very serious and said to me, "There is nothing more important in the world than kindness."
I was curious about what she had said, and as the plane took off. she began telling me a story about the last time she had flown.
It was three years ago and she was heading back to her hometown because her father had become very ill.
Just as the plane was about to leave, her father's doctor called to inform her that her father had suddenly passed away. For the three hour plane ride, she sat in stunned(受惊的) silence,.
When she arrived at the airport in her hometown, she walked to the nearest bench(长椅),sat down and cried.
For two hours, she sat and wept while thousands of people just walked on by.
"Not a single person stopped and asked if I was OK that day. It was on that day that I realized kindness isn't normal. "
Helga's words have stuck with me for all these years. I'm reminded all the time that for many of us, kindness is not usually our "default setting (默认设置)".
We spend so much time worrying about our own problems that we walk by or ignore other people in need of a bit of kindness.
So, I've made it my mission to do my part in making kindness "normal".
Now, I travel to schools all across the US to speak about compassion(同情),empathy(同感),and love.
I' m proud to share my stories with students, teachers, and parents about our need for character, compassion, and kindness.
Providing young people with practical ways to exercise kindness makes my job more satisfying than any other I can think of.
And when I give my talks, I always have my conversation with Helga in the back of my mind.
4. We can know from the first four paragraphs that the author___________.
A. was always eager to make friends B. was angry to be disturbed by Helga
C. found Helga a very serious person D. was interested in Helga's story
5. During Helga's trip to her hometown, she___________.
A. couldn't help but cry on the flight B. blamed the doctor for not calling her earlier
C. came to realize the value of kindness D. received help from passengers beside her
6. How did Helga' s story influence the author?
A. He found a better way to exercise kindness.
B. He realized that most people were nice and kind.
C. He realized the importance of using stories in speech.
D. He began teaching others about kindness and found it rewarding.
7. The author wrote this article mainly to___________.
A. show why kindness isn't normal. B. explain how he developed his kindness career
C. give advice on how to practice kindness D. share a touching story about kindness
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了六年前作者在飞机上与Helga的一次谈话一直留在他心中，在此谈话影响下，他开始了现在的事业——通过演讲推广善行。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据前四段可知,作者在飞机上一开始打算睡一会儿，但是Helga主动和他聊天，作者和她聊到自己曾经创建的R.A.K.E组织时，Helga 说"There is nothing more important in the world than kindness"，而作者此时was curious about what she had said(对她的话很好奇)，由此可见，作者对Helga的故事很感兴趣。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五、六、七、八段可知，Helga 在回家路上没有人停下来去询问和关心她，再根据第九段中Helga说的"It was on that day that I realized kindness isn't normal"，可知在她意识到了善行在世界上并不是很常见，因此更意识到善行的宝贵。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后七段内容可知，作者一直记着Helga的话，并且努力想要使善行变得更常见。作者通过到各地学校做演讲，让学生、老师和家长们意识到我们对善行的需要，并给年轻人提供一些去实践善行的方法。而作者自己也认为自己的工作非常"satisfying (令人满意的)"。故选D。
【7题详解】
写作目的题。文章先从六年前作者在飞机上与人的一次谈话说起，接着说这次谈话一直留在他心中，因此他开始了现在的事业——通过演讲推广善行。所以整篇文章是在讲述作者是如何开始了自己的"kindness career"。故选B。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据最后七段内容可知，作者一直记着Helga的话，并且努力想要使善行变得更常见。作者通过到各地学校做演讲，让学生、老师和家长们意识到我们对善行的需要，并给年轻人提供一些去实践善行的方法。而作者自己也认为自己的工作非常"satisfying (令人满意的)"。故选D。

C
We recognize our friends’ faces. And we’re not alone. Many social animals can identify individuals of their own species by features of their faces. That's important, because they need to be able to change their behavior depending on who they meet. And a recent research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated (家养的) animals can even tell different faces apart by looking at photographs alone.
Ethologist Léa Lansade of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment did an experiment to find out how well horses can recognize individual people in photographs.
She and her team first taught the horses how to “choose” between two side-by-side pictures by touching their noses to a computer screen. The horses were then shown photos of their present keeper alongside faces of unfamiliar humans. They had never seen photos of any of the people before. The horses correctly identified their current keeper and ignored (忽视) the stranger’s face about 75%of the time. In fact, even though the horses didn't get it right every single time, they were at least as correct in picking out their earlier keeper as they were at identifying their present one.
The results suggest that not only can horses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they also naturally understand that photographs are two dimensional representations (二维呈现) of real life, without any other intimations such as smell or sound. And they’re even better at this than our oldest animal parter, the domestic dog.
In addition horses seem to have a strong long-term memory for human faces, like their long lifespan and history of domestication. In future experiments, the researchers would like to test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause horses to act anxious or even avoidance. So maybe think twice before doing anything that might give a horse a long face.
8. Why did researchers show the horses both the keeper’s photos and the strangers’?
A. To find out what horses would do in the experiment.
B. To see why horses could recognize the keeper in the pictures.
C. To test whether horses could recognize the strangers in pictures.
D. To study to what degree horses can make out different people in pictures.
9. What does the underlined word “intimations” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Clues. B. Differences.
C. Photographs. D. Senses.
10. What are researchers still uncertain about?
A. Whether horses can live longer than other animals.
B. Whether horses can remember human's faces for a long time.
C. Whether horses can show their emotions at the sight of photos.
D. Whether horses are better at recognizing photos than other animals.
11. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To talk about animals’ species.
B To explain animals’ facial features.
C. To show animals’ behaviour for adaptation.
D. To introduce animals’ ability to identifying faces.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章以马为例做了面孔识别能力实验，主要探究动物能否像人类一样“识别”人脸。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The horses correctly identified their current keeper and ignored (忽视) the stranger’s face about 75% of the time.(在75%的情况下，这些马能正确识别出它们现在的主人，并忽略陌生人的脸)”可知，科学家通过这种方式来验证马能否识别熟脸。由此可知，研究人员给马看饲养员和陌生人的照片是为了研究马能在多大程度上分辨出照片中的不同人。故选D项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“The results suggest that not only can horses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they also naturally understand that photographs are two dimensional representations of real life, without any other intimations such as smell or sound.(结果表明，马不仅能区分熟悉和不熟悉的人脸，它们还能很自然地理解照片是真实生活的二维表征，没有任何其他intimations，如气味或声音)”可知，马仅仅通过脸相，而不是气味、声音等“线索、依据”来识别。由此推知，划线词intimations与clues意思接近。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“In future experiments, the researchers would like to test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause horses to act anxious or even avoidance. (在未来的实验中，研究人员想测试一下，看过去有过不好经历的人的照片是否会导致马表现出焦虑甚至回避)”可推知，马是否能表达感情，研究者还不确定。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“We recognize our friends’ faces. And we’re not alone. Many social animals can identify individuals of their own species by features of their faces. That's important, because they need to be able to change their behavior depending on who they meet. And a recent research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated (家养) animals can even tell different faces apart by looking at photographs alone.(我们识别得了朋友的脸。但并不是只有我们（人类）可以做到。许多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别同类。这很重要，因为他们需要能够根据他们遇到的人改变他们的行为。最近的一项研究表明，一些种类的猴子、鸟类和家养动物甚至可以通过单独看照片来区分不同的面孔)”可知，有一些动物可以识别不同的面孔，结合下文内容描写马的面孔识别实验可知，本文主要是介绍动物识别面孔的能力。故选D项。

D
American children are still eating lots of fast food---and in spite of restaurants’ promises of healthy options, most kids are sticking with fries over salads. Some infamous chains like McDonald’s and Wendy’s have promised to offer healthier options on their kid’s menus, but they aren’t all sticking it, according to a report from the Rudd Center.
In fact, nearly all parents are buying their kids at least one fast food meal a week. Healthy fruits and vegetables may be all the rage among adults, but busy parents still choose quick meals for themselves and their kids. It doesn’t look like fast food is going away any time soon.
Scientists at the Rudd Center surveyed about 800 parents in 2010, then again in 2013 and 2016. Things have not improved much over the years. Of the vast majority of parents who had made a trip to McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s or Subway in the last week, 74% ordered an unhealthy side or drink. The older the children, the more likely their parents were to choose fries instead of a fruit, or a similar less healthy menu item. And about 35% of parents ordered regular adult menu items for their 2 to 11--year-old children, meaning these kids were often getting larger, less nutritious lunches and dinners.
Even as they introduced options like fruit juices, low-fat milk and yogurt to their menus, some restaurants have also added desserts and other calorie-heavy options to their kids’ menu items. So despite what’s now on offer, kids are getting equally or less nutritious meals, nowadays, which is mostly because fast food restaurants still promote their unhealthy options, and sides like fries are still allowed.
“While most fast-food restaurants do have healthier kids’ meal drinks and sides available, many do little to make parents aware of the healthier options or to encourage parents to choose the healthier options instead of unhealthy ones,” said lead study author Jennifer Harris. “If restaurants are serious about children’s health, they will make the healthiest choice and easiest for parents and the most appealing choice for children.”
12. What do the underlined words “all the rage” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. popular. B. necessary. C. potential. D. modern.
13. Which of the following can summarize the parents surveyed in the report?
A. Many parents like to eat in McDonald’s.
B. Many parents think eating fast food is healthy.
C. Many parents tend to choose unhealthy food in their daily life.
D. Many parents always ignore the healthy food in their daily life.
14. What should kids avoid eating in fast-food restaurants?
A. Fruits juices. B. Desserts. C. Low-fat milk. D. Yogurt.
15. What does Jennifer Harris advise most fast-food restaurants to do?
A. Offer healthier meals for kids. B. Take children’s health seriously.
C. Be honest about their business. D. Guide parents how to order a healthy meal.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。美国儿童仍在吃大量的快餐——尽管餐馆承诺提供健康食品，大多数孩子还是坚持吃薯条而不是沙拉。一项2010年对大约800名家长的调查显示，许多父母在日常生活中倾向于选择不健康的食物。文章同时指出了有哪些不健康的食物，以及