上海市洋泾中学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期期中试题.doc

上海市洋泾中学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期期中试题

上海市洋泾中学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期期中试题

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上海市洋泾中学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期期中试题（含解析）
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How Running Helped Me Turn My Life Around
I've never been an athlete. In my twenties, I went for an occasional yoga class, but that was really the summary of all my athletic accomplishments.
That was until the end of 2016, ___1___ I was unexpectedly laid off. I was feeling quite depressed but pushed myself to go and cheer for the TCS NYC Marathon runners as the course was going through our neighborhood.
However, while ___2___ (be) there, I got lots of energy from all the runners, smiling and applauding. Not a runner myself, I thought maybe I ___3___ give running a try just to use my neglected gym membership and see where it takes me. And so I tried. I went to my local gym the next morning and got on a treadmill（跑步机）. I was out of breath my minute five, but I slowed down, ___4___ (walk) for a bit and then restarted. I came back the next day, hoping to last a few minutes ___5___ (long). By the end of two weeks, I could run for 30 minutes, which was a huge success.
While I saw my body starting to look more toned, I also noticed my negative thoughts didn't occur that frequently. And it sparked a thought -- what if I could set a running goal and sign up for my first - ever race? I did and races became a new hobby.
___6___ the meantime, I was able to acquire a few freelance（自由职业的）projects. They offered me a good income, and, most importantly, the time ___7___ (work) out for the big race. Also, when I was going for interviews, I started to feel very confident of my abilities, experience and skills.
I got my full-time job offer at my dream company just a couple of weeks before the half marathon. ___8___ I got an injury from over-training right before the race, I still went for it and still finished within my ___9___ (expect) time.
I still have a long running journey ahead of me -- I'd love to work on my speed, my technique and I dream of running a marathon outside of the US. Running gives me faith ____10____ I can do anything I set my mind to.
【答案】1. when
2. being 3. could
4. walked 5. longer
6. In 7. to work
8. Though/ Although
9. expected
10. that
【解析】
【分析】
本文一篇记叙文，文章介绍跑步如何改变作者的生活。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“直到2016年底，我意外被解雇。” 本句中the end of 2016为表示时间的名词，在后面从句中做时间状语，故用when引导定语从句，故填when.
【2题详解】
考查非谓语从句。句意：“然而，在那里，我从所有跑步者那里得到了很多能量，微笑和鼓掌。”本句中主句的主语为I，be和主语形成逻辑的主动关系，故填being。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：“我自己并不是一个跑步者，我想也许我可以尝试一下跑步，利用被我忽视的健身房会员资格，看看它能给我带来什么。”本句中give一词提示，前面需要一个加动词原形的词，再根据句意和上下文的时态，应用情态动词could .故填could。
【4题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：“我放慢了脚步，走了一会儿，然后又重新开始。”根据slowed, restarted可知，为三个并列的谓语动词，故填walked。
【5题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：“第二天我又回来了，希望能多呆几分钟”根据上文句意，存在语意上的比较。故填longer。
【6题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：“同时,我能够获得一些自由职业者(自由职业的)项目。”in the meanwhile同时为固定的介词短语。故填in。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。 句意：“他们给了我一份不错的收入，而且，最重要的是，我有时间为这场大赛锻炼身体。”根据短语offer sb sth to do sth, 提供某人某物去做......事。故填to work.
【8题详解】
考查让步状语从句。 句意：“虽然我在比赛前因为过度训练而受伤，但我还是坚持了下来，并且在我预期的时间内完成了比赛。”根据句意，应用although or though引导让步状语从句。故填 although/though。
【9题详解】
考查形容词变形。句意：“虽然我在比赛前因为过度训练而受伤，但我还是坚持了下来，并且在我预期的时间内完成了比赛。”根据my, time 可知，本空需要形容词，expect的形容词为expected预期的。故填 expected。
【10题详解】
考查同位语从句。 句意：“跑步给了我信心，我可以做任何我决心做的事情”本句是对faith的具体解释，句意和结构完整，用that引导同位语从句，故填that。
【点睛】根据周围提示词解题，是语法填空题的做题技巧，例如第9空，根据my, time提示，需要形容词修饰。所以考生可以根据周围的提示词和基本的语法规则判断所需答案。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. tightly B. round C. stuck D. spirits E. encouraging F. desperately G. strengths H. frustrating I. clapped J. arrest K. collapsed
Italians Find “Moments of Joy in this Moment of Anxiety”
It started with the national anthem. Then came the piano chords, trumpet blasts, violin serenades（小夜曲）and even the clanging of pots and pans — all of its spilling from people's homes, out of windows and from balconies.
Finally, on Saturday afternoon, a nationwide ___11___ of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe's worst coronavirus outbreak.
Italians remain essentially under house ___12___ as the nation, the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus, has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.
But the music and noise erupting over the streets, from people ___13___ in their homes, reflects the spirit and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War. It has also demonstrated the ___14___ of those national characters.
In China patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring ___15___ needed food to the people of Wuhan, the center of the outbreak. In Iran, videos show doctors in masks dancing to keep ___16___ up. And in Italy, the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country's empty streets, while social media feeds are filled with ___17___, touching and humorous web videos.
Images of nurses who ___18___ from exhaustion or their faces bruised（使受淤伤）from ___19___ sealed masks have also spread across the web in recent days. Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title "It will all be OK."
"We're Italians, and loving singing is part of our culture" said Giorgio Albertini 51, an archaeology professor who _____20_____ from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way 'to feel a community, and to have the collective grief".
【答案】11. B 12. J
13. C 14. G
15. F 16. D
17. E 18. K
19. A 20. I
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了意大利人在抗疫的焦虑时刻，通过音乐找到了快乐，以积极心态面对疫情。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：最后，在周六下午，全国范围内爆发了一阵热烈的掌声，送给医疗一线的医生们，他们抗击着欧洲最严重的冠状病毒疫情的蔓延。a nationwide ___1___ of applause是名词所有格，此空用名词形式，固定搭配a round of（一连串的、一场），名词round（轮次、场）符合句意。故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：意大利人基本上仍然居家，作为全球抗击冠状病毒的欧洲阵线，国家已经下令对意大利人的行动进行特别限制，以防止感染。此处用名词作介词under的宾语，固定搭配house arrest （软禁、居家），名词arrest符合句意。故选J项。
【13题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：但是，街道上爆发的音乐和噪音，来自被困在家中的人们，反映了一个国家面对二战以来最严重的国家紧急情况的精神和幽默。分析句子可知，此处用过去分词作名词people的后置定语，过去分词stuck（困住）符合句意。故选C项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：它也展示了这些民族性格的长处。the ___4___ of those national characters是名词所有格，此空用名词形式，名词strengths（长处）符合句意。故选G项。
【15题详解】
考查副词。句意：在中国，爱国的卡车司机冒着感染的危险给武汉疫情中心的人民带来急需的食物。此处用副词作状语修饰过去分词needed（此处用作形容词），副词desperately（极度地）符合句意。故选F项。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：在伊朗，视频显示医生戴着口罩跳舞以保持精神向上。此处用名词作动词keep的宾语，名词spirits（精神）符合句意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在意大利，感激的手势和音乐响彻了这个国家的空旷街道，而社交媒体的订阅则充斥着鼓励、感人和幽默的网络视频。由后面的形容词touching和humorous可知，此处用形容词作定语修饰名词短语web videos，形容词encouraging（鼓舞人心的）符合句意。故选E项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：最近几天，护士们因疲惫而倒下或脸上戴着密封的口罩擦伤的照片也在网上流传开来。此处是who引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，动词collapsed（倒下、昏倒）符合句意。故选K项。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：最近几天，护士们因疲惫而倒下或脸上戴着密封的口罩擦伤的照片也在网上流传开来。此处用副词作状语修饰过去分词sealed（此处用作形容词），副词tightly（紧紧地）符合句意。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：“我们是意大利人，热爱歌唱是我们文化的一部分，”51岁的考古学教授Giorgio Albertini说，他在米兰大学区的公寓阳台上鼓掌，称这是一种“感受一个社区，感受集体悲痛”的方式。此处是who引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，动词clapped（鼓掌）符合句意。故选I项。
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. "Customer value" has several definitions. I use the ___21___ to mean the total lifetime value of a company's customer base. Companies can increase this value by ___22___ more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. Visionary leaders have long understood the importance of ___23___ on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they've become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It's worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to ___24___ shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether.
Companies can ___25___ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase ___26___, software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes ___27___ frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also ___28___ potential customers and encourage disloyalty.
Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets, such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings reports so that investors can make ___29___ judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies ___30___ believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much ___31___ into the value of a company's customers.
As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors' attention to ___32___ in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics. One of the UK's top energy suppliers E.ON, ___33___, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. "As a customer-focused company," E.ON noted, "we see customer value as crucial to our success."
This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) ___34___ picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. ___35___, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company's preferred narrative.
21. A. item B. version C. term D. definition
22. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting
23. A. remarking B. concentrating C. commenting D. operating
24. A. resist B. increase C. intensify D. maintain
25. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy
26. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand
27. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine
28. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off
29. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent
30. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly
31. A. ambition B. devotion C. possibility D. visibility
32. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense
33. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general
34. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid
35. A. Instead B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Therefore
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
本题是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了顾客价值对于公司发展的重大意义，作者认为公司应该重视客户价值，因为它不仅能提高利润，而且能够持久地提高公司的可信度。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我使用的这个术语指的是一个公司客户群的整个生命周期价值。A. item项；B. version版本；C. term术语；D. definition定义。该空上一句提及的“customer value（顾客价值）”是一个术语。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司通过提高这种价值来赢得更多客户。A. persuading说服；B. consulting咨询；C. acquiring获得；D. inspecting视察，观察。通过“earning more business from existing ones”（从现有的客户里赚取更多的利润），可以判断出获得更多客户才有更多利润。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，远见卓识的领导者都明白运营客户价值的重要性，而不是追求短期利润或季度收益，在这个过程中，他们已经成为持久的客户忠诚度领导者。A. remarking评论；B. concentrating集中；C. commenting评论；D. operating运营，操作。结合后文“on customer value”可知此处指运营客户价值，应用operate。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是有许多把客户忠诚度看得重的公司能够抵御股东压力。A. resist抵抗；B. increase增加；C. intensify加强；D. maintain维持。根据后句的“or avoid it altogether”（或者可以一同抵御它们），可以判断该空与后面的句子在语义上表达的同一个意思，即抵御风险。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方式上，公司也可能破坏了顾客价值。A. raise提出；B. adopt采纳，收养；C. calculate计算；D. destroy破坏。通过该段后文的“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they…”（如此策略甚至会导致短期的收益增长，但是……）从这句可以判断出，短期策略对公司长久发展是不利。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了提高收入，计算机公司有时向公司顾客征收公司所有权变更费，高达原始费用3倍之多。A. income收入；B. experience经历，经验；C. productivity生产力；D. demand要求。通过该段后文的“The resulting profits may look good on the income statement.”（ 结果从收入账单上看，最后收益看起来还不错）。可以看出，公司采取这些策略的目的是提高收益，减少成本。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少运营成本，一些连锁餐馆有时会用速冻或预加工食材而不是新鲜的、定制的食物。A. separate分隔；B. substitute代替；C. forbid禁止；D. combine组合。该句上提及“To reduce operating costs”（为了减少运营成本），可以判断出公司会采取手段来缩减运营成本，用速冻或预加工产品代替新鲜定制的食物会提升餐馆运营效率，从而提高营业额。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会把潜在客户吓跑并助长客户“不忠”。A. appeal to对……有吸引力；B. rely on依靠；C. put down放下；D. scare off吓跑。该空前一句提及“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth.”（如此策略甚至会得到短期收入增长），但话锋一转，作者使用了but，可以推断出其实这种做法并不是最可靠有效的，甚至是吓跑潜在客户群。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者可以对公司的业绩表现有一个清晰的评判。A. informed了解情况的；B. subjective主观的；C. definitive确信的；D. independent独立自主的。下文提及公司应该公开一些报表数据，从消费者角度就可以得到更多信息从而客观评价公司的业绩了。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但大多数公司错误地认为衡量顾客价值是一项困难且开销大的事情。A. fully彻底地；B. hardly艰难地；C. readily毫不犹豫，迅速地；D. wrongly错误地。该空前面的but可以推断出，在现实当中，大多数公司并没有像文章中那样做，而是理所当然认为衡量顾客价值的方法不可取。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：收入账单及结余账单都无法充足地提供关于公司客户价值数据。A. ambition野心；B. devotion奉献；C. possibility可能性；D. visibility可见。因为上文提及好多公司并没有恒量顾客价值，自然也就没有可看得到的相关数据。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多公司都将注意力转移到如何成功提高客户群的价值上面。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. success成功；C. prejudice偏见；D. expense花费。上文提及虽然有很多公司开始考虑顾客价值这一问题，但是还是有很多公司没有考虑到如何成功提升客户群价值。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，英国顶尖的能源供应商（E.ON），每年都会在财务报道中纰漏其客户人头。A. as a result因此；B. for example例如；C. on the contrary恰相反；D. in general大体上。作者在这里以英国能源供应商的实际例子来支撑客户价值意义这一观点。故选B。
34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者并没有一个完整的图景（整体情况）。A. incomplete不完整的；B. depressing沮丧的，萧条的；C. convincing有说服力的；D. vivid栩栩如生的。前文提及“This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements”（这才是开始，没有客户价值体系标准及要求）可以判断，在这一“客户价值”问题还有许多事情亟待完善，所以对于投资者来说，图景是不完整的。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，公司统计客户价值指标也各不相同，也会改变指标编造一个想得到的故事。A. Instead相反；B. Besides此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。该空前后提及的两种情况是递进关系，所以使用“此外”较为合适。故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the wo