2022届高考英语一轮总复习-选修八-Unit-2-Cloning学案新人教版.doc

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 选修八 Unit 2 Cloning学案新人教版

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 选修八 Unit 2 Cloning学案新人教版

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Unit 2　Cloning

必备知识·盘点夯基
BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记

写准记牢
语境运用
核
心
单
词
1．__undertake__vt．着手；从事；承担
2．__breakthrough__n．突破
3．__cast__vt．扔；投；掷
4．__unable__ adj．不能的；不会的
5．__obtain__vt．获得；赢得
6．__attain__vt．获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)
7．__forbid__vt．禁止；不准
8．__drawback__n．缺点；不利条件
9．__owe__vt．欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
10．__shortly__adv．立刻；不久
11．__bother__vt．打扰
vi．操心
n．烦扰
12．__regulation__n．规则；规章；法规
13．__strike__vt．& vi．打；撞击；罢工
n．罢工
14．__impact__n．撞击；冲击；巨大的影响
1．We are supposed to __undertake__ (承担) the responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance．
2．With medical __breakthroughs__ (突破), people are living a healthier and longer life．
3．Nowadays, energy can be __obtained__ (获得) through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides．
4．Our school is a non-smoking school． So smoking is __forbidden__ (禁止) here．
5．So I have no choice but to __bother__ (打扰) you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter．
6．But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own __drawbacks__ (缺点) which should not be neglected．
7．I regret to inform you that we are __unable__(不能的) to offer you employment．

拓
展
单
词
1．__accumulate__vt．& vi．积累；聚积→__accumulation__ n．积累；增加
2．__differ__ vi．不同；相异→__different__ adj．不同的；与众不同的→__difference__ n．差异；不同
3．__reasonable__ adj．合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→__reason__n．理由，道理
4． __merely__adv．仅；只；不过→__mere__ adj．仅仅的
5．__decoration__n．装饰→__decorate__ v．装饰；布置
6．__retire__ vi．退休；离开→__retirement__ n．退休；引退
7．__assumption__ n．假定；设想→__assume__ vt．假定；设想
8．__popularity__ n．受人喜爱；流行→__popular__adj．流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的
9． __object__ vi．反对；不赞成→__objection__ n．不赞成；反对；异议
10． __correction__ n．改正；纠正；修正→__correct__
vt．改正；纠正
11．__resistance__ n．抵抗→__resist__ vt．抵抗；对抗→
__resistant__ adj．抵抗的，反抗的
12．__exact__ adj．精确的；准确的→ __exactly__ adv．精确地；准确地

1．The purpose of education is not only the __accumulation__ of knowledge． And it also means __accumulating__ intelligence as well as abilities． (accumulate)
2．From the appearance, we cannot tell the __differences__ between the twins, though they always have some __different__ ideas． And as for this phenomenon, ideas __differ__ among many people． (differ)
3．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no __objection__ to it, while his father __objected__ to it． (object)
4． Don't __assume__ that you are a princess and stop living in __assumptions__ any more． (assume)
5． Nowadays few people can __resist__the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be __resistant__ to them finally give up their __resistance__． (resist)
6．He __retired__ from the post as a manager． After his __retirement，he settled down in a remote village． (retire)

联想积累：
1．“动词＋副词”构成的合成词
①drawback n． 缺点
②breakdown n． 崩溃；故障
③farewell n． 告别
④feedback n． 反馈
⑤set-up n． 计划；组织
⑥break-up n． 分手；中断
2．accumulate及其相关动词小结
①accumulate 积累；聚积
②increase 增长
③enlarge 扩大；放大
④expand 扩大；膨胀
⑤shrink 收缩；缩小
⑥reduce 减少
3．表示“反对；拒绝”的词荟萃
①against prep． 反对
②oppose v． 反对
③object vi． 反对
④disagree vi． 不同意
⑤reject vt． 拒绝
⑥refuse v． 拒绝
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__pay off__得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
2．__cast down__(使)失望；(使)沮丧；不愉快
3．__object to__ 反对；不赞成
4．__in favour of __赞成；支持
5．__owe．．．to．．．__把……归功于……
6．__(be) bound to(do)．．．__一定或注定(做)……
7．__strike．．．into one's heart__使……刻骨铭心
8．__from time to time__不时；偶尔
9．__bring back to life__使复生；使复活
10．__in vain__白费力气；枉费心机
11．__in good/poor condition__状况很好/坏；
情况很好/坏

语境运用
1．The mobile phone is __in good condition__，looking like the newly bought one．
2． Don't let yourself be __cast down__ by a small failure in the experiment． Try again．
3． In ancient times, people believed that they could be __brought back to life__ after death．
4． Keep on working hard like this, and your research __is bound to__ obtain great success．
5． The athlete' s years of hard training __paid off__ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal．
6． Mountain Tai __struck__ its beauty __into her heart__ and she decided to visit it again the next year．
7．All efforts will be __ in vain__ if we can' t learn English by practising repeatedly．
8． She made it clear that she __objected to__ the proposal, for it was useless．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill．
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

then位于句首且主语为名词，句子用全部倒装语序，that引导同位语从句。
1．(全国卷Ⅲ，书面表达)我已经得到消息，我们的校乒乓球队正在我们学生当中招募新队员。
__Now comes the news that__ our school Ping-pong Team is looking for new members among us students．

2．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation．
其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。

The advantage is that．．．“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句。
2．(浙江高考书面表达)爬山的好处就是它可以增强我们的体质，塑造我们的性格。
__The advantage of climbing mountains is that__ it can build our body and shape our characters．

核心素养·精讲层练
HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN

1．differ vi．不同；相异
用法归纳
different adj．不同的
difference n．不同之处
词汇拓展
(1)differ in．．． 在……方面不同
differ from．．． 与……不同
differ from．．．in．．．与……在……方面不同
(2)make a difference 起作用；有影响
(3)be different from．．． 与……不同
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Even though we completely differ from each other __in__ character, we are still great friends．
②We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our __differences__ (differ) unite, rather than divide us．
③Since I was a kid, I've considered __different__ (differ) jobs I would like to do．
提能—单句写作。
④I hold the firm belief that we __can make a big difference__ if everyone makes a little effort．
我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。
2．undertake vt．(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担；保证
归纳拓展
undertake sth．着手/从事/承担某事
undertake to do sth．保证/答应做某事
undertake that．．．保证……
undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承担责任/任务/工程
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①The project __undertaken__ (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful．
②Mr． Collins undertook __to look__ (look) after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends．
③Whether or not the construction of the bridge __will be undertaken__ (undertake) by our company remains to be seen．
提能—单句写作。
④(北京卷书面表达)With all the materials collected, those who are talented in computers __undertook the task of designing__ and making the video．
用收集到的材料，那些在计算机方面有天赋的人承担了设计和制作视频的任务。
3．object vt．反对；不赞成(后常接介词to)　n．物体；目标
词汇拓展
objection n．反对；提出异议
objective adj．真实的；客观的；无偏见的
用法归纳
(1)object to sb．/sth．不赞成/反对……
object to doing sth．反对做某事
(2)make/raise an objection to sth．对……提出异议
have/make an/no objection to(doing)sth．反对/不反对(做)某事
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①A majority of students objected to __being arranged__ (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends．
②He has a strong objection to __smoking__ (smoke) in public places, especially with females present．
③It is necessary to hold an __objective__ (object) attitude towards ratings．
提能—一句多译。
就我个人而言，我反对他在会议上提出的建议。
④As far as I'm concerned，I __am opposed to__ the suggestions he put forward at the meeting．
⑤In my view, I __object to__ the suggestions he put forward at the meeting．
4．forbid vt．(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不准
归纳拓展
forbid sb．sth．禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth．禁止做某事

It is forbidden to do sth．做某事是禁止的
温馨提示
forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb．to do sth．形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow，permit，advise等。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①As far as I can remember，this place used to forbid __parking__ (park) cars and bikes．
②__Forbidding__ (forbid) us students to go out of the campus has raised a storm of objections．
③I think the middle school students should be forbidden __ to use __ (use) smartphones at school．
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
④We __were forbidden from going out__ (禁止外出), so we had to stay at home aimlessly．
→__Forbidden from going out__，we had to stay at home aimlessly． (分词短语作状语)
5．owe vt．欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
归纳拓展
(1)owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb．欠某人某物
owe sb．an apology 该向某人道歉
owe sb．a favour 欠某人一个人情
(2)owe．．．to．．．把……归功于……
owe it to sb． that．．．多亏某人……
(3)owing to 因为；由于
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①My English teacher is such a great soul, __to__ whom I owe many thanks．
②I must say I owe all the achievements __to__the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends．
③I owe __it__ to you that I have made great progress in my English．
提能—句式升级。
④Because of my lack of experience, I didn't do the work well．
→__It was owing to my lack of experience that__ I didn't do the work well． (升级为强调句)
6．strike vt．& vi．(struck，struck)打；撞击；罢工；突然袭击；(钟)报时；划(火柴)；忽然想起 n．罢工
归纳拓展
(1)strike．．．into one's heart使……刻骨铭心
be struck by/with．．．被……击中/打动/感动
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb． that．．．某人突然想起……
sth． strikes/hits/occurs to sb．某人突然想起某事
(2)go on strike罢工
巧学助记
各种“敲，打”的表达法

层级训练
夯基—写出下列句子中strike的词性和词义。
①A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people．
__vt．突然袭击__
②It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team．
__vt．忽然想起__
③It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike．
__n．罢工__
④I got up early this morning before the clock struck five．
__vt．(钟)报时__
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
⑤(2018·天津卷书面表达)Because we __are struck by your talent__ (被你的天赋打动) in the robotic competition, I'd like to invite you to join us．
→__Struck by your talent__ in the robotic competition, I'd like to invite you to join us．(分词短语作状语)
7．pay off 还清(债务)；取得成功；得到回报
归纳拓展
pay sth． off全部偿还；偿清债务
pay sb． off(结工资后)解雇；打发走
pay for sth．付钱(买)某物；为某物支付；为某物付钱；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay sb． for sth．付钱给某人买某物；为某物付某人钱
pay back还钱；偿还；报复
pay a visit to参观；访问
pay attention to注意；重视
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)I firmly believe hard work will __pay off__．
我坚信辛勤付出必有回报。
②What made him happy was that after all these years he at last __paid off all his debts__．
使他高兴的是经过这些年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
③That I can __pay back__ the help people give me makes me happy．
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
夯基—写出下列句子中pay off的含义。
④It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan．__偿清__
⑤Two hundred workers have been paid off．__(结工资后)解雇__
⑥All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam．__取得好结果__
提能—单句写作。
⑦(山东高考书面表达)我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。
I was very interested in English and worked hard at it． Finally __all my efforts paid off__．
8．in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)
归纳拓展
(1)out of condition 健康状况欠佳
(2)on condition that．．．在……条件下；倘若……
on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)
working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be __in__ poor condition．
②They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living __conditions__ (condition) in the suburbs．
③The teacher always warns us，“ __On__ no condition can we give up our dreams． ”
提能—单句写作。
④(2018·江苏卷书面表达)__On condition that we use__ these ratings properly, they will benefit us in many ways．
倘若我们恰当使用这些排名(ratings)，它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。
9．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation．
其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
The advantage is that．．．“优势是……”。that在此引导表语从句。
归纳拓展
The advantage/strength of．．．is that．．．……的优势是……
The disadvantage of．．．is that．．．……的不足是……
The drawback of．．．is that．．．……的缺点是……
The problem of．．．is that．．．……的问题是……
The chance is that．．．有可能……
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空/补全句子。
①The drawback of the popularity of cars is __that__ it brings about so much air pollution．
②But the good news is __that__ there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home．
③The chance is __that__ one smoker in four will die of lung cancer．
④__The advantage of smiling is that __ (微笑的好处是) it can not only make us happy, but also please others．
提能—单句写作。
⑤__The advantage of__ using your university accommodation __is that you can get support__ if you have a problem．
在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于，如果你有问题可以得到帮助。

高效演练·素能提升
GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．—Dad, I don't think Oliver is the right sort of person for the job．
—I see．I'll go right away and pay him__off__．
2．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea __why__ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities．
3．It took them 10 years to pay __off__ the mortgage．
4．Jane, you've made such great efforts that you are bound __to pass__(pass) the exam．
5．I don't often go to the cinema at weekends, merely from time __to__ time．
6．His efforts to raise money for his program were __in__ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets．
7．Although a teenager, Fred could not resist __being told__(tell) what to do and what not to do．
8．Be __reasonable__(reason)—you can't expect him to finish all his work in so little time．
9．— It's thirty years since we last met．
— But I still remember the story, believe it or not, __that__ we lost our way on a rainy night．
10．(朗文辞典)The car has been well maintained and is in good __condition__．

Ⅱ．单句改错
1．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son．
__It→What__
2．No one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ago．
__exact→exactly__
3．Sometimes, some students object the idea that English classes are taught in English．
__object后加to__
4．Owed to the recent bad weather, the project is several weeks behind schedule．
__Owed→Owing__
5．In making scientific experiments, we should not cast down by temporary setbacks．
__cast前加be__
6．Only if the students accumulate for a great deal of vocabulary can they grasp English．
__去掉for__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．处于困境时千万不要丧失信心。(倒装句；condition)
__On no condition should you lose heart when you are in trouble．__
2．给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。(主语从句；strike)
__What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people．__
3．困扰我的是我跟不上别人。(it作形式主语；bother)
__It bothers me that I can't keep up with others．__
4．它说明你的论点完全是以假的假设为基础的。(indicate；assumption)
__It indicates that your argument is based on a completely false assumption．__
5．我喜欢钓鱼。其中一个好处是我能在户外呼吸新鲜空气。(that引导表语从句)
__I like fishing． One of the advantages is that I can take in fresh air in the open air．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
Cloning is a way of __1．making__(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant． __2．It__ has two major uses． One is __3．that__ gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants． __4．The __other is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals． However, the process of cloning is difficult __5．to undertake__(undertake) and in some countries it is forbidden． If cloning were in practice, perhaps the world would be more complex．
Many attempts to clone mammals failed． The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the