组织行为学双语教学英语部分-练习题以及答案.doc

(完整word版)组织行为学双语教学英语部分-练习题以及答案
为方便答题，所有判断题目答案附在chapter9后之后
Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior

True/False Questions

1. Organizational behavior is the study of human attitudes, behavior, and performance in organizations.
2. Organizational behavior is the study of values, goals and policies in an organization.
3. The study of organizational behavior focuses on organizations, groups and individuals.
4. Organizational behavior draws on many different business disciplines.
5. Contributions from psychology, sociology, economics and industrial engineering are applied in organizational behavior theory.
6. Practical experience is more relevant to the study of organizational behavior than research and theory.
7. Scientific management involves the study of work processes to make them more efficient.
8. Efficiency and quality can be improved by studying work processes.
9. Administrative management proposes that a manager’s job include the basic functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling.
10. Organizations could reduce conflict by getting employees and managers focused on shared goals.
Short Answer Questions
1. _____________ consists of the actions and interactions of individuals and groups in organizations.
Answer: organizational behavior (OB)
2. A social entity that is goal directed and deliberately structured is known as a(n)_____________.
Answer: organization
3. _____________ is a school of management that involves developing a standard method for performing each job, training workers, and offering wage incentives.
Answer: scientific management
4. The _____________ school of management explores ways managers can influence productivity through human relations.
Answer: human relations
Essay Questions
1. Describe the various management schools of thought.

Answer:
• Scientific management—developed a standard method for performing each job, trained workers in the standard, eliminated interruptions, and offered wage incentives.
• Administrative management—identified what structured would be most efficient in a given environment and advocated putting policies and procedures into writing.
• Human relations school—explored way managers could influence productivity by establishing positive relationships with employees.
• Management science—applies scientific method and mathematical models to management problems.
• Open systems—describes organizations as systems that interact with their environment, transforming inputs into outputs.
• Sustained competitive advantage—focuses on the means organizations can create to sustain an advantage over competitors.

2. Outline the assumptions about employees identified as Theory X and Theory Y.
Answer:
• Theory X assumes workers dislike their work and must be coerced into doing it.
• Theory Y assumes that work is a natural part of employees’ lives and that employees will be industrious and creative if they are committed to their work.

3. Identify and discuss five core values of Total Quality Management.
Answer: There are ten core values with descriptions offered in Exhibit 1.3, page 15. Use this table to guide your grading of the question.

4. Identify and discuss the four management functions. Which function is most important and why?
Answer:
Planning—defines goals and determines how to achieve them
Organizing—assigns tasks, delegates responsibility, and allocates resources.
Leading—use of influence to inspire and empower others to work toward the organizational goals.
Controlling—measures performance to its objectives.
The most important function is planning because it influences all the other functions in how each function is administrated.
Chapter2
Individual Differences
True/False Questions

1. Productivity, innovativeness, creativity, and other organizational outcomes are influenced by how employees behave.
2. People are an organization’s most valuable resource and are least likely to cause problems.
3. Individual differences do not influence whether a person will be able to successfully perform a job.
4. A psychological contract describes what an employer expects from the employee and what the employee will contribute based on these expectations.
5. A psychological contract outlines what an employee expects to contribute and what the organization will provide to the employee for these contributions.
6. Psychological contracts are negotiated and written down as terms of employment.
7. If an organization violates the psychological contract, employee satisfaction, trust and desire to stay with the organization goes down.
8. Psychological contracts in today’s work environment emphasize job security for the employee.
9. Psychological contracts in today’s work environment emphasize employee career management and development.
10. If an employee is struggling in a job, the manager should reshape the job.
Short Answer Questions
1. __________________ are an organization’s most valuable resource.

Answer: People Page: 89

2. __________________ are characteristics that vary from one person to another.

Answer: Individual differences Page: 89

3. What an employee expects to contribute and what the organization will provide to the employee for their contributions is known as __________________.

Answer: Psychological contract Page: 90

4. The extent to which a person’s ability and personality match the requirements of a job is called __________________.

Answer: Person-job fit Page: 93

5. When __________________ is poor, jobs need to be restructured or employees need to be replaced.

Answer: Person-job fit Page: 94

6. __________________ refers to the match between an individual’s personality, goals, and values and the organization culture.

Answer: Person-organization fit Page: 94
Essay Questions

1. Explain cognitive ability and define its three specific dimensions.

Answer:
• Cognitive ability refers to an individual’s capacity to think and analyze information. Three dimensions are verbal comprehension, quantitative ability, reasoning ability.
• Verbal comprehension refers to a person’s capacity to understand and use written and spoken language.
• Quantitative ability refers to an individual’s speed and accuracy in solving math problems.
• Reasoning ability refers to an individual’s capacity to solve different types of problems

Level: 1

2．What are cognitive styles and explain the four dimensions of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator.

Answer:
• Cognitive styles are different ways individuals perceive and process information. The four dimensions are
• Energy (Introversion vs. Extroversion) determines where individuals gain interpersonal strength and stimulation. Extroverts gain energy through others while introverts focus on personal thoughts and feelings.
• Information gathering relates to the action individuals take when making decisions. Sensing focus on facts and details and intuitive focus less on facts and more on the relationships between ideas.
• Decision making relates to how much consideration a person gives to others’ feelings. Thinking focus on being objective while feelings are considered how the decision impacts others.

• Life style relates to an individual’s tendency to be flexible and adaptive. Judging focus on goals and is less flexible while perceiving dislikes deadlines.

3. What is emotional intelligence and outline and discuss three of its components.

Answer:
• Emotional intelligence is the ability to accurately perceive, evaluate, express, and regulate emotions and feelings. The five components are listed in exhibit 3.7, p. 102. Use the exhibit to assist with grading the five components.

4. Explain the learning process. Identify and explain one type of learning style and indicate the type of likely occupations those with this learning style might have.

Answer:
• The learning process goes from a concrete experience to reflective observation to abstract conceptualization to active experimentation. The results of the experimentation generate new experiences and the cycle outlined above repeats itself. As for one learning style use exhibit 3.9, p. 105 to assist in grading the question.

5. What are instrumental and terminal values? How do values and attitudes relate?

Answer:
• Instrumental values are beliefs about the types of behavior that are appropriate for reaching goals.
• Terminal values are beliefs about which outcomes are worth trying to achieve.
• Attitudes are considered to have three components: cognition, feelings, and behavior. The cognition component includes the beliefs and values of a person. Therefore, one’s attitude is usually grounded in one’s beliefs or values.

Chapter 3
Perception and Attribution

True/False Questions

1. The perception process begins with attention.
2. The organization stage of perception begins when a person pays attention to a stimulus and then begins to make sense of it.
3. A person who uses the closure mechanism for organizing stimuli might overhear one side of a phone conversation and is likely to imagine the overall content of the conversation.
4. When a person perceives sensory data in a continuous pattern, they are using the continuity mechanism for organizing stimuli.
5. A person who uses the continuity mechanism for organizing stimuli might overhear one side of a phone conversation and is likely to imagine the overall content of the conversation.
6. When a person perceives sensory data in a continuous pattern, they are using the closure mechanism for organizing stimuli.
7. When people organize stimuli, they often use frames of reference called schemas.
8. If managers review salaries and employee performance at the same time, employees perceive the two reviews as being in proximity.
9. When employees bring their own script to a given situation, it will reduce the possibility of misunderstandings.
10. A prototype is a schema that summarizes what we have learned about categories of people or objects.
11. A script is a schema that summarizes what we have learned about categories of people or objects.
12. In the interpretation stage of the perception process, the perceiver looks for explanations for stimuli.
13. Projection is an interpretive process where you assign your own thoughts and feelings to a person being perceived.

14. Attribution is an interpretive process where a person uses observations and inferences to explain people’s behavior.
15. Attribution is an interpretive process where you assign your own thoughts and feelings to a person being perceived.
16. Projection is an interpretive process where a person uses observations and inferences to explain people’s behavior.
17. In the retrieval stage of the perception process, a person recalls information about past events.
18. In the judgment stage of the perception process a person aggregates and weights information to arrive at an overall conclusion.
19. The interpretation stage is the final stage in the perception process.
20. All people follow the same stages of perception.
Short Answer Questions

1. ____________________ is the process by which people notice and make sense of information from the environment.

Answer: Perception
2. The stage in the perception process that involves noticing some of the information available and filtering out the rest is ____________________.

Answer: Attention
3. The stage in the perception process that involves sorting information by using a frame of reference is ____________________.

Answer: Organization

4. When people use the ____________________ mechanism for organizing stimuli, they tend to perceive incomplete data in a whole, complete form.

Answer: Closure

5. When people perceive sensory data in a continuous pattern, they are using the ____________________ mechanism for organizing stimuli.

Answer: Continuity
6. ____________________ is when stimuli are near each other and people perceive them as being related.

Answer: Proximity

7. When stimuli are alike in some way people tend to group them. This mechanism for organizing stimuli is known as ____________________.

Answer: Similarity
8. ____________________ is a mechanism for organizing stimuli where people tend to perceive the sensory data they are most attentive to as standing out against the background of other sensory data.

Answer: Figure-ground
9. A cognitive structure in which related items of information are grouped together is known as ____________________.

Answer: Schema
10. A ____________________ is a schema that describes a sequence of actions.

Answer: Script

11. A ____________________ is a schema that summarizes what we have learned about categories of people or objects.

Answer: Prototypes
Chapter 4
Sources of Motivation
True/False Questions

1. Content theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.
2. Basic needs create internal tension that will motivate positive behaviors to fulfill the needs.
3. Basic needs create internal tension that will motive behavior to fulfill the needs.
4. Intrinsic rewards are the personal satisfactions a person receives while performing a particular action.
5. Extrinsic rewards are given by another person as a result of the employee’s performing a particular action such as completion of a task.
6. Extrinsic rewards are the personal satisfactions a person receives while performing a particular action.
7. Intrinsic rewards are given by another person as a result of the employee’s performing a particular action such as completion of a task.
8. A manager might give an extrinsic reward by recommending promotion or pay increase for an employee who performs well.
9. When an employee feels a sense of accomplishment for completion of a task, they are receiving an intrinsic reward.
10. Scientific management is an example of the traditional approach to motivation.
Short Answer Questions

1. ___________________ are motivation theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people.

Answer: Content theories
2. ___________________ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that energize, direct, and maintain behavior.

Answer: Motivation
3. ___________________ are the satisfactions a person receives while performing a particular action.

Answer: Intrinsic rewards
4. ___________________ are given by another person as a result of the employee’s performing a particular action such as completion of a task.

Answer: Extrinsic rewards
5. The ___________________ to motivation emphasizes increasing the efficiency of an employee’s job and providing economic rewards for high performance.

Answer: Traditional approach
6. The ___________________ to motivation emphasizes that noneconomic rewards are more important than money as a mo