2021届高考英语二轮复习-强化练(四)阅读理解—推理判断题(二)(含解析).doc

2021届高考英语二轮复习 强化练（四）阅读理解—推理判断题（二）（含解析）

2021届高考英语二轮复习 强化练（四）阅读理解—推理判断题（二）（含解析）

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强化练(四)　阅读理解——推理判断题(二)
A
While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer，few would say that we've “summered”．“Summer” is clearly a noun，more precisely，a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood，we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb.With such a clear definition，it was easy to spot the difference.Not so in adulthood，where we are expected to “foot” the bill，“chair” committees，and “dialogue” with political opponents.Chances are you didn't feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language，” says Patricia O'Conner，a former editor at The New York Times Book Review.Experts estimated that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns.And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing.Since 1900，about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though the conversion(转化)is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice.William Strunk Jr.and E．B.White，in The Elements of Style—an authoritative(权威性的)book for the use of American English—have this to say，“Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs.Not all are bad，but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint，advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them，” says O'Conner.That's why we're comfortable “hosting” a party，but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports.So are there any rules for verbing？Benjamin Dreyer，copy chief at Random House，doesn't offer a rule，but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it's easily replaced by an already existing popular verb.Make sure it's descriptive but not silly­sounding, he says.
In the end，however，style is subjective.The easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries；it is one of the processes that make English “English”．Not every coinage(新创的词语)passes into general use，but as for trying to end verbing altogether，forget it.
[语篇解读]　 在英语中把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但是很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且有时这样做也可能会让我们失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。
1．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A．It hasn't recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C．It hasn't been a rare phenomenon since last century.
D．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Since 1900，about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.”可知，自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词。据此可知，自20世纪以来，名词的动词化就成了常见的现象，故C项正确。
答案：C
2．What is most leading experts' attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A．Cautious.　　　　　 B．Satisfied.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs.Not all are bad，but all are suspect.” 可知，针对名词的动词化，两位权威的语法学家认为并非所有这种做法都是不好的，但所有都是不可靠的。据此可推知，权威专家对把名词动词化的做法持谨慎的态度，故A项正确。
答案：A
3．What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A．Predictable. B．Practicable.
C．Approaching. D．Impossible.
解析：推理判断题。 根据最后一段最后一句“Not every coinage passes into general use，but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.”可知，不是每个新创的词语都会被普遍使用，但是至于试图结束名词的动词化，那就算了吧。据此可推知，作者认为结束名词的动词化是不可能的，故D项正确。A项意为“可预见的”，B项意为“可行的，行得通的”，都与文义不符。
答案：D
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Are 40 Percent of All New Verbs from Nouns?
B．Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?
C．Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?
D．Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首段以summer一词为例引出主题：名词的动词化；接着文章表述把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但有很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且这样做有时可能会让我们失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。故B项最适合作本文标题。
答案：B
B
As a kid，Joanna Buckley wasn't interested in science—until she had a chance to try it.That happened when she got a chemistry set as a gift.
“Over the course of a few weeks，I'd completed every experiment.But in the process，I polluted my parent's dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner，” she says.
Now science is Buckley's job.She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England.“I realize，first­hand，how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great，” she says.Now the good news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley's at­home experiments.That's because these experiments are real，looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a one­off experiment，what's cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose，” says Amy Prunuske，who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college.“Students want to do a good job，because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Jennifer Long's job is to coordinate(协调)education and outreach.She agrees with Prunuske.“Kids like that it's real.And they like that it's important，and that it matters.” Citizen science projects have made big discoveries.One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster(星系团)．Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan.And one of the first citizen science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.
Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science.They hope that fun，exciting citizen science projects can help them keep engaged，Long says.And she has some evidence that it's working.“Last year，we did have a couple of students say, ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now’．”
[语篇解读]　 文章主要介绍了公众科学的用处——它寻找新的解决方法并让学生们爱上科学。
5．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To show experiments can make teens interested in science.
B．To prove failure is the mother of success in science.
C．To state that Buckley has a talent for science.
D．To praise Buckley for her strong will.
解析：推理判断题。 第一段第一句表述Buckley小时候在没尝试之前对科学不感兴趣；根据第三段中的“Now science is Buckley's job.She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England.”可知，Buckley成功进入科学领域。结合第二段内容可知，在得到了实验工具后，Buckley完成了每一个实验。据此可推知，第二段旨在表明青少年进行实验能让他们对科学感兴趣，故A项正确。
答案：A
6．Why is citizen science more fun?
A．It needs to seek for new solutions.
B．It carries out experiments frequently.
C．It must carry out experiments in groups.
D．It is supposed to handle complex problems.
解析：细节理解题。 根据第四段的内容，尤其是“That's because these experiments are real，looking for novel answers.”可知，这是因为这些实验是真实的，在寻找新奇的解决方法。据此可知，公众科学更有趣是因为它需要寻找新的解决方法，故A项正确。
答案：A
7．What can we know from what Prunuske said?
A．She participated in the experiment.
B．She took pride in what students took up.
C．Citizen science is popular with students.
D．Scientists are willing to employ students.
解析：推理判断题。 根据第五段第一句中Prunuske所说的话“Compared with a one­off experiment，what's cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose”可知，与一次性的实验相比，公众科学很棒，学生们明白这是有用途的。据此可推知，公众科学受到学生们的欢迎，故C项正确。
答案：C
8．What is Long's attitude towards citizen science?
A．Concerned.　　　　　 B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
解析：观点态度题。 根据最后一段内容可知，Long有证据证明公众科学是有效的，因为有学生说现在想要成为一名科学家。据此可推知，Long对公众科学持支持的态度，故B项正确。
答案：B
C
At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami，even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane.The chances are that as you did it，you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is.Animals，boxes，flowers and boats all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it.No cutting，no pasting.
But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering，or to think about equipment that could be of real practical use？Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive，like the everyday umbrella.In fact，origami­inspired creations have already flown in space；in 1995，Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that were folded like a map.
“It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything，” says physicist Robert J．Lang，who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full­time.Lang，an origami enthusiast since age six，advised a well­known car manufacturer on the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard(仪表板)．He is currently working on a space telescope lens that，if all goes according to the plan，should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.
At the other end of the scale，researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing.There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny，folded capacitors(电容器)for faster processing and better memory.
Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine.“Some day，” says MIT's Erik Demaine，“we'll build reconfigurable(可重构的)robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another，like Transformers.Doesn't it feel like science fiction comes true？Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it.”
[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了折纸工艺的应用，从折叠成各种东西到应用于工程学、太空等领域。
9．What do we know about origami?
A．It consumes lots of time.
B．It involves interesting ideas.
C．It requires complex techniques.
D．It has to do with cutting and pasting.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段，尤其是第二句“The chances are that as you did it，you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is.”可推知，折纸工艺涉及有趣的想法。
答案：B
10．Which of the following is an application of origami?
A．A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.
B．A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.
C．An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.
D．A future computer contains many huge folded capacitors.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段，尤其是其中的“advised a well­known car manufacturer on the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard”可知，安全气囊可以更好地折叠放进汽车仪表板是折纸工艺的一种应用。
答案：C
11．What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?
A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful.
C．Disapproving. D．Ambiguous.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段Erik Demaine所说的话可知，他认为利用折纸工程学，将来我们可以制造可重构的机器人。由此可推知，他对折纸工程学抱有希望。
答案：A
12．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Culture.
C．Education. D．Technology.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了折纸工艺在工程学、太空领域等的应用。由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的工艺专栏。
答案：D