人教版初中英语学习总结目标.doc

Unit 1 My name's Gina.
 语言要点
1. — What's your name?
— My name's Gina.

2. — What's your first name?
— My first name is Tom.

3. — What's your family name?
— My family name is Green.

4. — Nice to meet you!
— Nice to meet you, too!

5. — What's your phone number?
— It's 4879-5843.

学习目标
目标话题
个人情况
目标功能
1. 学会用英文介绍自己及问候他人
2. 学会询问和提供电话号码
目标结构
1. be 动词一般现在时的用法
   My name is Gina.
   I am Mary.
   You are Nancy.
2. 形容词性物主代词my，your，his，her的用法
   My name is Jenny.
   His name is Tony.
   Her name is Gina.
目标词汇
核心词
my, name, is , clock, I , am, nice, to, meet, you, what, your, hello, hi, his, and, her, question, answer, look, first, last, boy, girl, zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, telephone, number, phone, it, card, family
词组
first name, last name, telephone number, phone number, ID card, family name
目标文化
1. 了解和运用英语中常见的问候语
2. 初步了解英语国家的姓氏
目标策略
对所给信息进行总结和归纳

Unit 2 Is this your pencil?
语言要点 
1. --- Is this your pencil?
--- Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

2. --- What's this in English?
--- It's a pen.

3. --- How do you spell it?
    --- P-E-N.

学习目标

目标话题
教室里的物品
目标功能
1. 学会根据场景询问物品的所属
2. 学会如何写寻物启示和失物招领
目标结构
1. Yes / No问句及其简略回答
   A: Excuse me, Mary. Is this your pencil?
   B: Yes, thank you.
   A. Is that your backpack?
   B: No, it isn't.
2. 指示代词this和that的用法
   A: Is this / that your pencil?
   B: Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
3. 不定冠词a / an 的用法
   This is a watch. That's an orange.
目标词汇
核心词
this, pencil, pen, book, eraser, ruler, dictionary, that, yes, no, not, excuse, thank, OK, in, English, a, how, do, spell, watch, computer, game, computer, game, key, notebook, ring, call, at, the, lost, found, please, school, of
拓展词
case, pencil
认读词
backpack, sharpener
词组
pencil case, pencil sharpener, excuse me, computer game, lost and found, a set of
目标文化
了解西方国家有关寻物启示和失物招领的文化
目标策略
有选择地听，抓关键信息。

Unit 3 This is my sister.
 语言要点
1. This is my brother.

2. --- Is she your sister?
    --- Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

学习目标

目标话题
家庭和朋友
目标功能
1. 介绍家人和朋友
2. 辨别人物之间的亲属关系
3. 学会写简短的英文信
目标结构
1. 使用指示代词this，that，these，those介绍家庭成员和朋友
   This is my uncle,
   That is my brother.
   These are his friends.
   Those are your sister.
2. 人称代词主格及形容词性物主代词的用法
   She is my sister,
   Her name is Linda.
   Is she your sister?
   Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
目标词汇
核心词
sister, mother, father, parent, brother, friend, grandmother, grandfather, grandparent, these, are, those, she, he, aunt, son, cousin, daughter, uncle, picture, dear, for, photo, here
词组
thanks for
目标文化
了解西方国家的家庭结构，家庭成员关系，比较中西方差异
目标策略
1. 熟悉信息的转换，将文字信息转换为树形图。
2. 了解词的合成，帮助记忆单词。

Unit 4 Where's my backpack?
 语言要点
1. --- Where's my backpack?
--- It's under the table.
--- Where're my books?
--- They are on the sofa.
在询问物品位置的时候使用Where问句。

2. --- Are they on the sofa?
--- Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
在询问物品位置的时候使用be动词一般疑问句。

学习目标

目标话题
房间内的物品
目标功能
描述物品的位置
目标结构
1. where引导的特殊疑问句
   Where is the baseball?
   Where's my computer game?
   Where are his books?
2. 介词on，in，under等的用法
   They're on the sofa.
   It's in the backpack.
   The watch is under the bed.
目标词汇
核心词
where, table, bed, sofa, chair, drawer, plant, under, they, on, know, bag, math, CD, vido, tape, hat, take, thing, to, mom, can, bring, some, need, floor, room, TV, desk
拓展词
alarm
认读词
dresser, bookcase
词组
alarm clock, video tape
目标文化
了解美国孩子的一些生活情况，如房间的布置与打扫，父母和孩子间关系的处理
目标策略
1. 听时抓住对话中的重点词语
2. 对单词进行分类

Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? 
语言要点
1. --- Do you have a basketball?
--- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
--- Does he have a tennis racket?
--- Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

2. --- Let's watch TV.
--- No, that sounds boring.
--- Let's play ping-pong.
--- That sounds great.

学习目标
目标话题
日常活动与体育爱好
目标功能
1. 学会谈论物品的所属
2. 学会用let's提建议
目
标
结
构
1. 动词have（有）的用法及助动词do和does的用法
Do you have a TV? Yes, I do.
Does he have a soccer ball? No, he doesn't.
I don't have a ping-pong ball.
He doesn't have a sports collection.
2. 祈使句型Let's ...的使用
Let's play soccer.
Let's watch TV.
3. 描述性形容词的使用
That sounds interesting.
Volleyball is so difficult.
目标词汇
核心词
have, soccer, ball, tennis, ping-pong, volleyball, basketball, let, us, play, well, sound, good, sport, we, many, club, more, class, interesting, boring, fun, difficult, relaxing, watch, has, great, but, only, them, every day
拓展词
bat, collection
认读词
racket
词组
soccer ball, tennis racket, watch TV, play sports
目标文化
了解西方常见的体育运动，如篮球、棒球、网球、橄榄球、冰球等；比较American football和soccer ball的区别。
目标策略
1. 通过记词根和词缀来记单词
2. 阅读时通过上下文推测生词意义

Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
 语言要点
1. --- Do you like hamburgers?
--- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
--- Does he like salad?
--- Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

2. They like oranges. They don't like broccoli.
Mr Baker likes chicken. He doesn't like carrots.

3. --- What do the students like to eat for breakfast?
--- They usually eat eggs, bread and milk for it.
--- What does Kate like for lunch?
--- She likes to have hot dogs, French fries and tomatoes for lunch.

学习目标

目标话题
饮食
目标功能
谈论自己和他人喜欢与不喜欢的食物
目
标
结
构
1. 动词like一般现在时的用法
Do you like oranges?
They like salad.
She doesn't like bananas.
2. 可数名词的复数及不可数名词
I like eggs, bananas, hamburgers, pears and carrots.
I don't like salad, chicken, dessert, ice cream or broccoli.
目标词汇
核心词
like, banana, hamburger, tomato, orange, ice, salad, strawberry, pear, have, food, egg, apple, chicken, breakfast, lunch, dinner, fruit, vegetable, eat, well, run, star, lot, healthy, list
拓展词
cream, oh, carrot, runner, dessert
认读词
broccoli
词组
French fries, ice cream, lots of
目标文化
了解西方食物和饮食习惯，比较中西方饮食文化的差异。
目标策略
1. 对所学知识进行分类
2. 通过上下文推测关键生词的含义

词汇
可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）
问：什么是可数名词，什么又是不可数名词？
 答：英语中的名词与汉语有所不同，分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词在使用时，如果表示一个以上的意义时，名词要变为复数形式。不可数名词没有复数。
 问：可数名词变复数有哪些规律呢？
 答：可数名词变复数一般来说是在词尾加-s；以字母s，sb，ch，x结尾的词加-es，部分以字母o结尾的加-es，如tomatoes，以辅音字母加y结尾的词，将y变成i再加-es。你发现了吗？可数名词变复数的规律与动词第三人称单数的变化规则是相似的。
 问：是不是所有的名词变复数都是有规则的呢？
 答：有些可数名词复数的变化是无规则的，例如：child --- children。
 问：有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。它们表达的意义相同吗？
 答：有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但它们表达的意义是不同的，见下表：

 可数名词
不可数名词
chicken（鸡）
chicken（鸡肉）
fish（鱼）
fish（鱼肉）
an ice cream（一个冰淇淋）
ice cream（冰淇淋这一类）
a tomato salad（一种西红柿沙拉）
salad（沙拉这一类）

Unit 7 How much are these pants?
语言要点
1. --- How much is the blue T-shirt?
--- It's ten dollars.
--- How much are these socks?
--- They are two dollars.
--- How much is the milk?
--- It's one dollar.
    在询问某件物品的价格时，使用以 how much 引导的特殊疑问句。当物品是可数名词单数及不可数名词时，be 动词用单数形式is。当物品是可数名词复数时，be 动词用复数形式are。

2. --- Ok. I'll take it. Thank you.
--- You are welcome.

3. --- Can I help you?
--- Yes, please.
    在商店购物时，售货员招呼顾客的常用语。
Unit 8 When is your birthday?
 语言要点
1. --- When is your birthday?
--- My birthday is November 11th.
--- When is Sarah's birthday?
--- Sarah's birthday is January 21st.
在询问某人的生日时，使用when引导的特殊疑问句。日期的常用表达方式有两种：（1）月日年，如：November 11，2005；（2）日月年，如：11 November，2005。

2. --- How old are you?
--- I am fifteen.
       人的年龄时，使用how old 引导的特殊疑问句。

3. --- When is the volleyball game?
--- It's April 19th.

 学习目标
目标话题
日期
目标功能
1. 谈论自己、同学以及父母家人的生日
2. 谈论活动的日期
目
标
结
构
1. 序数词的使用
My birthday is February 8th.
The school trip is on the first day of May.
2. when引导的特殊疑问句询问时间
When is your birthday?
When is the football game?
When are these festivals?
3. 名词所有格
When is your father's birthday?
Tom's bedroom is very beautiful.
目标词汇
核心词
when, birthday, month, January-December, fourth, second, third, fifth, sixth, seventh, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, date, happy, birth, age, old, speech, party, trip, art, festival, Chinese, music, year
认读词
contest
词组
Happy birthday! how old, basketball game, volleyball game, school day, ... year(s) old
目标文化
介绍西方询问年龄的常识，避免交际得体性错误。
目标策略
1. 了解语言交际得体性，避免交际得体性错误。
2. 推测句子逻辑关系完成对话。

词汇
1. date
date意为“日期”，用于问句时，回答要具体地说出某日，也可包括某月或某年。但不要与day相混，day是指“星期几”。比较：
A: What's the date today?
B: It's 5 July, 2006.
A: What day is it today?
B: It's Friday.
另外，我们知道汉语中日期的写法是从年到月到日这个顺序排列，而英语中日期的写法可以从月、日到年，也可从日、月再到年。例如：2006年8月30日的英文写法可以是August 30, 2006，也可以是30 August, 2006。

2. old
old主要有以下几种用法：（1）表示“岁数大的”，如：get old变老，old Tom老汤姆（汤姆爷爷）；（2）表示年龄，相当于age，如：How old are you? 你多大了？（而不是“你有多老了？”）又如：I'm twenty years old. 我二十岁了。（3）表示“旧的”，与“新的”相对。如：a pair of old shoes一双旧鞋。

3. 基数词变序数词
one（加箭头）first
two（加箭头）second
three（加箭头）third
four（加箭头）fourth
five（加箭头）fifth
twelve（加箭头）twelfth
thirteen（加箭头）thirteenth
twenty（加箭头）twentieth
thirty（加箭头）thirtieth
forty（加箭头）fortieth
fifty（加箭头）fiftieth
sixty（加箭头）sixtieth
twenty-one（加箭头）twenty-first
thirty-two（加箭头）thirty-second
forty-three（加箭头）forty-third
fifty-four（加箭头）fifty-fourth

Unit 9 Do you want to go to a movie?
 语言要点
1. I want to go to a movie.
--- Do you want to go to a movie?
--- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

2. He wants to go to a movie.
--- Does he want to go to a movie?
--- Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

3. --- What kind of movie do you like?
--- I like action movies and thrillers, but I don't like documentaries.

4. Maria likes thrillers but she doesn't like comedies. Jack likes cartoons best.

5. I think Beijing Opera is very interesting. / I don't think it's great.

学习目标

目标话题
电影
目标功能
1. 谈论并描述喜欢和不喜欢的电影类型
2. 表达自己的意愿
目
标
结
构
1. 连词and和but的使用
I like thrillers and I like action movies.
I like comedies but I don't like documentaries.
2. 学会使用描述性的形容词
It's a very successful thriller.
I think this comedy is boring.
目标词汇
核心词
go, movie, action, kind, find, someone, who, student, funny, sad, exciting, really, often, think, learn, about, history, with, favorite, new, successful, weekend, too
拓展词
comedy, documentary, thriller, scary, actor
词组
go to a movie, Beijing Opera
目标文化
了解各种类型电影的英文表达方式，比较各类电影的特点。
目标策略
1. 有选择性地听取关键信息。
2. 推测对话逻辑顺序，重组对话。
3. 阅读不同类型的信息，如表格。

Unit 10 Can you play the guitar?
 语言要点
1. --- Can you swim?
--- Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

2. --- Can he paint?
--- Yes, he can. / No, he can't.

3. --- What can you / he / she?
--- I／He / She can play the piano.

4. --- Hi, can I help you?
--- Yes, please.

5. I want to join the music club.

6. --- What club do you want to join?
--- I want to join ...

7. Maybe you can be in our school concert.
8. May I know your name / telephone number / address?

9. --- How can we contact you?
--- My e-mail address is ...

10. Here is a / an ... / Here are ...

学习目标
目标话题
自己的兴趣及能力
目标功能
1. 学会用can谈论自己在某一方面所具有的能力
2. 学会用what询问他人的爱好
3. 学会写招聘广告
目
标
结
构
情态动词can的用法
I can / can't play the violin.
A: Can you sing?
B: Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
A: What can you do?
B: I can play the drums.
目标词汇
核心词
guitar, join, dance, swim, sing, chess, paint, speak, kid, our, drum, piano, violin, or, then, be, rock, show, Sunday, pm, may, draw, little, e-mail, address, why
拓展词
musician, band
认读词
trumpet
词组
a little
目标文化
了解西方学生的课余生活，如课外俱乐部等
目标策略
1. 通过单词正、反义词的比较掌握单词用法。
2. 很快从文章中找到所需信息的寻读技巧。

词汇
·No. 1  say, speak和talk
say 可用作及物动词，后面可以直接带宾语，意思是“说出”；“讲”，重点强调说的内容。如：She says nothing. 她什么都没说。talk多用作不及物动词，常与介词to或about联用，意思是“谈话”；“交谈”，强调动作本身，有时侧重与别人交谈。如：Can I talk to you? 我能和你谈谈吗？speak可用作及物动词，宾语可以是“某种语言”。当speak表示“谈话”的意思时，比talk更正式些。Tell意思是“告诉”；“讲述”，强调告诉某人某事。tell是及物动词，常接双宾语，即tell somebody something，如：My parents often tell me stories. 我爸妈经常给我讲故事。

·No. 2 little和few
两者都有表示“少”。little用于不可数名词前，而few用于可数名词前。a little和a few都表示“有一些；少量的”，区别也是前者修饰不可数名词，后者修饰可数名词。如：little time很少时间；few friends没几个朋友；a little money有些钱；a few minutes几分钟。

·No. 3 join和join in
join 意为“加入某一种组织，成为其中一员”，join后面可接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。例如：My uncle joined the Party in 1978. 我叔叔是1978年入党的。We are going for a swim. Will you come and join us? 我们要去游泳，你和我们一起去好吗？join in 表示“加入”“参加”某种活动，in 之后可接名词活动词-ing形式，表示“参加某人的活动”，可以说join sb. in (doing) sth.。例如：He joined them in the work. 他同他们一起工作。Will you join us in playing basketball? 你跟我们一起打篮球好吗？

Unit 11 What time do you go to school?
 语言要点
1. 用when或what time 询问时间，如：
--- What time do you get up?
--- I get up at six o'clock.
--- When do you usually go to bed?
--- I usually go to bed at nine o'clock.

2. 表达正点时间用数字加o'clock，表达几点几分可以先说小时再说分钟，如：
   I take a shower at seven o'clock.
   I watch TV at eight twenty.
   --- What time is it? / What is the time?
   --- It's eight fifteen.

学习目标
目标话题
日常生活和作息习惯
目标功能
1. 学会不同时间段的表达法，并会用when，what time询问时间。
2. 学会用频率副词谈论自己的常用生活。
目
标
结
构
1. what time，when开头的特殊疑问句
What time do you usually get up?
When do you take a shower?
When does she go to school?
2. What time is it?问句及回答
A: What time is it?    B: It's five o'clock.
3. 频率副词usually等
 I usually go to school at seven o'clock.
目标词汇
核心词
time, shower, usually, work, hour, brush, teeth, after, bus, hotel, all, night, love, listen, home, morning, job, am, afternoon, evening, homework, letter, around, start, write, tell, me, soon, best, wish, Saturday
词组
get up, take a shower, eat breakfast, take a bus, watch TV, go to work, do homework, go to bed, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
目标文化
了解西方国家学生日常作息习惯以及在校的日常活动，比较中西方学生作息时间的差异。
目标策略
1. 了解单词后缀，帮助记忆更多单词。
2. 了解信息的转换，如将文字内容转化为以表格形式来呈现。

词汇
No. 1 p.m. 和a.m.
p.m.是拉丁文past meridiem的缩写词，即afternoon，置于表示时间的数字后，通常小写。如：at 2 p.m. = at 2 in the afternoon，下午2点。The shop opens from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m..商店营业时间从上午9点到下午5点。a.m.是拉丁文ante meridiem的缩写词，即before noon。如：at 9 a.m. = at 9 in the morning。The bank opens at 9 a.m..银行上午9点开门。

·No. 2 morning, afternoon和evening
在this，that，next，every等词的前面不加任何介词。如：this morning，今天早晨，tomorrow afternoon，明天下午，next Monday，下星期一，last Sunday，上星期天，every month，每个月。若前面加the，则需用介词in，即in the morning / afternoon / evening，在早晨/下午/晚上。

·No. 3 listen和hear
listen和hear都有“听”的意思，listen是表示听的动作和过程，而hear则是“听见”“听到”，强调听的结果。如：She listens but hears nothing. 她听了，但什么也听不到。

Unit 12 My favorite subject is science.
 语言要点
1. --- What's your favorite subject?
--- My favorite subject is English.

2. --- Why do you like P. E.?
--- Because it's fun.

3. --- Do you like math?
--- Yes, I do.

4. --- Who is your science teacher?
--- Mr Wang.

学习目标
目标话题
学校课程
目标功能
谈论自己所喜欢的学科并给出理由
目
标
结
构
用what，why，who引导的特殊疑问句
A: What's your favorite subject?
B: My favorite subject is math.
A: Why do you like math?
B: Because it's interesting.
A: Who is your art teacher?
B: My art teacher is Mrs Wang.
目标词汇
核心词
subject, science, P. E, because, description, word, teacher, who, Mrs, city, dad, Tuesday, Thursday, Wednesday, Friday, Monday, busy, next, strict, tired, Miss, ask, any, dog, around
拓展词
partner, biology
目标文化
了解西方国家的学校制度，比较中西方学制的差异。
目标策略
1. 培养推测能力，如根据词的解释推测单词。
2. 根据时间提示确定事件的先后顺序。

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