形容词、副词(六年级英语).doc

形容词、副词词及其比较等级
一． 形容词、副词的概念。
形容词：是用来直接或间接地修饰，限定名词来说明人或物的性质、状态或特性的词。
副词：是用来修饰动词或整个句子，使其更具体、更全面、更生动地描述动作或整个事情进行情况的词。

一．形容词、副词的用法
1.形容词一般在句子中作定语，放在名词前，都含有“……的”意思。
如：a nice watch 一只漂亮的手表
a clever boy一个聪明的男孩
an empty box一个空箱子
a beautiful girl一个美丽的女孩
delicious food 可口的食物
an interesting book一本有趣的书
注意：有些形容词只能放在连系动词后做表语，不能修饰名词。
如： The boy is asleep.
Lucy and Lily look alike.
Her mother is ill.

2.副词一般修饰动词，可以放在句子的前面、中间或最后。
如：They live happily.(快乐地)
They are listening to the teacher carefully.（认真地）
Don’t speak loudly in class.（大声地）
注意：连系动词不用副词修饰，直接加形容词做表语。
连系动词有feel, smell, get, become, turn, sound, look等。
如：Her face became pale.苍白的
The fish smells terrible.难闻的
The food tastes delicious.可口的
This cloth feels soft.柔软的

3. 部分形容词加-ly可变成副词。
如：形容词 副词
quick quickly
slow slowly
quiet quietly
careful carefully
happy happily
注意：并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词，名词加-ly可变形容词。
如： 名词 形容词
friend friendly友好的
sister sisterly 姐妹的
brother brotherly兄弟的
love lovely可爱的

有些名词加-y可变成形容词。如：
名词 形容词
rain rainy下雨的
snow snowy下雪的
could cloudy多云的
salt salty咸的
fog fogy有雾的
sand sandy有沙的
wind windy有风的

三．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化，表示“比……更……”或“最……”。形容词用来表示物得等级差别一般有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。如：
tall- taller- tallest little- less- least fast- faster- fastest

1.规则变化
规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况下，+er, +est
quick
clever
quicker
cleverer
quickest
cleverest
一不发音的e结尾的单音节词，+r, +st
nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再+er, +est
heavy
easy
happy
heavier
easier
happier
heaviest
easiest
happiest
重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再+er, +est
fat
big
thin
wet
fatter
bigger
thinner
wetter
fattest
biggest
thinnest
wettest
部分双音节和多音节词要在前面加more或most
careful
interesting
beautiful
more careful
more interesting
more beautiful
most careful
most interesting
most beautiful

2.不规则变化
good/well- better- best
bad- worse- worst
many/much- more- most
little- less- least
far- farther- farthest
far- further- furthest
old- older- oldest
old- elder- elder

四．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法。
一．原级的用法
1. as 原级as… 如…一样…A or B?
如：Lily is as tall as Lucy.莉莉和露西一样高。

2. not as…as…=not so…as… 不如…… (表示否定)
如: Mike is not as clever as Tom.迈克不如汤姆聪明。
He is not so tall as his sister. 他没有姐姐长得高。

二．形容词、副词的比较级的用法。
1. 句子结构：A + be….比较级 than + B。
如：He is taller than me .他长得比我高。

注意：much, rather, far, a bit, a little, even这些词常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
如：He is much taller than Peter. 他的个子比彼得的个子高得多。

2. 形容词或副词的最高级前要用the,副词的最高级前的the可省去。
如：He runs (the) fastest in his class.他在班上跑得最快。
Yao Ming is the tallest in Chinese basketball team.
姚明是中国篮球队中长得最高的队员。

3. who/which + be+ 比较级，
如： Who is taller, Tom or John?

4. much/ a little, a lot等可以修饰比较级
如：The elephant is much bigger than the dog.

5. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 表示“越。。。。。。就越。。。。。。”
如：The more you learn, the more you know.

6. 形容词比较级+ and +形容词比较级 表示“越来越。。。。。。”
如：The clothes are more and more expensive.衣服越来越贵了
The ball is bigger and bigger. 气球越来越大了。
三．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法。
1 .who/which + be+ 比较级，
如： Who is the tallest, Tom , Tim or John?
2. one of the 最高级+名词复数： 表示最。。。的。。。其中之一
如：She is one of the tallest girls in her class.
3. ……+ be + the +序数词+ 最高级+单数名词+比较范围 表示“是…的第几”
如：She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我们班第二高的学生。
专题训练 （简单型）
一．按要求写出下列单词的正确形式。
1. good(比较级)_____________ 2. thin (最高级) _____________
3. heavy(比较级) _____________ 4. happy(最高级) _____________
5. bad(比较级) _____________ 6. little(最高级) _____________
7. far(比较级) _____________ 8. careful(副词) _____________
9. slow(副词) _____________ 10. earliest (原级) _____________
一．写出下面次的比较级和最高级。
1. tall ____________ ____________ 2. heavy ____________ ___________
3. small ____________ ____________ 4. big ____________ ___________
5. young ____________ ____________ 6. old ____________ ___________
7. fat ____________ ____________ 8. strong ____________ ___________
9. thin ____________ ____________ 10. much ____________ ___________
11. good ____________ ____________ 12. little ____________ ___________
13. easy ____________ ____________ 14. large ____________ ___________
15. high ____________ ____________ 16. pretty ____________ ___________
17. late ____________ ____________ 18. slowly ___________ ___________
19. beautiful ____________________ ______________________
20. interesting __________________ _______________________

二．选择题。(简单型)
（ ）1. The yellow shoes are _________ than the blue ones.
A. expensive B. expensiver C. more expensive
（ ）2. A cow is ______ bigger than a mouse.
A. more B. much C. many
（ ）3. Who’s the ______, Jean, Joan or Jennet?
A. thinner B. thinest C. thinnest
（ ）4. I don’t have enough money for this skirt . I want to buy a _______ skirt.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest
（ ）5. Tim is _________ than Jack.
A. funny B. much funny C. funnier
（ ）6. There is ______ water in this bottle than in that one.
A. little B. less C. least
（ ）7. I’m taller than others in my class. I’m ________.
A. tall B. tallest C. the tallest
（ ）8. Who can sing better _______ Rose?
A. than B. then C. /
（ ）9. I have _______ books than you have.
A. many B. much C. more
（ ）10. Nine is ______ pupil in my class.
A. good B. better C. the best

选择题。（中等型）
（ ）1. Which subject do you like ______, maths or English?
A. good B. better C. well D. best
（ ）2. This red rose is _______ of all flowers.
A. beautiful B. much more beautiful C. well D. the best
（ ）3. My book is newer than ______.
A. he B. his C. our D. we
（ ）4. He is _______ student in his class.
A. good B. better C. the best D. best
（ ）5. Look! The bee______ than the bird.
A. fly higher B. is flying higher C. as high as D. flies higher
（ ）6. His hens are ______ and fat.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
（ ）7. She knows ______ about history than most people.
A. more B. much C. most D. many
（ ）8. It was really a(an)______ story.
A. afraid B. excited C. exciting D. worried
（ ）9. Which city is ________ from here, Beijing or Shanghai?
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest
（ ）10. This building is _______ that tree.
A. so tall as B. as tall as C. so taller as D. as taller as

三．根据句意，用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空。
1. Winter is _____________(cold) season of the year.
2. Jim works ____________(hard), but hid brother works__________(hard) than he.
3. This radio is not so_____(cheap) as that one.
4. It’s much ________(hot) today than yesterday.
5. Please listen to me __________________(carefully).
6. I like getting up ___________(early).
7. Mr Smith is the ______________(rich) man in this office.
8. Things are getting __________(bad) and ____________(bad).
9. It smells ______________(terrible).
10. The higher you climb, the _________(cold) it will be.
11. The boy is ________(tall) than the girl.
12. She is the ___________(short) in her class.
13. His Chinese is __________(good) than his English.
14. She is ____________(heavy) than his sister.
15. The red apple is the ____________(big) of the three.
16. I’m ___________(thin) than Kate.

四．句型转换。
1. He isn’t so tall as his father.(改为同义句)
His father ___________ _________ than him.
2. He runs faster than any other people in the class.
He runs___________ __________ in the class.
3. I like English better than maths. (用which提问)
________ _____________you like better ,maths or English?
4. Lesson One is interesting. Lesson Two is more interesting.
Lesson One is__________ ____________than Lesson Two.
5. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
The Changjiang River is one of ______ _________ _________ in the world.

翻译下列短语。（简单型）
1. 可爱的女孩___________________ 2. 热狗___________________
3. 美丽的花朵___________________ 4. 高树___________________
5. 努力工作___________________ 6. 新的邮票___________________
7．幸福的家庭___________________ 8. 好学生___________________
9. 顽皮的猫___________________ 10. 同班___________________
11. 好消息___________________ 12. 整齐的房间_______________
13. 好朋友___________________ 14. 圆脸___________________
15. 仔细听___________________ 16. 长长的鼻子___________________
17. 晴天___________________ 18. 直走___________________
19. 雨天___________________ 20. 红灯___________________
21. 清洁的教室___________________ 22. 汉语老师___________________
23. 一起玩___________________ 24. 左手___________________
25. 有趣的游戏___________________ 26. 右脚___________________

将下列短语译成汉语。
a red apple____________________ a long and big bus_____________________
a long ruler____________________ a round ball_________________________
a nice dress____________________ a lovely girl________________________
a beautiful girl___________________ come late__________________________
a new stamp____________________ work hard________________________

读一读，填一填。（中等型）
1. I have a ____________________(新的地图)
2. Our school is ____________________（大的和干净的）
3. ________________ （又高又瘦的）boy is my brother.
4. My test book is ___________（薄的）, but my dictionary is _____________（厚的）
5. Her skirt is _____________（短的）, but her trousers are _____________（长的）.
6. The sun is ____________（热的）, and the snow is __________________（冷的）.
7. My brother is _____________（年轻的）, but my grandpa is _____________（年老的）
8. My father is ______________（瘦的）, but my mother is _____________（肥的）
9. The dog is ______________（较大）than the cat.
10. The girl is ____________ （最年轻）in Class 4.
11. My brother ________________________ (比我大一岁).
12. Some people think English ____________________________(重要过) than music.
13. (你更加喜欢哪一个)________________________________, pears or apples?
14. (我更加喜欢雪梨)____________________________________ than apples.
15. (谁是最漂亮的)________________________________, Jean, May or Jenny?
16. Mike (学习最努力)______________________________ of our three.
17. Kate jumps highest _______________________________(我们四个人中)
18. My father is the tallest ____________________________(在我们家).

用适当的反义词填空。（中等型）
1. Are those books new or _____________?
2. Our classroom is not ____________. It is very clean.
3. Is this a ___________ box or a small box?
4. Is your pencil long or __________?
5. My grandpa is so old , and my brother is so____________.
6. Is his answer right or ________________?
7. This woman is fat and that man is so ________________.
8. The ink is black and the paper is _________________.
9. This child is so short and his father is so ________________.
10. This book is so thin and that dictionary is so _____________________.
11. The weather is ______________. Let’s go into the cold water.
12. Don’t be late. Let’s go to school______________.

找出与句子中划线单词意思相反的词，将其序号填在括号内。
( )1. Wu Yan is 158 cm tall.
A. thin B. short C. fat
( )2. Amy is smaller than Sue.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest
( )3. Who’s fatter than you?
A. longer B. stronger C. thinner
( )4. I’m older and bigger than you.
A. taller and smaller B. younger and smaller C. younger and heavier
( )5. I’m 166 cm. I’m the tallest one in our class.
A. smallest B. thinnest C. shortest
选择正确的句子完成对话。（简单型）
A. How many seasons are there in a year?
B. It’s green with flowers.
C. No, it’s not cool. It’s very cold.
D. They’re spring, summer, fall and winter.

A: ______1_______
B: There’re four seasons in a year.
A: What are they ?
B: ______2_________.
A: What’s spring like?
B: ________3_______.
A: How about winter? Is it cool?
B: ______4_____

选择题。（模拟题）
( )1. Which is __________, the elephant or the horse?
A. heavy B. the heavier C. heavier D. the heaviest
( )2. Ben runs _________ than Tom.
A. slow B. fast C. faster D. slowly
( )3. Our classroom is ____________ one in our school.
A. bigger B. biggest C. big D. the biggest
( )4. The bottle of milk is ____________-. Could you give me a full one?
A. heavy B. empty C. small D. big
( )5. The white shirt is as _______ as the yellow ine.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
( )6. Shanghai ____________ than Shenyang.
A. are warmer B. is warmer C. warmer D. the warmer
( )7. This box is the ____________ of the three.
A. heavy B. heavier C. the heaviest D. heaviest
( )8. The woman is fifty, but she looks_______.
A. new B. young C. thin D. old
( )9. Do you play the piano________?
A. badly B. bad C. good D. nice
( )10. It’s getting _________ now.
A. warmer and warmer B. warm and warm
C. the warmer and the warmer D. more and more warm
( )11. Mary likes singing, but she sings very_________.
A. badly B. bad C. good D. well

( )12. Fujian is _________ warmer than Beijing in spring.
A. more B. much C. many D. most
( )13. I am much ________ than you.
A. strong B. stronger C. the stronger D. strongest
( )14. I’m 12 years ________.
A. old B. older C. oldest D. elder
( )15. The man is old, but he looks ________.
A. good B. nice C. right D. young\
( )16. ______ Helen’s schoolbag _______ than Nancy’s?
A. Is, heavy B. Is, heavier C. Does, heavier D. Are, heavier
( )17. I think he is ________ old.
A. very B. much C. more D. very much
( )18. Tom is my ___________ film star.
A. like B. best C. favorite D. good
( )19. All of us were very _____ at the party.
A. excited B. exciting C. an exciting D. excite
( )20. My uncle is forty, but he ________ than my father.
A. look young B. looks like young
C. looks younger D. looks getting young
( )21. The monkey is not as_______ as we are.
A. clever B. cleverer C. cleverest D. the cleverest
( )22. Peter is older than any other ________ in his class.
A. students B. the students C. student D. student’s
( )23. Winter is the _____ season of the year.
A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. colder