初中英语语法---形容词和副词(含测验).doc

专题复习---形容词和副词（一）
一、 形容词的构成及其用法
用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。
Eg. Those big moon cakes are delicious. (作表语)
Eg. There are many beautiful flowers in the park. (作定语)
1. 修饰词尾为-body/-one; -thing不定代词时，必须放在其后。
Eg. There’s nothing wrong with my bike.
Eg. Please give me something delicious to eat.
Eg. Anybody clever can’t do such stupid things.
2. 表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：
数词+名词+形容词
12 years old/ 8meters long/ 3 meters wide/ 100 kilometers high/ 1.8meters tall
Eg. It’s a river 6 meters deep.
Eg. That’s a road 300 kilometers long.
Eg. The young man is 1.8 meters tall.
3. 系动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）之后要接形容词
Eg. The soup tastes nice.
Eg. They all looked very happy after hearing the good news.
4. –ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别
-ed形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing形容词通常用来形容事或物
如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed
(某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松
disappointing /exciting /interesting /surprising /boring /amazing/ relaxing
（某事）令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的
5. “the +部分形容词” 表示“一类人”
the young the old the rich the poor
二、 副词的构成和用法。
副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。
副词的构成形式主要有两大类：
1. 单词本身就是副词。例如：often, now, always, then, yesterday, today, much, very, a bit, so, here, there,等
2. 大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，其构成方法见下表：
大多数形容词
直接加-ly
bad-badly; careful-carefully
以-y结尾的形容词
变-y为-i, 再加ly
easy-easily; busy-busily
以le结尾的形容词
去掉-e, 再加-y
terrible-terribly; gentle-gently
以辅音+e结尾的形容词
直接加-ly
nice-nicely; safe-safely
以元音+e结尾的形容词
去掉--e, 再加-ly
true-truly
注意：(1)形容词good的副词形式是well
(2)high; fast; late; early等形容词和副词同形
(3)有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的)；lovely(可爱的)；lively（生动的）；ugly（丑陋的）；lonely（孤独的；寂寞的）
3. enough(足够的；足够地)：当enough修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。
Eg: We have enough food to eat.
Eg. The clothes are soft enough for you to wear.
4. 易混词辨析
1）hard和hardly
hard 作“艰辛的，坚硬的”时是形容词；作“努力地，辛苦地”是副词
hardly 意为“几乎不”，只能作副词
eg. The diamond is very hard.
The old man lived a hard life in the past.
Mary works very hard, but his brother is very lazy and he hardly works.
2）alone和lonely
alone意为“单独地，独自地”，作副词，强调客观事实
lonely意为“寂寞的，孤独的”作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩
eg. The old lady lives alone, but she never feels lonely.
课堂练习：
Task1:翻译短语。
1. 忙碌的一天 2. 回家晚
3. 仔细地书写 4. 一本有趣的书
5. 非常喜欢 6. 美丽的花
7. 刚才 8. 立即
9. 九个新学生 10. 静静地坐着
11. 起床早 12. 度长假
13. 快乐的女孩 14. 大大的蓝色眼睛
Task2: 用所给词的正确形式填空.
1. Ken is _______ in playing football, he thinks football is _______.(interest)
2. I feel very ________ now, doing nothing at home is ____________.(bore)
3. I feel ________________ at the _________________ news. (disappoint)
4. We will make you ____________ by the _____________ hairstyle.(excite)
5. You will be _____________ by reading this _____________ film.(relax)
6. We all felt ______________ when we heard of the _______________ news.(surprise)
7. I won’t feel if I don’t find answers. (satisfy)
Task3: 单项选择。
1. We are . Because his story is not .
A. tired; old B. sleepy(欲睡的); interesting
C. hungry; delicious D. happy; interesting
2. It’s very . Please close the door and the windows.
A. cold B. hot C. warm D. expensive
3. Jack went to school . His parents were angry.
A. late B. early C. well D. soon
4. The children are sleeping. Please walk .
A. fast B. beautifully C. quiet D.quietly
5. Tom goes to the zoo. The dogs there know him.
A. soon B. often C. carefully D. kind
6. It’s summer. Autumn is coming .
A. very much B. just now C. tomorrow D. soon
7. This river is .
A. 500 meter long B. 500 meters long
C. 500 long meters D. 500 long meter
8. Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress!
A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily
9. The question is for you to answer.
A. enough easy B. enough easily C. easy enough D. easily enough
10. The ice in the lake is about one meter . It’s strong enough to skate on.
A. long B. high C. thick D. wide
11. I have to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
12. Pass my glasses to me, Jack. Because I can read the words in the newspaper.
A. hardly B. really C. clearly D. nearly
13. The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel .
A. lonely B. alone C. happily D. friendly
14. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining .
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
15. He looked at it again.
A. care B. carefulness C. careful D. carefully
课后练习：
Task1: 根据句意及所给提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The little girl is crying (sad).
2. Simon is a good car salesman. He can sell cars very (good).
3. Your math is not very good. You should study it (hard).
4. Do you see the girl over there? She can dance
(beautiful).
5. We saw many different birds in the park and we learn to tell people about them
(correct).
Task2: 选择形容词或副词（划线部分），连词成句。
1. The birds; nice/ nicely; sing
2. soft/softly; she; the door; closed
3. speak; fluent/ fluently; three languages; can; she
4. careful/ carefully; write your report; please
5. Mr Zhang; in; working; busy/ busily; the office; is
Task3: 单项选择。
1. ---Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more ?
---Sorry! I thought you would follow me.
A. slowly B. politely C. seriously D. clearly
2. ---Your coffee smells .
---Thank you. I made it by myself. Would you like to taste it?
A. well B. sweet C. nicely D. bad
3. The shoes sell , because they are in quality.
A. good; well B. good; good C. well; well D. well; good
4. He is a worker and does everything .
A. careful; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully; careful D. careful; carefully
5. Remember not to speak when we are in the reading room.
A. fast B. slowly C. politely D. loudly
6. The Internet is very useful for us. We can find information .
A. easy B. easily C. excitedly D. angrily
7. It was very in the classroom, so the teacher had to walk .
A. quiet; quietly B. quietly; quiet C. quiet; quiet D. quietly; quietly
8. The meat smells . You’d better throw it away.
A. badly B. bad C. good D. well
9. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so .
A. well B. nice C. wonderfully D. nicely
10. ---Your father doesn’t look . He’s looking at you. What’s wrong?
---I’ve broken his vase.
A. happy; angry B. happily; angrily
C. happy; angrily D. happily; angry
11. The young lady walked into the room in order not to wake up the baby.
A. quickly B. quietly C. slowly D. hurriedly
12. ---Don’t worry. My mother will look after your baby .
---Thanks a lot.
A. careful enough B. enough careful
C. enough careful D. carefully enough
专题复习---形容词和副词(二)
三、 形容词和副词比较等级的构成：(重点)
1. 规则变化：
1） 一般在词尾加-er或-est
如：long-longer-longest; fast-faster-fastest;
high-higher-highest; strong-stronger-strongest
2) 以字母e结尾的词，直接加-r或者-st
如：wide-wider-widest; nice-nicer-nicest; large-larger-largest
3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i, 再加-er或-est
如：happy-happier-happiest; easy-easier-easiest; busy-busier-busiest
4) 以“辅-元-辅”结构结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er或-est
如：hot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest
5) 部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加more或most
如：useful-more useful-most useful helpful-more helpful-most helpful
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
expensive-more expensive-most expensive
difficult-more difficult-most difficult
important-more important-most important
2. 不规则变化：
口诀：多好与一点点坏；相差很远加一老
many/much-more-most
good/well-better-best
little-less-least
bad-worse-worst
far-farther-farthest/ far-further-furthest
注意：farther/ farthest---表示实际距离，意为：“更远的/最远的”
Eg. I can’t walk any farther.
further/ furthest---表示抽象距离，意为：“更进一步/最深层次的”
eg. further talk/ communication
old-older-oldest/ old-older-oldest
older/oldest: 表示年龄上的大小，而elder/ eldest表示辈份上的大小
eg. He is five years older than me.
eg. elder sister/ brother
四、 形容词和副词的等级用法：（重难点）
1. 原级的用法：
肯定句：A+谓语+as+adj原级+as+B 表示“A与B一样…”
Eg. Mary is as tall as Lily.
Eg. This room is as wide as that one.
否定句：A+谓语+not+as/so+adj原级+as+B 表示“A不如B”
Eg. Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.
拓展：与比较级进行转换：
=Mary is shorter than Lily.
=Lily is taller than Mary.
2. 比较级的用法：
两者之间进行比较，than是比较级的标志
1）A+谓语+比较级+than+B 表示“A比B更……”
Eg. This room is bigger than that one.
2) Who/ Which+谓语+比较级，A or B? 表示“A或B哪个更……”
Eg. Who is more beautiful? Lily or Lucy?
Eg. Which tastes better? apple or orange?
3) ……+be+the+比较级+of the two.
Eg. Moli is the better of the two girls.
4) 单音节词：比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越……”
双音节词：more and more+adj/ adv原级 表示“越来越……”
Eg. Grandpa is getting older and older.
Eg. Sara is turning more and more beautiful.
5) the+比较级，the+比较级 表示“越……，越……”
eg. The more, the better.
Eg. The happier he is, the healthier he will be.
注意：比较级前可以用much; a little; far; even; a lot; any 等修饰，而very; too; quite 等词不能修饰比较级。
3. 最高级的用法：
三者或三者以上的比较用最高级，表示“最”，形容词最高级前面的“the”绝对不可以省略，而副词最高级前的“the”可以省略。
1）……the+最高级+of/in……, of 后接数字，in后接范围
注意：此句型中of与in是要用最高级的标志
Eg. He is the tallest of the three/ four/ five…/all.
Eg. He is the tallest in his class.
2) Who/ Which+谓语+最高级，A or B or C?
Eg. Who is the best? Susan, Linda or Mandy?
3） ……+be+one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“最……之一”
Eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
4) ……the+序数词+最高级…… 表示“第几……的”
Eg. He is the second tallest student in his class.
Eg. She is the third youngest lady in the group.
4. 原级，比较级和最高级之间的转换。
1） 原级和比较级之间的转换
Eg. Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.
=Mary is shorter than Lily.
=Lily is taller than Mary.
2) 最高级和比较级之间的转换
He is the tallest boy in his class.
=He is taller than any other boy in his class.
=He is taller than the other boys in his class.
课堂练习：
Task 1: 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。
short nice
heavy useful
hot many
little good
well cold
small big
much busy
bad old
far
beautiful
important
carefully
Task 2: 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. You should practice as (much) as you can.
2. He is (young) than his two sisters.
3. The patient is (well) than before.
4. She is one of the (tall) girls in her class.
5. An ocean is (large) than a sea.
6. The market is (dirty) than the supermarket.
7. Which do you like (well), English or Physics?
8. Summer is the (hot) season of the year.
9. Who is the (short), Lily, Ann or Molly?
10. I think Tom is the (good) of the three.
Task 3: 单项选择
1. Welcome to our hotel. It’s in the city.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
2. Because of the Internet, we can get information than before.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast
3. The athlete is getting older and older and cannot jump as as he did before.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. much higher
4. He speaks English than any other student in his class.
A. best B. good C. well D. better
5. Of all the apples in the basket, this one is .
A. the reddest B. redder C. reddest D. the redder
6. My bike is as as Lucy’s. You can use either of them.
A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. as best as
7. Which is the , the train station, the bus station or the airport?
A. far B. farthest C. farther D. more far
8. January is month in Beijing, but it is different in Australia.
A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. the coldest
9. The ice in the lake is as as it was before.
A. thin B. thinner C. thinnest D. the thinnest
10. ---It’s winter now. The days are getting .
---Yes. We have to start early.
A. more and more long B. longer and longer
C. more and more short D. shorter and shorter
11. Canada is the second country in the world.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. more larger
12. ---Which is season in Shenzhen?
---Maybe it is summer. It’s often too hot to go out.
A. worst B. the worst C. best D. the best
13. He is the cleverest boy the three.
A. at B. of C. from D. in
14. I hope to receive your letter as as possible.
A. quick B. quickly C. high D. highly
15. In Shenzhen, it is hot in July, but it’s even in August.
A. hot B. hoter B. hotter D. hottest
课后练习：
Task 1: 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。
1. wonderful 2. tall
3. bad 4. little
5. few 6. good
7. many 8. well
9. much 10. easy
Task 2: 单项选择。
1. I think this card is than that one.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
2. Zhang Ming ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
3. Sorry, I took your MP4 by mistake. I’ll be careful next time.