主谓一致讲解教案.doc

主谓一致讲解 教案

一、 授课时间：2012年1月4日
二、 授课内容：语法点主谓一致讲解
三、 授课重难点：
1、授课重点：主谓一致三原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则
2、授课难点：主谓一致常考题型
四：授课过程
Step I 课程引入
由三个例句导入主谓一致的概念
1.I am a student.
2.They are students.
3.She is a teacher.
我们可以看出主语不同，谓语动词的形式就不同
主谓一致：谓语动词的人称和数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
Step II 讲述
一、主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则
分别对每个原则中的每一项进行讲解，并且举出例句，和学生互动。
1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
　　Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
　　They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
　2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
　　My family are having lunch now.
　　我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
　　Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
　　这本书20美元太贵了。
　　3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：
　 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
　　不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
　　There is a pen and some books on the desk.
　　课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
4.就远一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于离他远的主语。9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like
等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。　　
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
　 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
　The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
二、 主谓一致细致讲解
（一）语法一致原则：
　　 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
　　The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
　　Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
　　The students are playing football on the playground.
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
　 2.由and 或both...and连接的两个可数名词或不可数名词做主语时，谓语动一般用复数。
Tom and mike are good friends.
Both bread and butter are sold out.
Meat and rice are my favourite food.
3. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
4. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
尤其注意主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
　　Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
5.a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。(重点）
A number of trees are cut down.
The number of the students is over eight hundred.
6. “a lot of,lots of,plenty of ,most of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所加的名词。
Plenty of the water was polluted.
A lot of students pass the exam.
7. 某些只有复数的名词如trousers,shoes,gloves,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但是由“a pair of +此类复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数；
由“pairs of +此类复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；
The shoes are for you.
A pair of glasses is lying on the table.
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made every day.
8. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
　　To see is to believe 眼见为实。
　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
9. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致.
This is the man who wants to see you.
The girls who are coming soon are my students.
10. 由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表示复数意义，主句谓语动词则用复数形式。
What we need now is time.
What he left me are only some old books.
(二）意义一致：
1. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
2. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
3. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。　
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
4. family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。（难点）
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
5. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
6.none作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，但作为单数看待时，谓语动词用单数形式,取
决于后面所接的名词。
None of the advice was accepted.
None of the children of the family are interested in art.
7. some,any,all,more,most,the rest of ,分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它们指代的名词保持一致。
Two thirds of the apples remain green.
Three fifths of the money was spent on clothes.
8. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.
The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.
　 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
9.the+姓氏表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The Whites are watching TV.
(三）邻近一致原则（就近原则）
1、由or, either…or…， neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。（重点）
Either my wife or I am going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
2．以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致
There is a book and three pens on the desk.
There are three pens and a book on the desk.
　 Here are some books and paper for you.
Here is a letter for you.
Step III 练习
 1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
　　A. were B. is C. was D. are
2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. are’t     D. are
3. —How many lessons do you usually haver a day?
　　—Six lessons a day. And each of then _____45 minutes.
　　A. last B. lasts C. have D. are
4. Neither Liping nor I _______a basketball player.
　　A. am B. is C. be D. are
5. There ______ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.
　　A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.
　　A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.
　　A. be B. is C. am D. are
8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
　　A. were sleeping B. is sleeping
　　C. was sleeping D. are asle
9. Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
　　A. are B. is C. were D. was
10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there.
　　A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
Step IV 总结
1. 主谓一致的概念
2. 主谓一致的三个原则
3. 主谓一致的常考题型
Step V 作业
主谓一致练习题
1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China.
A. is B. are C. has been D. was
2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.
A. has B. have C. are D. was
4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.
A. was B. were C. have been D. had been
5. Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class.
A. am B. is C. are D. will
6. Most of his spare time ____spent in reading.
A. are B. were C. was D. have been

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