人教版高中英语选修六知识点总结.doc

选修六知识点总结
Unit 1
I词汇及结构
1. would rather do sth情愿做….
would rather sb did sth情愿sb做…
情愿做….而不愿意做…： would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth
= prefer to do sth rather than do sth
= prefer doing sth to doing sth
I would rather you hadn’t told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。
2.faith n. 信任,信仰 be faithful to sb 忠实于某人
keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
have faith in 相信, 信任
3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text．
so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…)
so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…)
so much/little (不可数) (+that…)
such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数)
eg.1) The book is ________interesting that I want to read it again.
2) It was ________a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
3) It was _______cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
4) There are _______many mistakes in your composition that I can’t understand it.
5) He has made ________rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.
6) _______that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陕西）
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
4.consequently adv. 所以，因此
consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的
as a consequence/result = in consequence = so
as a consequence/result of = because of
5 .aim
without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的
（take）aim at 瞄准，对准
sb/ sth’s aim is to do ……的目标是….
aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到
6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；后接 of
7. evident明白的, 明显的(apparent)
be evident to sb. 对某人来说很明显
be evident in sth 在某方面很明显
8. adopt 采用，收养
adapt 改编，使适应
9. possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。
be possessed of sth 具有、拥有
be possessed by 由…支配、控制
in possession of sth (表主动）占有
in the possession of sb （表被动） …被某人占有
10.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量 后可接形容词比较级
a great/ good deal of 后接不可数名词
1）修饰可数名词：
many a few
a good/great many
A great many buildings have been built along the street.
a large/ big/ great/ / small number of
Many a +单数名词
More than one +单数名词
2）修饰不可数名词：
much
a good/great deal of
a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)
3）修饰可数和不可数名词
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)
large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)
练习：
1.____ the students in our school go to college in their teens.
A good many B. A great many of
C. A great deal of D. A lot of
2. He is ____ better now. Don’t worry about him.
A.more B. a great deal of
C. a number of D.a great deal
11.attempt 尝试，企图，努力
attempt doing反复尝试做
attempt to do企图做
attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing
make an attempt to do sth/ at doing sth
at one’s attempt 在sb尝试下
12.on (the ) one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面
13.be specific to 特有的，独特的
14.in the flesh活生生，本人，亲自
15.preference - prefer
by preference.首先, 最好
in preference to 优先于
have a preference for偏爱
16.appeal to 有吸引力，使感兴趣
appeal to sb for sth. 呼吁,恳求
17.reputation n. 名誉,名声
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名
lose one’s reputation 失去盛名；
win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉
句型：
1.序数词the first/the second/the last(＋ sb.) ＋ to do是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构to be done。
My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave.
我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。
To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager.
说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。
2.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that...是一种常见句型，表示“……令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”，其中it是形式主语，that引导名词性从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用to one's amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这些短语作状语来改写。
It is surprising that children who are seven years old don't know how to brush one's teeth.
令人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙
To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths.
令我们震惊的是，这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。

语法：
虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气用于条件句、其它句型中
与现在事实相反时从句用过去时(did/were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形
How nice it ________ if I ________ a sister like you!
A．was; had B．would be; had had C．would have been; had D．would be; had
【解析】　题干表达与现在事实相反的内容，根据规则选D项
2. 与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时(had done)，主句用would/should/could/might＋ have done
—Were you in time for the lecture?
—If I ________ told earlier, I would have.
A．had been B．was C．were to be D．should be
选A。 由问句看出与过去事实相反，因而从句中使用过去完成时。
3. 与将来事实相反时，从句中可用三种形式，即动词的过去式/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形。
This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A．would B．should C．could D．might
分析：后一句实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中使用should表示“假如；万一”
________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A．Would you be B．Should you be C．Could you be D．Might you be
【解析】　前一分句实际上使用的是虚拟语气，与将来事实相反从句中使用If you should be fired，可以省略if而把should提前到主语之前。
4. 虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句：条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自不同的时间选择适当的动词形式。
5. 虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句：句中没有条件从句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中。
But for the help of my English teacher, I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won C．would win D．would have won
but for(要不是……)引导的短语在句中作状语时，句子的谓语部分常用虚拟语气；此处表示与过去事实相反，因而使用“would
6. wish后的宾语从句中：与现在事实相反时用were或动词的一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用had＋过去分词；与将来事实相反时用would/could/might＋动词原形。
How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A．has B．had C．will have D．had had
7. 在suggest，order，insist，demand，require，desire，command，request，recommend等表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后面的宾语从句中；在与suggestion，order，request，advice，demand等有关的表语从句、同位语从句中；以及在It ＋be＋ suggested/ordered/requested/ insisted /desired/required that...句型中用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal.
A．wouldn't B．couldn't C．needn't D．shouldn't
　recommend 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语用“should ＋动词原形”，should可省略。
. His suggestion is that the harvest ________ in before the rainy season comes.
A．get B．should get C．be got D．will be got
suggestion 之后的that从句是表语从句，其中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should省略。
8. 在It's (high) time that...句型中，谓语动词用过去时或should＋动词原形(should不能省略)，表示“早就该……”
It's no use envying others their success. It's time that you ________ hard.
A．must work B．were to work C．work D．worked
It's time that...句型中使用动词的一般过去时
9. as if/as though(好像，似乎)之后的方式状语从句中；if only句型表示“要是……多好啊”中，与现在事实相反时动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用had＋过去分词；与将来事实相反时用should/would/could/might＋动词原形。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________.
A．breaks B．has broken C．were broken D．had been broken

Unit 2
词汇和结构：
1.convey v. 传达；运送
convey ...to... 把……运到……
convey ...to sb. 向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)
convey one's feelings 表达感情
2． transform v. 转化；转换；改造；变换
transform...into 把某人/物改变成……
transform ...from 从……中转变、转化……
3. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的
be appropriate to/for... 对……适合；适宜
It is appropriate/proper that... (should) do... ……是合适的
be suitable for/to... 适合的；适宜的
be fit for... 适合；胜任……
注意　appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等；suitable指适合某种情况或安排；fit指大小适合或胜任某职位；appropriate 等于very proper。
4. exchange n．/v. 交换；交流；调换；兑换
exchange sth. for sth. 拿……交换……
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
in exchange for... 交换；调换
5．sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者 v. 发起；举办；倡议；赞助
6. take it/things easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
take one's time 别着急，慢慢来
take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/事
take...for granted 对……想当然，认为……理所当然
7. run out of 用完，用尽 （人作主语，不用于被动）
run out 被用完，耗尽 （物作主语）
give out(物)用完，耗尽；(人)筋疲力尽；
use up 用完；用光 ,（可以用于被动）
8. be made up of 由…构成，组成
make up 组成；编造；化妆
make up for 弥补……
9. try out 测试；试验
let out 发出；放走；泄露；加宽；加大衣服

句型
1. This is why... 这就是……的原因。(强调结果)
This is because... 这是因为……。(强调原因)
The reason why...is/was that...(……的原因是……)一般用that引导表语从句，而不用because。
单项填空
(1)He didn't go by bike with me. That's ________ there was something wrong with his bike.
A．because B．why C．how D．when A
2. with 的 复合结构 (见全程设计P22)

语法：
it用法与强调句
1. 用作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或各种从句所表示的真正主语。
________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A．This B．That C．What D．It
【解析】　it 代替后面的名词短语the way...作形式主语。
2.作形式宾语，代指不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语
He didn't make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A．this B．that C．it D．these
【解析】　it代替后面的when and where从句作形式宾语。
　The chairman thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A．that B．it C．this D．him
【解析】　it代替后面的不定式作形式宾语。
3. 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面接it，然后再跟从句，it代指从句所表达的内容。此类动词有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。
I'd appreciate ________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A．that B．it C．this D．you
【解析】　it代指后面的if从句所表达的内容。
4. it用来指代上文提到的事物、情况等
　Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ________ extra stress.
A．it B．them C．one D．him
【解析】　it代指being the parent of a child with special needs这一意义。
5.强调句的基本句型：It is /was ＋被强调部分＋that＋从句。被强调部分是人时可用who/whom代替that，强调时间、地点、原因状语时，通常只使用that，而不使用when，where，why。被强调的部分一般是主语、宾语、各种状语。
It was along the Mississippi River________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A．how B．which C．that D．where
【解析】　分析句子结构看出，题干使用的是强调句型，因而使用连词that。
6. 强调句的复杂结构形式：
① 强调句用于not...until结构：It is/was ＋not until...＋that ＋其他部分。
②强调句用于一般疑问句：Is/Was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
③强调句用于特殊疑问句：被强调的通常是疑问代词或疑问副词，其强调结构是：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋ it＋ that＋其他部分？
It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site.
A．that B．when C．while D．as
【解析】　句中强调了时间状语not until，连词使用that。
7. 判断是否是强调句是，可把 It is / was …that 去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。
It was in the street that I met her father.
→In the street I met her father.
It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.
→Because she was ill, they didn’t ask her to do the job.

Unit 3
词汇：
1.abuse n．/v. 滥用；虐待
drug abuse 吸毒
be badly abused 被虐待
abuse of power 滥用权力
2. stress n. 压力；重音 v. 加压力于；使紧张
lay/put/place stress on 把重点放在……上；强调
under the stress of 为……所迫
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
单项填空
Things can easily go wrong when people are under ________.
A．stress B．weight C．load D．strength
3. ban v. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令
be banned from doing sth. 被禁止做某事
there be a ban on... 禁止；禁令
4. quit v. 停止(做某事)；离开
quit doing sth. 停止做某事
quit office/one's job 离职
quit oneself of sth.＝be quit of sth. 摆脱某事
单项填空
He decided to ________ the position after quarreling with the manager.
A．stop　 　 B．block　 　 C．loosen　 　 D．quit
5. effect n. 结果；效力
have a good/bad effect on 对……有好/坏的影响
be of no effect 没效果；无用
take effect(法律)生效；(药)奏效
bring/put ...into effect 实施
come/go into effect 生效
in effect 事实上；在实施；生效
side effect 副作用
6. desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的
be desperate for 极需要……；极向往……
be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事
do sth. desperately 拼命地做某事
in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地
7. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
be disappointed about/at/in... 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do 做某事失望
be disappointed that... 感到失望……
be disappointing 令人失望的
disappoint sb. 使某人失望
to one's disappointment 令人失望的是
8 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧；羞耻的
be ashamed that... 对……感到羞耻；感到羞愧的是
feel/be ashamed of 对……感到惭愧
feel/be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到惭愧
It's a shame that... ……遗憾
What a shame that... ……多么遗憾
9.due to由于…… (不置于句首)
be due to do sth. 预期做某事
be due for sth. 应有；得到
be due to (doing) sth./ sb. 归因于(做)某事/某人
10. be/become addicted to 对……有瘾。 后接doing
addict oneself to 沉迷于；醉心于
addiction to... 对……上瘾；习惯于
a video game addict 游戏迷
11. be/get/become accustomed to 习惯于……
accustom sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
12. feel like (doing) 想要(做)……；感觉自己像
would like to do 想要做
13. in spite of 不顾；不管
despite＝in spite of 尽管……(后接名词、代词)
regardless of... 不管，不顾……
注意　despite 和in spite of 是介词；而although和 though是连词，引导从句。
__ C ______， she came to school to attend the important lecture.
A．Though being ill B．Although illness C．In spite of illness D．Despite he was ill
14.take/run a risk/ risks 冒险
at risk处境危险；遭受危险
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at one's own risk 自担风险
at all risks 无论冒什么危险
run/take the risk of 冒……的危险
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
15. get into 陷入；染上(习惯)；开始对……感兴趣
get into trouble 陷入困境
get into the habit of 染上……的习惯
get into panic 陷入恐慌
get along/on with 进展；相处
get over 克服
get through 接通；完成
get in 收割；募集(捐款)

句型：
1. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.
即使你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。(P19)
before引导时间状语，除了表示“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“……(之后)才；(不多久)就；不等……就”。多用于下列句型中：
It will take/takes/took sb.some time＋ before 花费时间才……
It is/was long before... 过了……时间才
It won't be long before... 不久就……
It will be long ＋ before... 过……多久才

Unit 4
词汇：
1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 现象
2. glance at = take a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视
stare at 盯着看；凝视
glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视
3. decrease vt.&vi.
decrease/reduce…to/by…减小，降低到（了）；反义increase
4. exist vi. 存在
existence n.存在 生存 came into existence产生
5.. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
6. compare…to…把……比作
compare…with…把……和……比较
7. come about发生
come across偶然遇到
come out出版，（花）开
8. build up 树立，逐步建立；增加；增进（健康）；集结
9.. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大体上，基本上，总的来说
as a whole总体上，作为一个整体看待
10. make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性
make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to…）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）
11. make sense (of)有道理；有意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的
12. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受， 容忍
13. so long as = as long as 只要；既然,由于
14.There is no doubt that …. 毫无疑问….
beyond / without doubt无疑地
doubt的宾语从句,肯定句用whether / if ；否定句用 that
15. quantity
a large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的…，许多的…
in quantity;成批地，大量地
a large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词。
注意:a large quantity of…作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities of…作主语，谓语动词都用复数

Unit 5
1. appoint v. 任命；委派；约定；指定
appoint sb. to be/as... 任命/指派某人成为……
be appointed as/ to be... 被任命/指派为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
by appointment 按照约定
make an appointment (with) 与……约会
2.match，fit，suit
match用作及物或不及物动词，表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即表示“与……相配，和……一致”；fit既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合适，合身”；suit表示“适合”，强调衣服的颜色、式样、质地等适合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位”等。
Your tie matches your suit well.
你的领带非常适合你的套装。
The afterschool programme suits the needs of most of the children.
课外活动适合绝大多数孩子的需要。
Not every shoe fits every foot.
并非每只鞋都合脚。
3.unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的
be unconscious of 未觉察到；未意识到……
fall/become unconscious 失去意识；不省人事
become conscious 清醒过来
be conscious of 意识到……
be conscious that... 意识到；觉察到
4. anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的
be anxious about 担心；焦虑
be anxious to do sth. 急切干某事；渴望做某事
be anxious for 盼望；渴望
anxiety about/over 对……的担心
anxiety for对……的担心
anxiety to do sth. 渴望干某事的急切心情；做……的渴望
5. panic v．/n. 惊慌；恐慌
get into a panic 惊慌失措
be in a panic 处于恐慌，惊恐中
in panic 惊慌地
panic sb. in