初中英语形容词和副词的用法和练习题.doc

形容词
一 .定义：
用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。

二. 形容词的作用，见下表：
作 用
例 句
定 语
You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.
表 语
Your coat is too small.
宾语补足语
The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.
注意：
有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：
　　Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The old man is alone.

　　形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。
例如：
　　You'd better tell us something interesting.
The police found nothing strange in the room.

多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是： 1）冠词或人称代词  2）数词  3）性质 4）大小  5）形状 6）表示老少，新旧  7）颜色  8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。
例如：
　　His grandpa still lives in this small short house.
　　他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
　　The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.
那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。

　　形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。
例如：
　　The young should take good care of the old.
　　年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
形容词短语做定语时要后置。
如：
　　They are the students easy to teach.
　　他们是很容易较的学生。
　　We live in a house much larger than yours.
我们住的房子比你们的大得多。

else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。
如：
　　Did you see anybody else?
你看到别的人了吗？

三．以-ly结尾的形容词
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
　　　 Her singing was lovely.
　　　 He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。
　　 The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
　　 The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。

副词
一. 定义:
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
二. 副词的位置 :
1） 在实义动词之前。
2） 在be动词、助动词之后。　
3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
　 a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：
　　　We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。
　 b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：
　　　He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。

三. 副词的排列顺序：
1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：
　　　 Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些
3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

　 改错：（错）　I very like English.
　　　　 （对）　I like English very much.

注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
例如：
　　　　 I don\'t know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
　　　　 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。

四. 兼有两种形式的副词
1） close与closely
　 close意思是\"近\"；closely 意思是\"仔细地\"。例如：
　　　 He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。
　　　 Watch him closely. 盯着他。
2） late 与lately
　　 late意思是\"晚\"；lately 意思是\"最近\"。例如：
　　　 You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。
　　　 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？
3） deep与deeply
　　 deep意思是\"深\"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，\"深深地\"。例如：
　　　 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。
　　　 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。
4） high与highly
　　 high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：
　　　 The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。
　　　 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。
5） wide与widely
　　 wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是\"广泛地\"，\"在许多地方\"。例如：
　　　 He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
　　　 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
6） free与freely
　 　free的意思是\"免费\"；freely 的意思是\"无限制地\"。例如：
　　 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。

五．各种类型副词的位置
　　英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：
　　多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：
　　He runs slowly.
　　他跑的很慢。
　　时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：
　　They went to the park yesterday morning.
　　昨天上午他们去公园了。
　　I heard him sing English songs over there.
　　我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。
　　 注意：
有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：
　　Yesterday I got up late.
　　昨天我起床很晚。
　　频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前
　　如：He is seldom ill.
　　    他很少生病。
　　   You must always remember this.
　　   你一定要记住这一点。
　　   I often write to my parents.
　　   我经常写信给父母。
　　 注意：
有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：
　　Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.
　　有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。
　　程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：
　　　　I nearly missed the bus.
　　 我几乎错过了公交车。
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：
　　She seldom goes out at night.
　　她晚上很少出门。
　　I am never late for school.
　　我上学从不迟到。
　　疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：
　　When can you come?
　　你什么时候来？
还有what，how，why，how many等词
　　同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：
　　The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
　　明天会议将在教室里举行。
注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等
　　The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.
Open your mouth wide.
形容词和副词的辨析
一 形容词变副词的规律
a. 一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully
b. 以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly
c. 辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily
d. 单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly
e. 以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly
f. 形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly）之一。
二 形容词副词比较级的写法：
① 单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter
② 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner,
fat-fatter
③ 双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er：ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier, heavy-heavier, healthy-healthier, happy-happier
1． ④ 在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加more：careful-more careful, beautiful-more

2． 最高级的写法：
① 单音节单词后+est。例如：tall-tallest, short-shortest
② 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加est：hot-hottest, big-biggest, thin-thinnest, fat-fattest
③ 双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加est：ugly-ugliest, busy-busiest, easy-easiest early-earliest, heavy-heaviest, healthy-healthiest, happy-happiest
④ 在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加most：careful-most careful, beautiful-most beautiful等。
beautiful等。

三 形容词和副词的比较级
1. 比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’m taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two.
2. 比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。
①than：一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：Tom runs faster than Mike.其中Tom和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要同学们特别注意：I’m taller than any other students in my class.这句话中用than连接的是I和any other students in my class两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中any other ……是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。
②a little, much, a lot, even, still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisa was sick yesterday, while today she is much better.
③as+形容词或副词原形+as……：译为像……一样。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。
另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越长了
四 形容词和副词的最高级
1. 最高级的范围: 最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个"最……"。例如：My ruler is the longest of all.我的尺是最长的。
3． 最高级的结构：结构上比较级有两个明显的标志。
①the：一般用the限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the就是最高级的主要标志。但是，当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。例如：He is our best teacher.他是我们最好的老师。
②最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。of短语 指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如：
He is the strongest of the three.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。
He is the strongest in our class.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。

形容词副词练习
一．基础练习
1. If I had＿＿＿, I would visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
　　A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
2. These oranges taste＿＿＿. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.
　　A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
4. I would be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.
　　A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful
5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of ＄19 in the shopping center.
　　A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary
6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.
A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small leather
7. —— How was your job interview?
—— Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.
　　A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier
8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿＿＿＿?
　　A. tastes best B. smells most C. sounds best D. drinks mostly
9. —— Can Li Hua help me with my English?
　—— I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.
A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as
10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.
　　A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less
11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.
　Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.
　　A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep
12. This year they have produced＿＿＿ grain ＿＿＿they did last year.
　　A. as less； as B. as few； as C. less； than D. fewer； than
13. —— Can I help you?
　 —— Well, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
14. —— How did you find your visit to the museum?
　—— I thoroughly
enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.
　　A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
　　C. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting
15. —— Would you like some wine?—— Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.
　　A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.
　　A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.
　 A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time
18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.
　　A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple
19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.
　　A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive
20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
　　A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a
二．提高练习
1. To plant the tree, we must dig _____.
A. a three feet deep hole B. three-foot-deep a hole
C. a hole three feet deep D. a three-feet-deep hole
2. I think he is one of the best men you've ____ found.
A.never B. already C. ever D. once
3. ____ the boy’s grown! He is almost ___ his father.
A. What, as tall as B. What, taller than C. How, as tall as D. How, taller than
4. I haven’t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough
5. Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.
A. as well as B. no less than C. and still more D. and still less
6. — The dish is delicious!
　— Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than
7. — Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?
　— Yes. You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the year.
A. a nice day B. the nice day C. a nicer day D. the nicest day
8. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____
A. best B. good C. well D. worse
9. With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced ___ VCD players in 2000 as the year before.
A. as many as twice B. twice more than C. as twice many D. twice as many
10. I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice ____ came.
A. more than B. as many
C. as much D. less than
11. — Why didn't you go to the cinema last night?
　 — It was something ____ interesting.
A. far less B. more or less C. much more D. any further
12. The population of many Alaskan cities has _____ doubled in the past five years.
A. larger than B. more than C. as greatly as D. as much as
13. — This is a good place for a picnic.
　 — Yes, it couldn't be ____ .
A. better B. best C. worst D. worse
14. — How do you like your teacher of English?
　 — Well, no one teaches _____ here.
A. well B. poorly C. best D. better
15. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____ .
A. and much of it is serious B. much of it is serious
C. and many more is serious D. more of it is serious
16. — Do you like cats?
— Of course. They are ____ a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters.
A. better than B. more than C. no more than D. no better than
17. The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.
A. as twice big as B. twice more bigger than
C. twice the size of D. twice so big as
18. I'm afraid that your conclusion is ____ from correct.
A. far B. free C. different D. short
19. Thank you very much. It's ____ of you.
A. kindest B. a most kind C. the most kind D. most kind
20. Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made will be a success.
A. content B. proud C. praised D. enough

参考答案

一. 1.A2.A 3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D
　　11.B12.C13.D14.A
　　15.C。用a little表示“少许”。
　　16.D。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”
　　17.D。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，故选D。
　　18.D。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋，花招，诡计”。
　　19.C。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”
　　20.B。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“so heavy a box”或“such a heavy box”。

二. 1-10: CCCAD BCDDB 11-20: ABADA BCADA