高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导--很好!.doc

高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导

解题步骤:1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2. 瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3. 复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，我们对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
. 综合认识：
一、             从所选文章的角度 
体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。 
1. 所选的文章大多是有一定故事情节的记叙文或夹叙夹议的短文，难度与高中教材大致相同，长度一般在250到300词之间。         
2. 保留提示句。短文的第一句话多是完整的，以期给考生创造一个语境，给考生以提示。 
3. 情景意义选择为主，语法选择填空为辅。完形填空考查的重点是以对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主，以考查惯用搭配、常识和语法为辅。 
4. 单词填空为主，短语或词组的整体填空为辅。         
5. 逻辑性强，实词即所谓信息词汇为主（实词中以动词、名词、形容词和副词为主），虚词为辅。
二、             从所挖空格的角度 
. 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词（组），平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 
. 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。
.  最后，具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”，即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文中给出解题的线索。并且，某特定空格的解题线索多不在本空格所在的句子，或上一句或下一句，或上几句或下几句，所以我们在考场上应逾越空格所在的单句，结合更宏观的上下文来解题。
. 三、             从所拟选项的角度 
. 同一空格所对应的四个选项一般是同一词性，或在句子中充当同样的语法成分，这个拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中，具体的语法规则不再是考查重点，更强调的是辨别词语之间的细微差异，考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以，所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。针对这种情况，考生们在解题过程中就更要紧抓文章主线，站在语篇的高度综合处理各选项的取舍。 
.  完型填空题是集词语辨析、词的用法以及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解的考查为一体的综合题，不但要求同学们具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求必须具备较强的分析理解、逻辑推断能力及语感。该题型在历届高考试题中起着重要的作用，通常从一篇词数250左右、难度略低于教材上课文的文章中设空格20个。具体来说，由于短文被挖去一些词，造成信息的中断，做题时，必然会出现思维断层现象。如果不掌握正确的解题思路及步骤，并通过适当的训练的话，面对此题时就会束手无策，久而久之就会对完形填空产生厌烦、恐惧心理，更不利于能力的提高，不利于临场发挥。 
具体操作中应注意以下几个的问题 一、从单句中选择答案。 这是完形填空考查项目设计最简单的一种。它相当于一道单项选择题，它不需要通过上下文，而是读它本句即能判断出正确答案。例如：MET90完形填空中的第一句 While my father was an officer of the British army in South Africa, we lived in a41 house.四个选项分别为：A. two-storeyed B.two storeyed C.two-storeys D.two storeys 只要学过构词法，考生很容易就能选出正确答案是A。不过该考查项在完形填空的设计中所占的比例很小。
二、 寻找信息词或信息选择答案。 在一篇完形填空文章中，就一句所言，很难确定正确的答案。若继续读下去，就能发现与问题有关的信息词或信息句子出现，这些词或句往往是直接或间接地提示出正确的答案。 Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩).She is no41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her. They want to see how civilized(驯化)she can 43 .Already she does many things a human being can do. 41.A.foolish B. ordinary C. special D. simple 42.A.for B. by C. to D. on 43.A.experience B. change C. develop D. become 这篇文章的第一个空格，若按照“单句理解”的方法去解答，显然不行。此段中的最后一句“Already she does many things a human being can do”是信息句，它暗示我们这是一只非同寻常的大猩猩，正确答案显然是B。 空42的答案，可以按照上下文，特别是空41的信息词no ordinary，说明科学家们正在这只动物身上做一些研究工作。因此选D.on是最佳答案。 空43的答案，按照上下文，从意义上看，似乎B.change和C.develop D.become都是正确的答案。但本句中civilized是个信息词，它在本句中是过去分词作形容词，作how引导的宾语从句中某个系动词的表语，很显然，答案是D.become。
三、根据词的固定搭配和固定句型来选择答案。 词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配和词语类型试题是完形填空测试的重点，多数题目涉及到动词的语法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词紧密相连，测试的范围较广。这就要求考生多读、多记，对所学短语动词能牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。举例如，at the sight of,fall in love with ....
四、通过上下文来选择答案。 该项目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若从单句或“局部”来分析，所给的四个答案在语法或结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。考生必须通过部分上下文甚至全文才能选出正确的答案来。 如The dog seemed to47 his mushrooms and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 48 (but)quite pleasant taste.选择项： A. refuse B. hate C. want D. enjoy 此句的答案只有看了后文的信息词“began to eat”和“saying...”来判断，D ,enjoy是 .It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 41 A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 从信息词“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B. homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生就会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的人也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场、煤矿，露天码头，还有工厂车间，不一定去办公室。因此，C. buses和D. offices不符合现实生活。

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         体验过程：
短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢乐而展开的回忆与联想。
In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call __21__and love.
I don’t remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool. But he did __22__the water. Any kind of __23__ride seemed to give him pleasure. __24__he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.
But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being __25__the water, moving through it, __26__it all around me. I was not a strong __27__, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my __28__. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father’s office and __29__those summer days with my father, who __30__ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the __31__person not in swimsuit.
After swimming, I would go __32__ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk __34__ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__. But my father always __36__and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s __37__.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get __38__ an ice cream…
A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is __39__.” And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but __40__, in that childhood, look at us.
21．A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry
22．A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love
23．A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike
24．A. But B. Then C. And D. Still
25．A. on B. off C. by D. in
26．A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting
27．A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner
28．A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears
29．A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining
30．A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to
31．A. next B. only C. other D. last
32．A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside
33．A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out
34．A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before
35．A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment
36．A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out
37．A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny
38．A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself
39．A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice
40．A. which B. who C. what D. whose

21.A22.D23.D24.C25.D26.A27.A28.D29.A30.B31B.32.D33.C34.C35.B36.C37.A38.C39.A40B.

下面请试着按照老师的解题提示去完成下面这篇介绍美国素有nba篮球“小皇帝”之称詹姆士. 勒布朗。
Lebron James isn't the first high school basketball player to go straight into the NBA, but he's probably the best. he has the body, skills and the basketball brain of an all-star (全明星球员). this ___1____ was on ___2____ as he scored 41 points to take Cleveland cavaliers (克里夫兰骑士队) to a 107-104 win over the new jersey nets (新泽西网队) on march 28. aged of 19 years and 87 days, James became the ___3 ____ player to score 40 or more in the NBA. "it was by far James' best ____4___ ," said Cleveland coach Paul Silas. known to his friends ____5___ "the king", this was the day James earned his crown(王冠). but he was ____6___ from being a king during a childhood spent in the back streets of Akron, Ohio. ____7___ many other African-American basketball players, James' early years were a ____8 ___ . his mother Gloria was just 16 when she gave birth to him; he knows nothing about his father. mother and son battled for everything from food to a place to live. ____9 ___ help from his grandmother and neighbors, James would ___10 ____ have died when he was young. this spirit of survival has served him well on court, forcing him to take any ____11___ he finds. "I ____12___ losing, I don't like losing," said James of his 41-point display. "I ___13____ the opportunity for us to win and I was ____14___ to capture it." at 2.03 meters, he is no Yao Ming but this didn't ___15____ him being first choice in 2003 NBA draft. This was ____16 ___ to his strength and skill, much of which he learned from high school American football.although he has a ___ 17____ brain, James has never had to concentrate on ___18____ . some people think this is a mistake and say he should have gone to college to ____19___ his mind. but James is one of the lucky few who has found fame and fortune ___20____ a diploma (文凭). on the court, he is king.
1. a. performance b. activity c. action d. talent
2. a. sale b. exhibition c. show d. duty
3. a. oldest b. strongest c. tallest d. youngest
4. a. performance b. lesson c. action d. appearance
5. a. for b. as c. by d. with
6. a. well b. far c. deep d. late
7. a. as b. like c. likely d. alike
8. a. fight b. struggle c. battle d. war
9. a. except for b. except c. besides d. without
10. a. certainly b. impossible c. hardly d. probably
11. a. goal b. game c. match d. chance
12. a. hate b. refuse c. object d. reject
13. a. grasped b. seized c. caught d. held
14. a. afraid b. unlucky c. able d. certain
15. a. keep b. forbid c. protect d. stop
16. a. according b. referring c. thanks d. sticking
17. a. fast b. quick c. high d. top
18. a. studying b. resting c. sleeping d. eating
19. a. advance b. march c. increase d. develop
20. a. apart from b. but c. except d. without
答案与解析：
这是一篇介绍美国素有nba篮球“小皇帝”之称詹姆士. 勒布朗成长历程的短文。詹姆士. 勒布朗，新一代的nba篮球王。他，取胜欲望强，得分能力高，把握机会好，简直是一个全才. 获得2006年全明星赛mvp(最有价值球员)。然而这位年轻的篮球天才的成长过程也充满了艰辛，可谓一路"挣扎"。
1. d 。talent是“天才”或“天赋”的意思.
2. c 。 3月28日当他带领克里夫兰骑士队以107：104击败新泽西网队时这种能力显示了出来，在这场比赛中他一人独得41分。这种能力指上文所提的全明星球员在身体、技术和智力方面的综合素质。
3. d 。 由上文提到的19岁87天反推该空强调james 年纪轻。
4. a 。 一场比赛个人得分过40分或更多是一种好的表现。
5. b 。 known as，"作为......是有名的"，符合题意。
6. b 。 由下文介绍的童年时期不幸生活反推，那时他还远不是一个球王。
7. b 。 分析语境可知，该空表"像......一样"，应填like。
8. b 。 由下文所介绍的童年不幸生活反推，james的童年生活是一种挣扎。
9. d 。without是介词在这里表示“如果没有”的意思，充当条件状语。
10. d。 没有祖母和邻居的帮助，james也许很小的时候就死了。
11. d 。take any chance，"利用机会"，符合题意。
12. a 。下文的don't like暗示该空应填hate。
13. b 。seize the opportunity，"抓住机会"，与语境逻辑相符。
14. c 。分析语境可知，该空表"能够"，应填able。
15. d 。stop sb. (from) doing sth.，"阻止某人做某事"，符合题意。若将stop 改为keep，from不可省，所以a错误。
16. c 。分析语境可知，该空表"多亏了"，应填thanks。
17. b 。强调"聪明的、反应快的"，应用quick，而不用fast。
18. a 。下文的college暗示该空应填studying。
19. d 。上大学的目的是开发智力，因此该空应填develop。
20. d 。james成了没有文凭而成名的幸运者。