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英语毕业论文-How-to-improve-the-ability-of-listening--speaking--reading-and-writing.doc
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1、Howtoimprovetheabilityof listening, speaking, reading and writingI.IntroductionThepurposeofmiddleschoolEnglishteachingistoimprovethestudents#39;fourskillsoflistening,speaking,readingandwriting,withthebaseofnecessaryphonetics,largevocabularyandgoodgrammar,Butthisisnotthefinalpurpose.Thefinalpurposeis
2、tolotletstudentsbeabletousethelanguage.WhydowestudyEnglish?Ifamanisonlygoodatlisteningandspeaking,canwesaythatheisgoodatEnglish?No,Ifamanisonlygoodatreadingandwriting,canwesaythatheisgoodatthelanguage?No,IfastudentisgoodatEnglish,heshouldbeabletousethelanguage,bothinspokingandwriting.Nowmostofthestu
3、dentsdobetterinreadingandwritingEnglishthaninlisteningandspeaking.Theycanreadandwrite,buttheycanhardlycommunicate.Theycanhardlyexpressthemselveswiththeirownwords.Thisispartiallybecauseofourexaminationsystem,andpartiallyoftheteachingmethod.Wearenotabletochangetheexaminationsystem,butwecanimproveourte
4、achingmethod.Mostofalltheteachersliketoprovidethestudentswithalotofknowledge-words,phrases,grammar,usagesandsoon,Theyarefocusingthesething,especiallyonthegrammar.Yes,thestudentsdoneedthese,butmanyteachersforgettoteachthemhowtostudyEnglish,andhowtouseit.Sowhenyouaregivingtheknowledgetothestudents,don
5、#39;tforgettoteachthemalltheabilitiesofthefourskills.II.Waysondevelopingthefourabilities1.ListeningTheteachersoftenspeakofthefourskills-listening,speaking,readingandwriting.Thatmeanseachofthemisimportant.Youcan#39;tsaythatyouhavemasteredthelanguagewithoutanyoneofthem,Listening,oneofthemeansoflanguag
6、ecommunication,isusedmostwidelyinpeople#39;sdailylives.About45%ofanadult#39;stimeconcernslisteningtootherpeople,listeningtotheradio,listeningtothemusic.Inlinguistics,givingthestudentsalotoflisteningactivitiesisagoodwayofenlargingtheirvocabulary.Ontheotherhand,italsohelpsthestudentsimprovetheirlisten
7、ingcomprehension.Ihavedoneaninvestigation.About43.2%ofthestudentsthinkthatthemostbotheringandmostdifficultislisteningcomprehension,andevensomeofthemhavedifficultyinunderstandingtheirteacherwhogiveslessonsinEnglish.Withoutquestion,itisdifficultofamiddleschoolstudenttounderstandthelisteningmaterial,if
8、hehasn#39;tenoughvocabularyandtheabilityoftellingthegrammarconstruction.Inmyinvestigation,about35%ofthestudentswithlowlisteningcomprehensionthingthisisbecausetheydon#39;tunderstandorknowtheknowledgeaboutlinguistic,theyarenotabletotellthemeansofawhattheyhaveheard.Inmyanotherinvestigation,studentswere
9、askedtolistentoadialogueof244words,inwhichthewordsandgrammarhavealreadybeenlearned.But80%ofthemthoughtitwastoodifficult.Then,usingthesamedialogueasareadingcomprehensionmaterial,Ifoundonly5%ofthemthoughtitwasalittledifficult,ontheotherhandtheresponseabilityisalsoanotherreason.Itisclearthatthereadings
10、peedofamaterialalsoaffects.About43%ofthestudentsthoughtthatthematerialwasreadtoofastandtheycouldn#39;tfollow.Alotofstudentshavetheirownlisteninghabits.Somestudentsoftentriestounderstandeachwordoreachsentence.Theywillthinkhardwhentheymeetsomedifficultwordsorsentences,andagreatmanystudentscouldunderst
11、andthematerialdirectly,TheyoftentranslatetheEnglishintoChineseintheirheart,thinkingthatonlyinthiswaycanthesentencebeunderstood.Thisisalsoareason,tryingtounderstandeachwordisdifficult,anditisnotnecessaryatall.Youshouldcatchthemostimportantpoints.Thenhowtoimprovethestudents#39;listeningskill?Weknowthe
12、largestdifferencebetweenmotherlanguagelearningandforeignlanguagelearningistheenvironment.Achildcansoonlearnhismotherlanguagewell.Hehasheardalotbeforehecansaysomethingandwalk.Thenafterheisabletowalkandsay,hehasachanceoflisteningtomore.Beforehegoestoschool,hehasalreadybeenagoodlistenerandspeaker.Butfo
13、raforeignlanguage,youcanmeetitonlyinformalplaces,classes,forexample,otherwise,youcanhardlyhaveachancetomeetit.SoIthinkyoushouldtrytoletthestudentsbeinalanguageenvironment.Letthestudentsgraspthephoneticsymbol.Ithinkthephoneticsymbolisthebase.Agoodintonationandphoneticdependsonthebase.Oralreadingafter
14、aradioorateacherisagoodwayatthebeginning,Studentsshoulddomuchaboutit.Payattentiontotheoralreadingskill,Itincludesstress,strongform,weakform,intonationincompleteplosiveconsonant,affricateconsonant,syllableandsoon.Trainingandpracticingtheoralreadingisnotaday#39;sword.Theteachermustgivecorrectinformati
15、onaboutit.Thereisnoeasyway.Enlargethestudents#39;knowledgeaboutEnglish.Encouragethestudentstoreadsomethingintheirsparetimeaboutgeography,history,culture,storiesandsoon.Forexample,therearetwomaterialsofthesamedifficulty.OneexplainssomethingaboutChina#39;sSpringFestival,theotherisaboutThanksgivingDayo
16、fthewesterncountries.Theformeriseasytounderstandbutthelatterismoredifficult.Why?Itisclearlybecausethestudentsknowlittleaboutthelatter.Bothlisteningtestandlisteningpracticearenecessary,butpracticeismoreimportant.Youcanunderstandyourstudentsthroughlisteningtests.Onlythroughthepracticecanthestudentsimp
17、rovetheirlisteningcomprehension.2.SpeakingSpeakingcan#39;tbetaughtseparately.Itisoftenconnectedwithlistening.Soweoftenspeakoflisteningandspeaking.Thetraditionalwayoflisteningandspeakingisaural-oralmethod.Now,thenewmethodoftwo-waycommunicationisverypopular.Asyouknowthatanyteachingmethodhasitspsycholo
18、gicalbase.Theaural-oralmethodbeganinthe1940#39;s.Itisbasedonbehaviourism.Oneofitspsychologicaltheoryisthatlearningalanguageisformingasetofnewlanguagehabit.Thisisitsusualprocess:Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement.Theaural-oralmethodisfitfortheteachingofbeginningstage.ItfocusesonthepracticeoforalEnglishd
19、rills.Buttoomanydrillsarebeingpracticedwithoutanycontextorgivenconditions.Sowhatislearnedisisolatedclauses.Andithasfewcommunicativefunctions.Thetwo-waycommunicationmakesupforthedefectincommunicativeabilityinthetraditionalteaching.Two-waymeanstherelationshipofthecommunicationbetweentheteacherandthest
20、udents.Thisrelationshipisconnectedwiththecommunicativeactivitiesbetweentwopeople.Thismethodisdifferentfromthetraditionalaural-oralmethod.ButitalsobasesontheprocessofS-R-R.Sowecallitamewtypeofaural-oralmethodhassomepeculiarities.ItcancreateafreshenvironmentforspeakingEnglish.Itneedssomenecessaryexpla
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