2022-2023年高中英语知识点名师总结.docx

2022-2023年高中英语知识点名师总结

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单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
1、Most West European countries have ______ the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.
A．embracedB．shapedC．assuredD．indicated
答案：A
解析：
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数西欧国家都热情地接受了高速铁路网的概念。embrace 拥抱，欣然接受；shape塑造，影响；assure使确信，向……保证；indicate表明。根据后面的“with enthusiasm”可知，大多数欧洲国家欣然接受高速铁路的概念。故选A。
2、____ computer games is the reason ____ accounts for his being absent-minded in class.
A．Being addicted to; thatB．Addicted to; why
C．Being addicted to; whyD．Addicted to; that
答案：A
解析：
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：沉溺于电脑游戏是他上课走神的原因。be addicted to沉溺于。分析句子可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。句中先行词为reason，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选A。
3、They stared at me, their ________ faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
A．dizzyB．funnyC．mildD．blank
答案：D
解析：
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们盯着我，脸上毫无表情，不知道接下来要说什么。A. dizzy头晕目眩的；B. funny滑稽的；C. mild温和的；D. blank毫无表情的。根据句意和“giving no clue”可知，他们面无表情。故选D项。
4、After years of hard work, they were finally able to________an apartment of their own in the city with all their savings.
A．perceiveB．produceC．preservedD．purchase
答案：D
解析：
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的辛苦工作，他们终于能用自己的积蓄在城里买一套公寓了。A. perceive注意到，察觉到；B. produce生产；C. preserve保护，维护；D. purchase购买。分析句子可知，空白处缺少动词，根据其宾语an apartment及后面的介词with搭配的all their savings不难推断，这里应使用purchase表示“（用所有积蓄）购买（房子/公寓）”。故选D
5、All the seats on the bus had been ________ so we had to stand.
A．dominatedB．occupiedC．retainedD．ignored
答案：B
解析：
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共汽车上所有的座位都坐满了，所以我们不得不站着。A. dominated支配；B. occupied占用(空间、面积、时间等)；C. retained保持；D. ignored忽视。公共汽车上的人要站着，说明所有的座位都被占用了。故选B项。
6、—Why are your eyes so red? You______ well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late struggling with the homework.
A．mustn’t have sleptB．wouldn’t have slept
C．couldn’t have sleptD．needn’t have slept
答案：C
解析：
考查情态动词+完成式的用法。句意：——你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚肯定没睡好。——是的，我熬夜到很晚写家庭作业。mustn’t表示“禁止”，表示推测时常用肯定结构must have done“一定做了某事”；wouldn’t have done表示本不会做某事；couldn’t have done表示过去不可能做了某事，表示对过去的推测；needn’t have done表示本不必要做某事。结合“Why are your eyes so red?”可知，空处是对过去的推测，表示“昨晚不可能睡得好”，用couldn’t have done。故选C项。
7、Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last _______.
A．flashB．teenagerC．semesterD．focus
答案：C
解析：
考查名词词义辨析。句意：王教授上学期开了两门研究生课程。A. flash闪现；B. teenager青少年 ；C. semester学期；D. focus焦点。由上文“Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last”可知，王教授是在上学期开了两门研究生课程，故选C。
8、I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.
A．whatB．whichC．whereD．who
答案：C
解析：
考查宾语从句。句意：我不记得当他小时候，他在那座城市哪里工作。根据句子分析可知，remember后跟宾语从句，从句中he为主语，worked为不及物动词做谓语，故句子缺少地点状语，故用where引导，故选C。
9、Football does not require words, but it can ________ walls and bring people together on and off the field.
A．put downB．pass down
C．turn downD．break down
答案：D
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：足球不需要语言，但它可以打破障碍，让人们在球场内外聚集在一起。 A.put down放下；镇压；B.pass down使流传； C.turn down拒绝；D.break down打破。由but和下文“bring people together on and off the field”可知，足球不要求语言，但是可以打破障碍，将人们聚在一起。故选D。
小提示：
10、—Is there anyone in the classroom?
—No, not only the students but also the teacher ________ to the playground to watch the opening ceremony of the Art Festival.
A．goesB．goC．has goneD．have gone
答案：C
解析：
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：——教室里有人吗？——没有，不仅学生而且老师都去操场观看艺术节的开幕式了。表示“已经去往”，是现在完成时，应用have/has gone to，且not only...but also...句型遵循就近原则，与teacher保持一致，应用has。故选C。
11、—What happened to her new car?
—No sooner ______ it than someone ran into her.
A．had she boughtB．did she boughtC．she boughtD．she had bought
答案：A
解析：
考查固定句型和部分倒装。句意：——她的新车怎么了？——她刚买就被撞上了。结合句意可知，此处为固定句型no sooner...than...“一……就……，刚……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；当no sooner位于句首时，主语要部分倒装，将助动词had置于主语之前。故选A。
12、—Is Su Ning fit for the task?
—Hang on. I'll tell you_________ what I think of it.
A．properlyB．correctlyC．exactlyD．highly
答案：C
解析：
考查副词词义辨析。句意：——苏宁能胜任这个任务吗? ——坚持下去。我会告诉你我对它的确切看法。A. properly合适地；B. correctly正确地；C. exactly确切地；D. highly非常，高度地。由句意可知，应该是把想法确切地告诉对方。故选C。
13、__________ has recently been done to provide more buses for people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
A．ThatB．WhatC．Though whatD．In spite of what
答案：D
解析：
考查介词短语和宾语从句。句意：尽管最近采取了措施为人们提供更多的公共汽车，但公共汽车短缺仍然是一个严重的问题。分析句子结构可知，“provide more buses”和“a shortage of public vehicles”形成转折关系，排除A项和B项；C项中的though为从属连词，直接引导让步状语从句，排除C项；D项中in spite of意为“尽管”，of后面为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故选D。
14、________ is ________ me.
A．It rains or not; no concern for
B．Whether it rains or not; of no concern to
C．If or not it rains; no concern about
D．Whether or not it rains; of no concern with
答案：B
解析：
考查主语从句。句意：是否下雨对我来说无关紧要。分析句子可知，第一空缺少主语，根据选项可知需填入主语从句，主语从句位于主句的谓语之前，且句意中有表示“是否”的词，因而只能用whether来引导；短语be of no concern to sb表示“对某人来说无关紧要”。故选B。
小提示：
15、The company has developed rapidly ________ its size and reach.
A．in place ofB．in favour ofC．in terms ofD．in face of
答案：C
解析：
考查固定短语辨析。句意：该公司在规模和范围方面发展迅速。A. in place of代替；B. in favour of支持；C. in terms of根据，在……方面；D. in face of面对。根据后文“its size and reach”指在规模和范围方面应用in terms of。故选C。
16、—Lots of empty bottles were found under the old man’s bed. He must have done nothing but ______.
—I agree. And I think he has no choice but ______ drinking if he wants to stay healthy.
A．drink; to stopB．to drink; stopC．drinking; stoppingD．drunk; stopped
答案：A
解析：
考查固定搭配。句意：——在老人的床下发现了很多空瓶子。他肯定只喝酒了。——我同意。如果他想保持健康，除了戒酒，他别无选择。根据“Lots of empty bottles were found under the old man’s bed.”可知，第一空指老人肯定只喝酒了，应用固定搭配do nothing but do，意为“只做了……”；第二空表示“他别无选择只能戒酒”，应用固定搭配have no choice but to do，意为“别无选择，只能做……”，故选A。
17、In the future, AI will be used in the hospitals, ________ it can simplify the lives of patients, doctors and hospital administrators.
A．whenB．about whichC．whereD．of which
答案：C
解析：
考查定语从句。句意：未来，人工智能将用于医院，它可以简化病人、医生和医院管理人员的生活。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词hospitals，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故选C。
18、Since this school provides various optional courses, students will have a(n) ______ choice according to their interest.
A．flexibleB．dependentC．availableD．reliable
答案：A
解析：
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于这所学校提供多种选修课，学生可以根据自己的兴趣自由选择。A. flexible灵活的；B. dependent依赖的，依靠的；C. available可获得的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文“Since this school provides various optional courses”可知课程的选择很灵活，应用flexible。故选A。
19、Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late for the flight yesterday.
A．would beB．should beC．would have beenD．will have been
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：谢谢你提醒我时间，否则我昨天的航班就迟到了。根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用would+have+done表示“本来会……”。故选C。
20、I had expected________ a lot of people________ to buy new books at the book fair, but only a few showed interest in books of today which are usually full of emptiness.
A．there to be; waitingB．to have; waited
C．there being; to be waitingD．were there; waiting
答案：A
解析：
考查there be句型和非谓语动词。句意：我原以为书展上会有很多人等着买新书，但只有少数人对今天的书表现出兴趣，这些书通常都是空洞的。分析句子可知，空格一处涉及there be句型，“expect”后接不定式作宾语，故应用“there be”的不定式形式，即“there to be”，故空格一填“there to be”；句中有谓语动词“had expected”，故空格二应用非谓语动词，“people”和“wait”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“wait”的现在分词“waiting”作后置定语，故空格二填“waiting”。故选A项。
21、He stood in line overnight, only ______ the tickets had already sold out.
A．informingB．informedC．to informD．to be informed
答案：D
解析：
考查不定式的被动语态。句意：他排了一夜的队，却没想到被告知门票已经售罄。根据句子结构可知，此处考查短语only to do sth.，表示“没想到做某事”。主语He和inform是动宾关系，故用被动语态。故选D项。
22、John was ________ to get back to work as soon as possible after he came back from abroad.
A．anxiousB．eagerC．worriedD．brave
答案：B
解析：
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：约翰从国外回来后，渴望尽快回去工作。A. anxious焦虑的；B. eager盼望的，急切的；C. worried担心的；D. brave勇敢的。根据后文“to get back to work as soon as possible after he came back from abroad”可知，约翰从国外回来后，渴望尽快回去工作，应用be eager to。故选B。
23、In the exam, the ________ you are, the _______ mistakes you will make.
A．careful; littleB．more careful; fewestC．more careful; fewerD．more careful; less
答案：C
解析：
考查比较级固定句型、few和little的区别。句意：在考试中，你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。分析可知，本句应用“the+形容词（副词）比较级……，the+比较级……”句型，排除AB两项；mistakes是可数名词复数，应用fewer修饰，little的比较级less修饰不可数名词，排除D项。故选C项。
24、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the ________ you keep, for your habits and character will be as much influenced by the ________ as by the latter.
A．resentment...formalB．company . . .former
C．hatred...formalD．virtue...former
答案：B
解析：
考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者（书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤恨，formal正式的；B.company同伴， former前者（的）；C.hatred憎恨，formal正式的；D.virtue美德，former前者（的）。根据“Be as careful of the books you read”可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比较，所以选“同伴”；根据“the latter”可知，第二空将前者和后者进行对比，所以选“前者”，故选B。
25、The earth ______ around the sun.
A．movedB．will moveC．movesD．is moving
答案：C
解析：
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：地球绕着太阳转。“地球绕着太阳转”是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The earth单数，谓语单数形式。故选C项。
根据首字母填写单词(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
26、The Battle at Changjin will transport audiences back more than 70 years in the s________ and sounds of the battlefield. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：sights##ights
解析：
考查名词。句意：《长津湖战役》将观众带回到70多年前那个炮火连天的战场。空格处是宾语，要用名词，根据句意及首字母提示，故填 sights。
27、Some basketball fans b__________ out crying the instant they heard the star retired from NBA．(根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：burst##urst
解析：
考查动词时态。句意：一些篮球迷一听到这位球星从NBA退役就大哭起来。根据句意和首字母提示可知，动词burst“爆发”符合题意，burst our crying“大哭起来”；空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和下文heard判断为一般过去时。故填burst。
小提示：
28、Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery c________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：charged##harged
解析：
考查动词。句意：朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车充电。根据单词首字母以及句意“充电”可知，应填动词charge，此处为get sth. done结构，过去分词作宾补。故填charged。
29、This book reached an even wider a__________when it was made into a movie.（n. the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something, like a play, concert, somebody’s speaking, etc.）(根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：audience##udience
解析：
考查名词。句意：这本书被拍成电影后，吸引了更广泛的读者。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作宾语，结合句意及首字母提示可知，audience观众，符合题意。根据前面不定冠词an，可知用名词单数，故填audience。
30、I have to say in her d________ that she knew nothing about it beforehand. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：defence##efence##defense##efense
解析：
考查名词。句意：我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用不可数名词defence/defense，表示“辩护”，in one’s defence/defense (为某人辩护)。故填defence/defense。
31、Everyone can b________ from new opportunities brought about by China’s economic growth. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：benefit##enefit
解析：
考查动词。句意：每个人都可以从中国经济增长带来的新机遇中获益。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词，在情态动词can后面跟动词原形构成谓语结构，表示“获益”为benefit。故填benefit。
32、If you’re not satisfied with the car, you can e it for another.
答案：exchange##xchange
解析：
考查动词。句意：如果你对车辆不满意，你可以换一辆。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填exchange“交换”作谓语，情态动词后接动词原形，故填exchange。
33、She got the job by v_________ of her greater experience. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：virtue##irtue
解析：
考查固定搭配。句意：她凭借丰富的经验得到了这份工作。by virtue of (凭借)符合句意。故填virtue。
34、After the earthquake, the government provided t______ accommodation for up to three thousand people. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：temporary##emporary
解析：
考查形容词。句意：地震后，政府为多达三千人提供了临时住所。根据句意及首字母提示可知，空处应填形容词temporary，作定语修饰名词accommodation。故填temporary。
35、More details are e ______ from the leaked documents. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：exposed##xposed
解析：
考查语态。句意：泄露的文件透露了更多细节。根据句意和首字母可知，空处是“曝光”expose，“细节”和“曝光”是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词后填过去分词。故填exposed。
36、Those seven days have given me a great a________ for life beyond the screen. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：appreciation##ppreciation
解析：
考查名词。句意：那七天让我对屏幕之外的生活充满了感激。此处缺少名词作give的直接宾语，根据首字母提示和句意“感激”可知是不可数名词appreciation。故填appreciation。
37、If you are t ________in the burning building, what should you do to rescue yourself?（根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：trapped##rapped
解析：
考查固定短语。句意：如果你被困在燃烧的大楼里，你应该怎么做才能逃生? be trapped in被困在，该短语是固定短语，故填trapped。
38、The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills d___________ with sheep and cattle. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：dotted##otted
解析：
考查非谓语动词。句意：“绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。be dotted with点缀着； 遍布……的，在句中作宾语补足语，所以用过去分词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填dotted。
39、Photographs of the crime s________ began to arrive within twenty minutes. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：scene##cene
解析：
考查名词。句意：犯罪现场的照片在20分钟内开始送到。由“Photographs of the crime”及首字母提示s可知，句子表示“犯罪现场的照片在20分钟内开始送到”，空格处意为“现场”，是scene，根据句意可知，特指犯罪现场，因此空格处用单数，故填scene。
40、After a heated a________, we finally reached agreement. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：argument##rgument
解析：
考查名词。句意：经过一场激烈的争论，我们最后达成了协议。分析可知空格处是宾语，要用名词作宾语，根据首字母和句意填argument。故填argument。
41、After a two-day discussion, the two parties agreed to r________ this conflict in a peaceful way. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：resolve##esolve
解析：
考查动词。句意：在两天的讨论之后，两个政党同意以一种和平的方式去解决这次冲突。固定搭配agree to do sth.(同意去做某事)，即动词agree后接动词不定式作宾语。根据首字母和句意可知，要用动词原形resolve(解决)。故填resolve。
42、At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is v______. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：visible##isible
解析：
考查形容词。句意：在山谷的另一边，可以看到一座古老的萨米人小屋。根据单词首字母以及句意“可看到的”以及上文系动词is ，可知应填形容词visible作表语，故填visible。
43、Our facial expressions can c________ our emotions, such as anger, joy or disappointment. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：convey##onvey
解析：
考查动词。句意：我们的面部表情可以传达我们的情绪，如生气，高兴或失望。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填入动词convey作谓语，意为“传达”，情态动词can后用动词原形。故填convey。
44、He r________ that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：recommended##ecommended##recommends##ecommends
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议她做一些研究，并与牙医讨论健康的糖果应该包含哪些成分。根据that从句中的do和talk可知，从句是虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。再根据首字母是r可知，此处用recommend表“推荐、建议”，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，因为没有明显的时间状语，所以时态可以用一般过去时或一般现在时。故填recommend/recommends
45、White has always been a s__________ of purity in Western culture. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：symbol##ymbol
解析：
考查名词。句意：在西方文化中，白色一直是纯洁的象征。根据单词首字母以及句意“象征”可知应填名词symbol，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填symbol。
书信写作(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
46、你校将举办高中生英文写作大赛。请你以“Self-discipline”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
(1)分析自律的重要性；
(2)提出自律的建议。
注意：
(1)词数100左右；
(2)题目已为你写好。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：One possible version:
Self-discipline
As is known, self-discipline is vital to our self-improvement. You need to be self-disciplined if you want to make progress. What's more, self-discipline will play an important part in your future career. Here are some tips on helping you discipline yourself.
Firstly, you should learn to take on your responsibilities wherever you are. Secondly, stop making excuses or complaining about unpleasant things. If you focus on the positive side of things, you can always make improvements. More importantly, it's wise of you to make a plan for your tasks in advance, which can keep you on the right track and help you achieve more in life and study.
解析：
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校将举办高中生英文写作大赛。请你以“Self-discipline”为题，写一篇短文参赛。
(1)词汇积累
重要的：vital→important
此外：what’s more→besides
起重要作用：play an important part in→play an important role in
建议：tip→suggestion
(2)句式拓展
句式变换
原句：As is known, self-discipline is vital to our self-improvement.
拓展句：It is known that self-discipline is