七年级英语下册Unit3Howdoyougettoschool短语语法知识点汇总新人教目标版.doc

Unit 3 How do you get to school
一、基础归纳
重点短语
1.到达学校
get to school
2.乘火车
take the train
3.乘地铁
take the subway
4.骑自行车
ride a bike
5.一百零五
one hundred and five
6.多远
how far
7.多长时间
how long
8.骑自行车上学
ride the bike to school
9.步行去某地
walk to…
10.开车去某地
drive to…
11.每天
every day
12.开车去上班
drive a car to work
13.过河
cross the river
14.在两者之间
between…and…
15.在索道上
on a ropeway
16.坐索道过河
go on a ropeway to cross the river
17.喜爱做某事
love to do/doing sth.
18.十分钟的步行路程
ten minutes’ walk
19.动身去某地
leave for+地点
20.害怕去做某事
be afraid to do / be afraid of doing…
21.一个11岁大的男孩
an 11-year-old boy
22.实现
come true
23.为(做)某事而感谢
thanks for +n /doing sth.
24.或者…或者…
either…..or
25.许多（+可/不可）
lots of = a lot of
26.对…有益
be good for….
27.尝起来好
taste good
28.有健康的生活方式
have a healthy life
重点句型
1.做某事花费某人…时间
It takes sb. some time (一段时间) to do sth 
2. 我不敢确信。
I’m not sure
3. 你认为….怎么样？
What do you think of…= How do you like…
4. 喂，戴夫。你是如何到校的？
Hey, Dave, How do you get to school?
5. 我是步行到校的, 萨丽, 你呢？
I walk. How about you, Sally?
6. 我是骑自行车到校的。
I ride my bike to school.
7. 从你家到学校有多远？
How far is it from your home to school?
8 你到学校要用多长时间？
How long does it take you to get to school?
9. 骑自行车大概15分钟。
About 15 minutes by bike.
10. 你是步行还是骑自行车？
Do you walk or ride a bike?
11.在他们的学校与村庄之间有一条大河。
There is a very big river between their school and the village.
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. take the train (P. 13)
take此处用作及物动词, 表示“乘（车、火车、轮船）”, 这时表示交通工具的名词前要加上冠词。
John usually takes the school bus to school.
2. ride a bike (P. 13)
ride此处用作动词, 意为“骑（自行车、马）”。
I usually ride a bike to school.
3. How do you get to school? (P. 13)
get to表示“到达”, 其中get是不及物动词, 常与介词to连用, 当表示目的地的词是副词here, there, home等时, 则省略介词to。
They will get to Beijing at nine tonight.
4. I ride to school every day. (P. 14)
everyday作形容词, 表示“每天的、日常的”, 常用作定语；every day表示“每天、每日”, 用作副词短语, 作状语。
Water is necessary in everyday life.
The children ride to school every day.
5. How far is it from your home to school? (P. 14)
how far意为“多远”, 用来询问距离或者路程, 常用的句型为：How far is it from A to B?或者How far is B from A?
---How far is it from the park to the school?
---It’s about 3 miles.
6. I’m sure...about 10 kilometers. (P. 14)
① be sure of/about sth. 对……确信
Are you sure about the news?
② be sure to do sth. 确保做某事
Be sure to lock the door when you leave home.
③ be sure that....确信……
I am sure that he will come soon.
④ make sure that...确保……
Make sure that you can finish the job on time.
7. How long does it take you to get to school? (P. 14)
① It takes (sb.)+时间+to do sth. 花费（某人）多长时间做某事
It takes him two hours to walk there.
② sth. takes (sb.)+时间 某事花费（某人）多长时间
The work takes them a long time.
【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和cost
spend
主语是人
spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.
pay
主语是人
pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.
take
主语是it
It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
cost
主语是物
sth. costs sb.+金钱
8. ...lives about five kilometers from school. (P. 15)
live此处用作不及物动词, 意为“居住、生活”, 后跟名词作宾语时, 要加上介词in。
I like to live in the country.
Section B
1. Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip. (P. 16)
think of意为“认为、想起”, 后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语, 在表示“认为……怎么样？”时, 可与think about互换。
---What do you think of/about the school trip?
---It’s great.
【拓展】What do you think of...?意为“你认为……怎么样？”, 可与How do you like...?进行转换, 用来询问某人对某事、某物或某人的看法。
What do you think of action movies?
=How do you like action movies?
2. Crossing the River to School (P. 17)
cross此处用作动词, 意为“越过、横穿”, 相当于go/walk across, across用作介词。
The little boy can’t cross the road by himself.
3. For many students, it is easy to get to school. (P. 17)
“It+be+形容词+to do”意为“做某事是……”, it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
It’s boring to read such books.
It’s important to go to bed early and get up early.
【拓展】“It is+形容词/名词短语+to do”结构中, 可在不定式前面加上一个for或者of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。当形容词是描述人的性格、品质的形容词时, 用介词of, 其余情况用介词for。
It is kind of you to help me a lot.
It is difficult for us to solve the problem.
4. There is a very big river between their school and the village. (P. 17)
between表示“两者之间”, among用作介词, 表示“三者或者以上之间”。
The teacher is popular among the students.
Is there any difference between the two books?
5. There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats. (P. 17)
no此处用作形容词来修饰名词, 意为“没有”, 既可以修饰可数名词, 也可以修饰不可数名词, 修饰单数名词时, 相当于not a/an, 修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词时, 相当于not any。
I have no brothers.=I don’t have any brothers.
6. One 11-year-old boy, Liangliang, crosses the river every school day. (P. 17)
11-year-old是一个合成形容词, 意为“11岁的”。这种合成形容词通常在句中作前置定语, 修饰后面的名词。其结构形式有两种：
① 数词+名词
100-metre race five-hour sleep three-year time
②数词+名词+形容词
a five-year-old boy an 800-metre-long bridge
7. But he is not afraid because he loves school. (P. 17)
① be afraid to do sth.“胆小不敢做某事”
The girl is afraid to go out at night.
② be afraid of sth/doing sth. 害怕
Most of people are afraid of snakes.
8. I love to play with my classmates. (P. 17)
play with意为“玩、和……玩耍”。
He plays with a toy.
【拓展】play用作及物动词时, 表示, “踢/打（球）、演奏（乐器）”。
I can play football.
He often plays the piano.
9. It is their dream to have a bridge. (P. 17)
dream此处用作可数名词, 意为“梦想、睡梦”。
Everyone has a dream.
I often have bad dreams.
【拓展】dream of/about意为“梦想、梦见”。
Many people dream of becoming famous.
10. Can their dream come true? (P. 17)
come true意为“实现、成为现实”。
Your dream doesn’t always come true.
Study hard, and your dream will come true.
11. They have to cross a very big river between their school and the village. (P. 17)
have to意为“不得不”, 表示因外界的强制作用而不得不做某事, 强调被迫性, 后接动词原形。
We have to finish the work before supper.
【拓展】have to表示“必须、不得不”, 强调客观上的必须, must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
We have to walk home because the car has broken down.
We must study hard.
12. Thanks for your last e-mail. (P. 18)
Thanks for...意为“感谢……”, 后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语, 表示感谢的原因。
Thanks for your help.
Thanks for inviting me.
【语法讲解】
how, how long和how far引导的特殊疑问句
how用来提问方式，表示“如何”；how long用来提问时间，表示“多长时间”；how far用来提问距离，意为“多远”。
---How do you go to school?
---I go to school by bus.
---How long does it take you to get to the library?
---About 29 minutes.
---How far is it from your home to the train station?
---It’s 2 kilometers.