初中英语被动语态专题.doc

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中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析
【命题趋势】
被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一，考察内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动，考察题型主要是选择题，词汇应用和翻译句子等，预计2019年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中应用被动，动词填空，完成句子等为主考点。

【概念讲解】 
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语往往用‘被’，‘受’，‘给’等词来表示被动意义,英语里的被字句就叫被动。
被动语态由“助动词be ＋ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Eg: He wrote the letter. （主动语态） 
The letter was written by him. （被动语态）
被动语态的时态变化只变be的形式，be后面的过去分词不变，也就是说被动结构中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化

【主动语态变被动的方法】
1. 把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语
2. 把主动语态里的谓语动词加be作为被动里的谓语
3. 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（①by短语可省略，②
by后的代词用宾格）
【主动变被动解题步骤】
1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数
3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的形式 ----即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+（原主语/代词则用宾格）.
Eg: They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes are made by them
主变宾,宾变主, 谓动be done
时不变,人称、数、格随着变
小试牛刀：
（2018宁夏模拟）teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ____to drive a car.
A are allowed B is allowed C will be allowed D allow
【被动的几种句式】
肯定句：主＋be + 过去分词＋(by ~)
否定句：主语＋be not ＋过去分词＋(by ~)
一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋(by ~)?
特殊疑问句：疑问词(5W1H)＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋ (by ~) ？
小试牛刀：
（2018宁夏预测卷）English is widely used around the world.(试变成以上几种句式)

【考点归纳：】 
1、五种常考基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时）和带情态动词的被动语态用法。 
 ①一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词 
Eg:I'm asked to take care of myself.
Football is played all over the world
②一般过去时：was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
Eg:The house was built in 1988
His leg was broken in the car accident
③.一般将来时：will/shall +be +及物动词的过去分词
Eg：More factories will be built in the future.
④ 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词
Eg :We have been learnt English for 15 years.
Luxun’ s book has been translated into many languages.
⑤.带情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+ be +过去分词”构成。
Eg: Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成,即can/may/must/should + be+过去分词

1. We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
　　2. They should do it at once.
　　 →It should be done at once.
　【主变被的特殊情况】
1. 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.
Eg: He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.(他昨天让那男孩工作了两小时)
　　 →The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
　　2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
　　 →I am never let to watch TV by mother.
2、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法：
英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语，如 tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make,sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow等，即是说这些动词后面会同时出现人和物做宾语，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语。变为被动语态时如果指物的宾语作主语，指人的宾语前要用介词for或to。
常见的接双宾语的动词有:
to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand
for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,
以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；
以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语（人）前必须加to或for.
Eg：he gave me a book.
I was given a book by him.
A book was given to me by him.
3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，才可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词. 常见动词短语的被动语态
take care of －be taken care of
cut down －be cut down
laugh at －be laughed at
look after－be looked after
下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加－by
be covered with …用…覆盖着
be interested in …对…感兴趣
be surprised at …对…感到惊奇
be made of （from）用…制造的
【常见被动句式】
  在汉语中，有一类句子不需要出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
1.据说……     It is said that …         
2.据报导…… It is reported that …
3.据推测……  It is supposed that …     
4.希望……  It is hoped that …
5.众所周知…… It is well known that …   
6.普遍认为…… It is generally considered that … 7.有人建议……  It is suggested that …
8.It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.....
9 It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然
10.It must be remembered that......务必记住......
11. It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记......
12.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)
例句：
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
.
【典型例题】
（ ）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C．are holding D．will ho1d
（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．
A． is giving B is given C will give D has given
（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught
（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
（ ）5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
（ ）6. --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom __________every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned
（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．
A． polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute
（ ）8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.
A. is started B. was started C. has started
（ ）9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
（ ）10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．
A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted
（ ）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown
（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives
（ ）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up
（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed
（ ）15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
    —Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
 A. clean         B. cleans    C. is cleaned     D. Cleaned
三、课后练习
（ ）1．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.   
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.
A. don’t tell        B. didn’t tell      C. haven’t told     D. wasn’t told
（ ）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
A. pull down  B. will be pulled down C. will pull down  D. are pulled down
（ ）3．--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped
（ ）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
（ ）5．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?
-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold
（ ）6．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.
A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
（ ）7．The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards
（ ）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted
（ ）9．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.”
---Sorry.
A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown
（ ）10．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．
A．will hold B will be held C．hold
（ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
（ ）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ ）14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
（ ）15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
--I think a bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built
（ ）16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.
--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned     B. when, has turned
C. if, has been turned     D. because, has turned
（ ）17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.
A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken
（ ）18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
（ ）19.--Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built
（ ）20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be ask
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一般现在时
1A 。[解析]考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。
2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”
3[答案]D。[解析]考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
4[答案]A。[解析] 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。
5[答案]C 。[解析]从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。
6. [答案]C。[解析]考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
一般过去时
1[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
2[答案]B。 [解析]从句意：“……自从‘地球日’开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started故选B。
3. We ________into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. [太原市]
A. divided B. are divided C. were divided
3[答案]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句"We did many things．”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。
4C 5D
一般将来过去
1[答案]D。[解析] 本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D项正确。
2B
答案B
答案：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。
答案为C。句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。

【参考答案】
1．答案D 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和tell之间是被动关系。
2．答案B 解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。
3．答案A 解析：由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选
4．答案B 解析：由Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。
5．答案C 解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。
6．答案D 解析：由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。
7．答案A 解析：依据题意： “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The "Thousand- hand Guanyin"，要用被动语态。故选A。
8．答案C 解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。
9．答案D 解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。
10．答案B解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008可知是将来时，运动会应该是“被举行”，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+过去分词。
11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息was often heard可直接断定正确答案为B。
12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term可知要用一般将来时，先排除B、C二项；另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选A。
13选A
14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C二项；另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选B。
15选D
16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.”可知“（电视）已经关掉了”，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为C。
17选C
18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可知本题要用被动语态，先排除A、B二项；结合题意可舍C选D。
19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要用一般过去时，先排除C、D二项；另结合题意“它（古老的宫殿）在近800年前被建造的”可舍A选B。
20选B

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