高中英语虚拟语气笔记重点大全.docx

高中英语虚拟语气笔记重点大全

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单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
1、— If I ______ my dog run out in the street, it wouldn't have been injured by the car.
— Don't blame yourself any more. Owning a pet is a tough job.
A．hadn't letB．didn't letC．wouldn't letD．wouldn't have let
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——如果我没有让我的狗在街上跑，它就不会被汽车撞伤了。——别再自责了。养宠物是一项艰巨的工作。根据下文it wouldn't have been injured by the car可知表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成时，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。故选A。
小提示：
if引导虚拟语气
1). 表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
If they had time, they would / could / might go with me.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。
2). 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如：
If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.
如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3). 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。
2、Our teacher recommends that we ________ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.
A．areB．shall beC．ought to beD．be
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议我们参观博物馆时，要尽可能地专心。根据句子分析可知，recommend表“建议”，后跟宾语从句，从句中谓语动词应用“(should)+do”，故选D。
3、—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.
—Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.
A．ShouldB．Would
C．HadD．Did
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——真可惜！你错过了我的生日聚会。——非常抱歉！要是我叔叔没有突然来看我，（我就不会错过你的生日聚会了）。根据语境该句补充完整为：_____ my uncle not visited unexpectedly, I wouldn’t have missed your birthday party. 该句表示对过去事情的虚拟，条件句部分应用had done形式。在虚拟条件句中，从句中有助动词had时，可将if省略，had提前，故C选项正确。
4、The manager demanded that the workers the task ahead of schedule.
A．accomplishingB．accomplishedC．accomplishD．to accomplish
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求工人们提前完成任务。动词demand意为：要求，其宾语从句的谓语动词由“(should)+动词原形”构成，其中should可省略，故选C项。
5、If it ______ rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.
A．were toB．willC．wouldD．is to
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天下雨，我应该不会开我的车。分析句子结构可知，本句考查if引导的虚拟语气，根据tomorrow判断此处是与将来事实相反，故用were to/should + do，故选A项。
6、His suggestion ________ to see the exhibition interested every one of us.
A．that we goB．which we should go
C．that we would goD．when we should go
答案：A
解析：
考查同位语从句和虚拟语气。句意：他提议去看美术展，这使我们每个人都很感兴趣。分析句子可知“to see the exhibition”为同位语从句，补充说明主语suggestion，故用that引导。此处suggestion译为“建议”，其后从句使用虚拟语气，结构为：主+should do，should可以省略。故选A项。
7、If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A．had beenB．were
C．would beD．was
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。从句首的if（如果）与主句的would have done（早就做…）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以if从句用一般过去式，be动词要用were。虚拟语气中，be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was，故选B。
小提示：
If条件句引导的虚拟语气，一般有三种形式。与现在事实相反：If +主语+did(be用were)，主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。与过去事实相反：If +主语+had done，主语+would/should/might/could + have done。与将来事实相反：If +主语+were to do/should do，主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态，用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式，做题是轻而易举的。
8、He would get to the university by Friday ______ today, which can ensure him of his speech.
A．were he to leaveB．if he had leftC．did he to leaveD．had he left
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果今天出发，他周五就可以达到那所大学，这样就可以确保他的演讲。根据He would get to the university by Friday判断此处考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时，即if he were to leave，又从句中有were时可省略if将其提到句首，即were he to leave，故选A项。
小提示：
本题考查非真实条件状语从句中虚拟语气的省略
If引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，如有were, had(助动词)，should时可省略if，再提前were, had, should。例如：
1).       If I were you, I would choose to stay at home. →Were I you, I would choose to stay at home.
2).       If it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman. →Should it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman.
3).       If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. →Had you followed my advice， you would be better now.
9、________ the rain stop，the crops would be saved.
A．WillB．Would
C．ShouldD．Had
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气中省略if的倒装。句意为：如果雨停了的话，庄稼将会得救。根据语可知，本句是对将来情况的假设，因此从句的谓语动词可用should +动词原形。如If条件句中如有were,should或had时，可把if省略，并把were,should或had提到主语的前面，使用倒装语序。因此此句可用“should＋动词原形”。从句为省略if将should提前构成的倒装。故选A。
小提示：
If虚拟条件句: 虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设,或一种主观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式.
(1) 与过去事实相反的： if从句用主语+had done，主句:主语+would/could/might/have done
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
(2)与现在事实相反的：if从句用主语+did /were,主句主语+would/could/might do
If I had time now, I would study French. 如果我现在有时间，我会学习法语的。
(3)与将来事实相反的if从句用主语+一般过去时/were to do /should do，主句用主语+should /would/could do
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If it should be fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东
(4)If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，
省略连词if。英语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有助动词或情态动词were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把而把were, had, should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)如果你问我，我会告诉你。
Were he to come here(=If he were to come here), he would tell us about it.
如果他来这里，他会告诉我们这件事。
Should it be fine tomorrow(=If it should be fine tomorrow) ,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去购物。
10、Without his inspiring experiences, Faraday____ electromagnetic induction.
A．discoveredB．hadn't discoveredC．have discoveredD．wouldn't have discovered
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：没有他那鼓舞人心的经历，法拉第就不会发现电磁感应。根据题干中的without可知本句是含蓄条件句，相当于if引导的虚拟条件从句，所以其主句的谓语动词则用相应的形式。根据语境without his inspiring experiences“没有他那鼓舞人心的经历”，可知是对过去情况的否定虚拟，所以主句的谓语动词需用would/could/might/should have done。故选D。
11、The teacher requests he ________in homework every morning.
A．handB．to handC．handsD．handed
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求他每天早上上交家庭作业。requests后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。故选A项。
12、I ______ sooner, but I didn’t know he was waiting for me.
A．would comeB．had comeC．would have comeD．was coming
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我本来可以早一点来，但我真不知道他正在等我。由“but I didn’t know he was waiting for me.”可知，“我”事实上并没有早点来，因此可推知第一句应该是一个虚拟语气的句子。因为讲述的是过去的事情，所以句子应借助于“would+have+过去分词”的形式。本句可以理解为：I would have come sooner if I had known that he was waiting for me.故选C。
小提示：
本题考查虚拟语气。解答此类题目首先根据上下文语境找到隐藏的条件，转换成if条件句中的虚拟语气来理解，然后判断是对哪种情况的虚拟，从而来确定谓语动词的形式。由“but I didn’t know he was waiting for me.”“我”事实上并没有早点来，因此可推知第一句应该是一个虚拟语气的句子。因为讲述的是过去的事情，所以句子应借助于“would+have+过去分词”的形式。本句可以理解为：I would have come sooner if I had known that he was waiting for me.故选C。
13、She said she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today.
A．if it didn’t slip her mind
B．if it weren’t to slip her mind
C．had it not slipped her mind
D．shouldn’t it slipped her mind
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：她说如果她没有忘记我今天到的话，她会派车来接我的。分析句子成分可知，she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today为宾语从句，该宾语从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意，该句与过去事实相反，从句________ that I was arriving today中应用过去完成时，该空处可填“if it hadn’t slipped her mind”。再有，虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是had，should，were 的话，可以省略连词if，且用倒装，故该句还可表述为had it not slipped her mind，选项C符合题意，故选C。
14、I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived.
A．had writtenB．wrote
C．would writeD．would have written
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：那时我本想给你写信的，但我不知道你住在哪里。根据后文but I didn’t know where you lived可知“我”并没有写信，短语would have done“本应该做但实际没有做”，表示对过去事实的假设。故选D。
15、It’s 8 o’clock? The show’s been on already! How I wish I ________ there right now!
A．had beenB．beC．could beD．am being
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：8点了?节目已经开始了!我多么希望我现在就在那里!wish后的宾语从句中，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望，所以用虚拟语气。对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主语＋wish＋ 从句主语＋would(could, might)+动词原形。故选C。
16、If she _______ make such a simple wish as not to be teased for disability last Christmas, Amy would still feel lonely now.
A．had dared notB．hadn’t dared to
C．dared notD．didn’t dare to
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果去年圣诞节Amy没有勇气许下这样一个简单的愿望——不要因为残疾而被嘲笑，她现在仍然会感到孤独。根据“last Christmas”判断此处是与过去事实相反的一种假设，应该用过去完成时，故B项正确。
17、He behaved naturally ___________ nothing had happened to him.
A．even ifB．only ifC．as ifD．not that
答案：C
解析：
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他表现得很自然，好像什么事都没有发生似的。A.even if即使；B.only if 只有；C.as if似乎；D.not that并不是说。根据“nothing had happened to him”使用了过去完成时可推断，是虚拟语气，只有as if引导的从句使用虚拟语气且符合题意。故选C。
小提示：
18、It is strange that the prominent celebrity ______ into exactly the same trap where many former stars got arrested.
A．fallB．fellC．would fallD．had fall
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：奇怪的是，这位著名的名人也落入了许多前明星被捕的陷阱。It is strange that sb. (should) do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事很奇怪”，should可省略，因此空格处用动词原形fall，故选A。
19、Many coral reefs in warm water areas would not be dying out ______ for the pollution accumulated over the previous years.
A．if it is notB．were it notC．had it not beenD．if they were not
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：要不是这些年的水体污染急剧增加，很多温水域中的珊瑚礁就不会灭绝。此处为错综时间虚拟，主句用would not be表示对现在虚拟，从句动作accumulate发生在过去，对过去的虚拟故应用had done形式，且当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首。故选C。
20、The suggestion came from the chairman ______ the new rule    ______.
A．what; was developedB．that; was developed
C．what; be developedD．that; be developed
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：主席的建议是应该制定新的规则。分析句子可知，the new rule部分为suggestion的同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句谓语部分用should的虚拟语气，should可以省略，综述选D。
21、—What a shame! You missed my birthday party!
—I’m terribly sorry, dear. Believe me, if I could have afforded the time, I _________.
A．wouldB．shouldC．would haveD．should have
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：---真可惜！你错过了我的生日聚会！---非常抱歉，亲爱的。相信我，如果我有时间的话，我会参加的。   could have afforded the time表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力。所以本句表示我本可以抽出时间去参加生日聚会，但是我没有。would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。在本句中表示本来会参加的，但实际上没有参加。故选C项。
22、If I_________ ten million dollars, I_________ travel around the world.
A．have; willB．had; willC．have; wouldD．had; would
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有一千万美元，我会周游世界。分析句子可知表示对现在情况的虚拟语气，if从句用一般过去时，主句用would+动词原形。故选D。
23、If I had known that, I ________ so.
A．wouldn't have doneB．didn't do
C．won't doD．wouldn't do
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我早知道，我就不会这样做了。此处与过去的事实相反，故答案为A。
小提示：
If引导的虚拟语气：
1).表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2).表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
3).表示与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
24、If he had spent more time practising spoken English before, he ____ able to speak it much better now.
A．would beB．will beC．has beenD．had been
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前多花些时间练习英语口语，现在就能说得好多了。结合语境，此处为错综时间条件句，根据before可知，if引导的条件状语从句表示与过去事实相反，使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词使用过去完成时，主句中的时间状语是now，使用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词使用would/should/might/could+动词原形。故选A。
25、In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he ___________ no chance of getting a degree.
A．would haveB．hadC．had hadD．would have had
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：在过去，如果像我这样的人没有通过考试考上大学，他就没有机会获得学位。根据“In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had+过去分词，主句谓语用would/could/should/might+过去分词，故D项正确。
26、But for his determination to stick it out, he ______ it as a top-ranked player in tennis.
A．shouldn't have madeB．could make
C．wouldn't have madeD．wouldn't make
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是他坚持到底的决心，他就不会成为一流的网球选手。but for表示“要不是、倘若没有”，需要用虚拟语气，属于隐含虚拟条件句，根据“his determination to stick it out”可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语用would(not)+have done，故C项正确。
27、The explosion in the chemical plant ______ avoided had the county authorities, aiming too much at short-term interests, performed their duties from the beginning.
A．should beB．might beC．must have beenD．could have been
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果县政府从一开始就履行自己的职责而不是过分着眼于短期利益，那么这座化工厂的爆炸本来是可以避免的。分析句子可知，本句是对过去事情的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略，句子倒装，所以主句是had the county authorities, aiming too much at short-term interests, performed their duties from the beginning，从句是could have been。故D选项正确。
小提示：
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：

条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)；should do；
were to do
would/could/might/should do
分析句子可知，本句是对过去事情的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略，句子倒装，所以主句是had the county authorities, aiming too much at short-term interests, performed their duties from the beginning，从句是could have been。故D选项正确。
28、－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving.
－ I wish they ______ always late.
A．aren’tB．weren’tC．wouldn’t beD．hadn’t been
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——孩子们在哪里？校车就要离开了。——我希望他们没有迟到。Wish后的宾语从句，使用虚拟语气，根据前一句可知，“孩子们在哪里”是叙述现在的事情，因此推断“孩子们不要迟到”是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时。故选B。
29、I’m sorry.________ for my illness，I would have come and lent you a helping hand.
A．Were it notB．If it were not
C．Had it not beenD．If it has not been
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我很抱歉。要不是我病了，我会来帮你一把的。从句为省略if的部分倒装结构，由主句中的would have come以及句意可知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此从句要用过去完成时。如If条件句中如有were,should或had时，可把if省略，并把were,should或had提到主语的前面，使用倒装语序。因此if从句中省略了if,就要had提到it之前，C符合题意。有人可能会误选D，但时态错了，如果选D，答案应为if it had not been。故选C项。
30、— Tina didn’t take the medicine last night, did she?
— No, but I wish she _______.
A．didB．shouldC．hadD．would
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——Tina昨晚没有吃药，是吗？——没有，但我希望她吃了。分析句子可知，wish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，结合语境可知，此处是与昨晚的事相反，即与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时had done，原句中省略了taken，故选C项。
31、When the earthquake happened, it seemed ________the world were coming to an end.
A．thatB．as
C．ifD．as if
答案：D
解析：
考查表语从句。句意：地震发生的时候，好像世界末日到了。A. that 连接词，无意义；B. as 正如，像……一样；C. if 是否；D. as if 似乎，好像。分析句子可知，此处引导一个表语从句，根据句意可知，从句使用虚拟语气，所以应用as if 引导该从句，故选D项。
32、Punishments would be severe, ranging from a few years in prison to the death penalty _______ a person be caught carrying drugs.
A．shouldB．wouldC．couldD．might
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果发现有人携带毒品，将会受到严厉的惩罚，从几年的监禁到死刑不等。因为与将来事实相反，所以从句用if +主语 + should + do。此处为省略if的虚拟语气的倒装，从句should a person be caught carrying drugs = if a person should be caught carrying drugs。故选A。
小提示：
虚拟语气的倒装：当虚拟条件句中含有were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将were，had，should，could 等词移至句首。本题分析为考查虚拟语气后，先判断与将来事实相反，且主句在前，从句在后。从句为省略if的虚拟语气的倒装，从句should a person be caught carrying drugs = if a person should be caught carrying drugs，从而选出正确的答案。
33、Which of the following is Wrong?
A．But for his help, I wouldn’t have done such a wonderful job in English.
B．His house, all the windows of which face south, enjoys great sunshine.
C．Not until the result turned out to be so serious that he realized his fault.
D．It is at this moment that he made the most important decision in his life.
答案：C
解析：
考查倒装句。A项考查虚拟语气。but for his help是含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would have done，故A项正确；B项是定语从句。which指代house，从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，用关系代词which，故B项正确；D项是强调句型，去掉it is…that，句子at this moment he made the most important decision in his life.是完整的句子，故D项正确。C项Not until the result turned out to be so serious置句首，主句用倒装句，that改为助动词did，故C项错误。故选C。
34、If Lincoln had lived, it________ be that his postwar policies would have brought critici