初中英语非谓语动词讲解.doc

非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解
非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。
一、动词不定式
1） 作主语
To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.
[说明]动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
e.g. It is + adj.+ 动词不定式
如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.
e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.
2）作表语
（表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词）之后。）
e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.
3）作宾语或者宾语补足语
e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.
e.g. He told me to be here on time.
4）作定语：e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.
5）作状语：e.g. He stopped to have a look.
[说明] 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成
e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.
2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：
疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。
e.g. (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.
(2) How to use the machine is a question.
(3) The question is when to go there.
3、省去了to 的动词不定式
1）let, have, make+do
2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
e.g. I saw him dance. 　=He was seen to dance.
e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.
3）would rather，had better + do
4、动词不定式的特殊句型：
1）too…to…+to do： e.g. He is too excited to speak.
2）enough to do： e.g. The child is old enough to go to school.
3）Why not +do e.g. Why not take a holiday?
4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的 e.g. Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
5、不定式的难点：
1）用作介词的“to”：
比如说look forward to ; pay attention to; devote oneself tobe/get used to，后面都是+doing的！
2）It's for sb.和 It's of sb.的区别
二、动词ing形式：
动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词
1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1）动名词作主语： e.g. Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动
2）动名词作表语 e.g. My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3）动名词作宾语： e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。
e.g. She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
[说明] 有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。
e.g.admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,。
6）动名词作定语：动名词可以单独作定语，就像形容词一样。
e.g. a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车
2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe
e.g.1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。

3．动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：
下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的：
begin to do
begin doing
continue to do
continue doing
start to do
start doing
下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的：
stop to do
stop doing
forget to do
forget doing
remember to do
remember doing
try to do
try doing
go on to do
go on doing
be afraid to do
be afraid doing

【专练】
1. Don't forget _________ the letter.
A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent
2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?
A. this B. that C. it D. which
4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.
A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil
6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
7. Li Yang advised me _________ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.
A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking
8. He ______ two million yuan ______a vase at the auction.
A. spent, buy B. cost, buying C. paid, buy D. spent, buying
9. The first thing I want to do is __________.
A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him
10. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
11. ________ is one thing, ________ is quite another.
A. To say, to do B. Say, do C. Said, did D. To say, do
12. I’ll try ________ the same mistakes again.
A. to not make B. not make C. not to make D. not making
13. It’s too hard ________ it by himself.
A. not to do B. to do C. that I do D. doing
14. It’s time for sports. Let’s ______bowling, shall we?
A. go B.to go C. going D. goes
15. ‘Mr. Zhou, you’d better______ too much sugar. You are already overweight,’ said the doctor.
A. not to eat B.to eat C. not eat D. eat

1．If you keep ________(fight) with him, you may hurt yourself.
2．The students are busy ________(prepare) for the coming exam.
3．His duty is ________(save) the sick people.
4．I have nothing ___________ (send) you.
5．They were made ___________ (work) ten hours a day.
6．No one knows what ___________ (do) next.

【提高题】
I. 选择题。
1. The doctor came______ our eyes.
A. to examine B. for examining C. as to examine D. examining
2. Our teacher always makes us _______ hard.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
3. _______ our classroom once a week is necessary.
A. Cleaning B. Clean Cleaned D. To clean
4. _______ is our duty ______ good service to customers
A. That, to give B. This, giving C. It, to give D. It, giving
5. It took years______ the highrise.
A. for our building B. for us in building C. to build D. building
6. Their wish is _____ a house of their own.
A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having
7. The teacher agreed _____ us_____ the test papers home.
A. to let, take B. to let, to take C. letting, take D. let, take
8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _______ me his bicycle.
A. lending B. lent C. to lend D. in lending
9. I don't like_______ people _________about their neighbours.
A. hear, talking B. to hear, talking C. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talked
10. I haven't decided ________
A. to take which train B. which to take a train
C. which train to take D. which train taken
11. You must remember____ me a phone call as soon as you get there.
A. giving B. to give C. gave D. give
12. Professor Brown taught his students______ English, and he learned ______Chinese from them.
A. how to speak, speaking B. how to speak, to speak
C. how speaking, speaking D. how speak, to speak
13. — Sorry, I forgot_________ you that the party wouldn't be held tonight.
— That's all right. Mary has told me about it.
A. telling B. I told C. told D. to tell
14. I wonder_________ him or not.
A. if invite B. whether to invite C to invite D. if to invite
15. I hope_________ yourself.
A. you to manage B. for you to manage
C. you managing D. that you can manage
16. — Would you like ________you the way there?
— It's kind of you. Thank you.
A. me showing B. that I show C. me show D. me to show
17. The old man said that he'd prefer______alone in the country rather than live with his son in the city.
A. living B. to live C. that he lives D. for him to live
18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her ____ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
19. Since nobody told her______, she came to our help.
A. what she did B. to do what C. what to do D. what she to do
20. My aunt showed me _____.
A. how to make a dress B. how a dress be made
C. how making a dress D. how a dress made
21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried______ more exercises______ .
A. to find, to do B. finding, to do C. to find, she did D. finding, done
22. The policeman told Smith ______after drinking.
A. to not drive B. not driving C. not drive D. not to drive
23. Tom kept quiet about his mistake_____ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
24. Pat should love ______ little Jim to the theatre this evening.
A. to take B. taking C. that he would take D. for him to take
25. We enjoy _ very much, because it is good for our health.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
26. — The light in the office is still on.
— Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turn it off B. to turn it off C. that I turned it off D. that I should turn it off
27. They were very tired and stopped_______ under a big tree.
A. resting B. to rest C. rest D. that they would rest
28. — Would you mind me the answer to the problem?
— Not at all.
A. that you tell me B. telling C. to tell D. if telling
29. He promised______ a doctor for my son.
A. me to get B. that he got me C. me getting D. me that he got
30. Father told the boy ______the dog a few bones after dinner.
A. that he gave B. to give C. giving D. gave.
31._________that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their day's work.
A. For getting B. Get C. So as to get D. In order to get
32. I think you are_________ meals yourself.
A. enough old to cook B. old enough to cook
C. old enough for cooking D. enough old cooking
33. The maths problem is_________ difficult_________.
A. so, as to work out B. very , to work out
C. too, to work out D. quite, worked out
34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didn't hear him in.
A. coming B. came C. to come D. come
35. Have you anything important____ us?
A. to tell B. telling C. told us D. you tell
36. — Do you know about Captain Ed Mitchell? 202
— Yes. He was the sixth man _____ on the moon.
A. walking B. walked C. to walk D. of walking
37. It is nice________her__________so.
A. for, to say B. for, saying C. of, to say D. of, said
38. Isn't it a nice way _____the hard problem?
A. to solve B. in solving C. solve D. solving
39. You'd better_________ her about her own health now.
A. not to tell B. not tell C. to not tell D. to tell not
40. What a coincidence! Dr. Brown happened_______ the doctor I was looking for.
A. he was B. being C. to be D. to being

II. 填空题。
1. Factories do not let out dirty water____________________ (为了不污染河流).
2. Her job is _________________. (照顾医院里患病的孩子)
3. In the supermarket the college students learned____________________. (如何为顾客服务)
4. There were so many toys that Judy didn't know____________________. (挑选哪一个).
5. The only trouble is_____________________. (如何保护这些电脑)
6. He will save money _____________________________.(为了支付将来的大学费用)
7. The nurse__________________________________ . (不允许孩子们玩火柴)
8. This medicine will________________.(帮你入睡)
9. They will be sent_______________(到非洲当医疗队员).
10. The boy asked his teacher__________________________.(让他自己修理冰箱)
11. The question is__________________. (是否让孩子们自己解决这个问题).
12. This telephone is_____________________. (足够小可以放进口袋)
13. This book will tell you ______________________. (如何使这台电脑储存信息)
14. I ________________________. （没有回答试卷上的最后一个问题）
15. It is not easy ______________________________. (一个人戒烟)
16. You can take a taxi there______ __________________. (而不是步行去)
17. The underground train is ________________________. (足够快可在20分钟内从我们学校行驶到体育场).
18. The lecture hall is __________________.（太小容纳不下500个学生）
19. Julia hurried to school__________________________. (没有吃早餐).
20. I told the students__________________________. （不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里）
21. Thomas ____________________________________. (有许多问题要问老师)
22. Do you know the saying “_______________________.” （活到老学到老）
23. Jack saw _____________________. (牛跑回来)
24. Athens ran all the way__________________________________(把好消息告诉他的人民 ).
25. He was the first man ___________________________________. (骑骑自行车做环球旅行)
26. They enjoy____________________________________. (爬山和野营 )
27. As soon as the teacher entered, he asked_____________________________(我们停止讲话 ).
28. _____________________ (在一个半小时内做完这份试卷 ) is almost impossible.
29. We were happy________________________________. (看到他们回到营地)
30. Would you mind _______________________________.？(我在你办公室打电话)

答案：
I.
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B
10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A19. C 20. A 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C
37. C 38. A 39. B 40. C
II.
1. so as not to pollute the rivers
2. to take care of the sick children in the hospital
3. how to serve customers
4. which to choose
5. how to protect these computers
6. so as to pay the college expenses in the future
7. didn't allow the children to play with matches
8. help you to go to sleep
9. to work in Africa as members of a medical team
10. to let him repair the fridge himself
11. whether or not to let the children solve the problem themselves
12. small enough to fit into a pocket
13. how to make this computer store information
14. failed to answer the last question in the test paper
15. for one to give up smoking
16. instead of walking
17. fast enough to move from our school to the stadium in twenty minutes
18. too small to hold five hundred students
19. without having breakfast
20. not to throw the cans and drinks bottles into the river
21. had many questions to ask his teacher
22. One is never too old to learn
23. the bull run back
24. to tell his people the good news
25. to travel around the world on his bicycle
26. climbing mountains and going on a camping trip
27. us to stop talking
28. To finish doing the test paper in one and a half hours
29. to see them return to the campsite
30. my making a telephone call in your office

7