初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点重点归纳与模拟题精炼.doc

八年级(上册)
Unit 1 Play Sports
【考点解析】
Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?
Section A
1．We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three．
against表示“对着：反对；靠着”。e. g．We are all against him．
【例1】(10年通化中考)Mr. Black is strongly_______ keeping animals in the zoo，because he thinks animals should also have the right to enjoy freedom．
A．up B．for C．against D．down
2．cheer sb．on为……加油，鼓劲
【例2】—Our class will have a basketball match with Class Two tomorrow.
—That sounds exciting. I’ll go and_________.
A．cheer on you B．cheer you on C．cheer up you D．cheer you up
3．win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。
(1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。
(2) beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。
a game a team
win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation
a prize an apponent(对手)
e.g. In the 29th Olympic Games，Phelps beat the other suimmers and won 8 gold medals himself. 在第29届奥运会上，菲尔普斯战胜其他游泳运动员，一人独获8金。
【例3】(10年福州中考)My favourite football team was_______ (beat)in the Cup Final.
【例4】—Our team_________ the match. We’ve got the first place!
—Well done! Congratulations!
A．hit B．beat C．won D．watched
【考点链接】 beat／win
(1)They________ the basketball match yesterday．
(2)By hard work she________ the first place in the math exam．
(3)He can always________ me at chess．
(4)It's difficult to__________ Class 3．They have several good players．
【分析比较】 这两个词中都有“赢”的意思。但beat的宾语是对手，即表示人的名词或代词，也可指打破纪录。win的宾语是表示比赛、奖品、胜利或荣誉等的名词或代词。
(1)的宾语是“比赛”，应填won。(2)的宾语是“名次”，应填won。
(3)和(4)的宾语为“代词和表示人的名词”，故填beat。
4．prefer宁愿，更喜欢
(1)prefer doing sth．to doing sth．跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sb．／sth．to sb.／sth．跟某人／某物比较起来更喜欢人／某物
(2)prefer to do sth．(rather)than do sth．跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事
(3)prefer to do sth．更喜欢做某事
【例5】(10年安徽中考) —Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?
—Sometimes．It's an interesting program，but I_______ Sports News．
A．prefer B．want C．enjoy D．miss
5．join／take part in
(1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员
(2)join sb．(in doing sth．)和某人一起(做某事)
(3)join in=take part，in参加某项活动
【例6】(09年包头中考) The weins are walking the book“who moved my cheese”，it’s fun to __________them.
A．join B．join in C．take part in D．enter
6．a little／a bit
(1)作状语，修饰比较级e．g．He is a bit／a little older than you．
(2)作主语或宾语e．g．Please give me a bit／a little．
(3)与not连用时not a bit=not at all not a little=very much e．g．He is not a little tired．他非常累。He is not a bit tired．他一点也不累。
(4)作定语修饰不可数名词a little(of)=a bit of
(5)quite a bit of后只能接不可数名词。quite a lot of可接可数或不可数名词。quite a few后只能接可数名词。
【例7】(09年上海中考)The American student could speak only_________ Chinese，but he managed to communicate with us．
A．few B．a little C．a few D．little
Section B
1．play for a team为某队效力be in／on the team在某队打球
【例8】Tom likes basketball very much. He wants to play________ the NBA when he grows up.
A．with B．for C. of D．to
2．dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。e．g．my dream job也可作动词dream of／about sth.／doing sth．
【例9】Last night I dreamt_______ alone in the mountains。
A．of run B．of running C．to run D．ran
3．“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最……之一”。e．g．He is one of the best basketball players．I like him very much．但它作主语时，谓语应用单数。One of the tallest boys in the team is from our class.
【例10】(10年莆田中考)The Great Wall of China is one of________ wonders in the world．
A．great B. B greater C．the greatest
4．break the record打破记录
5．in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在……比赛中”用in
e．g．in the race／in the basketball game
6．give up放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。e．g．give it up，give up doing sth．放弃做某事。
【例11】(10年莆田中考)Smoking is harmful to people's health, you should____ it_____(放弃)．
7．What a Shame=What a pity真遗憾!
【例12】(10年龙岩中考)一I missed the wonderful basketball Match.
A．No problem B．What a pity C. Not at all
Section C
1．spend／cost／pay／take
(1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间／精力／财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。
(2)cost主要指花费金钱／时间／劳力／精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sth．costs sb…．
(3)pay sb，酬谢某人，pay…for…可等同于spend…on…，或用cost作同义句转换。
e.g．He paid 20 yuan for the dictionary.=He spent 20 yuan on the dictionary．=The dictionary cost him 20 yuan. pay for sth．为……付款e．g. He has paid for the coat．
(4)take一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。
【例13】It’s take us about a week _______the machine．
A．to mend B．mend C．mended D．mending
【考点链接】 spend／take／cost／pay
(1)The girl ________thirty yuan on the scarf yesterday．
(2)How much did that shirt________ you?
(3) I________ five dollars for the book just now．
(4)It_________ me two hours to finish my homework every night．
(5)I'll________ for the tickets．
(6)They___________ half a day visiting the Great Wall．
【分析比较】 四者都有花费的意思。spend后接金钱或时间，常用结构为sb．spends money／time on sth．或sb．spends money／time(in)doing sth．。(1)题意为“昨天这个女孩花三十元钱买了条围巾”，故填spent。(6)题意为“他们用了半天参观长城”，故填spent。
cost花费金钱、时间等，主语必须是物或用it作形式主语。(2)题意为“这件衬衫花了你多少钱”，故填cost。
pay常与for连用，主语为人。pay for sth．／pay money for sth．(3)题意为“刚才我花了5美元买这本书”，故填paid。(5)题意为“我会付这些票的饯”，故填pay。
take多指花费时间，常用句型It takes sb．some time to do sth．(4)题意为“每晚我要花两个小时来完成作业”，故填takes。
2．do exercise=play sports做运动，锻炼
3．There be句型的将来时结构为There is／are going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。
【例14】—There_______ a funny film tonight in our school．Would you like to see with me?—I'd like to, but I have to do my homework．
A．is B．have C．is going to have D．is going to be
4．the high jump跳高 the long jump跳远
5．sure
(1)be sure that+从句e．g．I am sure that he is right．
(2)sb．be sure to do sth．某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。e．g．They are sure to come early．=I am sure that they will come early．
(3)be sure of／about sth．／doing sth．“确信”，表示主语对……有把握。e．g．I am sure of success．=I am sure I will succeed．
(4)用在祈使句里Be sure(not)to do sth．一定(不)做某事 e．g．Be sure to come here early．
【例l5】(10年福州中考) —I'm not sure__________ there are living things on other planets or not．
—Even scientists aren't sure about it．
A．whether B．where C．why
6．make的用法。(1)make sb．do sth．使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。(2)“make sb．／sth．+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。e．g．The rainy days make me sad．(3)make sth．for sb．—make sb．sth．为某人制作……
【例16】His words made us_________(feel)uncomfortable．
7．be good for“对……有益”，反义词组是be bad for“对……有害”。
8．keep healthy=keep fit保持健康
【例17】_________(保持健康)is very important for US because health is everything．
Section D
1．play against跟……进行比赛e．g．Would you like to play against us?
【考点链接】 play with／play against／play for
(1)Our team will__________ Class Three next Saturday．
(2)A group of kids were________ a ball in the street．
(3)Does Yao Ming__________ the Houston Rockets in the NBA?
【分析比较】play with玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与……玩耍。(2)题意为“孩子们在玩球”，故填playing with。
play against同……比赛。(1)题意为“两个队比赛”，故填play against。
play for为……效力。(3)题意为“姚明在NBA 为休斯敦火箭队打球吗?”，故填play for。
2．leave…for…离开某地去某地leave for=set off for出发去某地．
【例18】(10年龙岩中考)—I'm leaving for Shanghai to visit the Expo 2010 this weekend．
—__________ ．
A．Well done B．I hope so C．Have a good tripe
3．一般将来时
(1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week，month，year，Sunday…)等。
(2)结构为be going to do sth．或will do sth．。There be句型的将来时结构为There is／are going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have／has。
(3)表示位置移动的动词go, come，leave，fly，start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。
【例19】(10年河北中考)This term________ over．The summer vacation is coming in two weeks．
A．is B．was C．has been D．will be
【例20】(10年重庆中考)If you___________ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week，I will go with you．
A．go B．has gone C．will go D．are going
【习题精练】
Ⅰ．词汇
A．根据句意和汉语提示填写单词。
1．would you like to_______(参加)the school English club?
2．Yaoming will play for our national_______ (队)．
3．A lot of people like the song very much．It's very_______ (流行)．
4．You can________(放松)yourself when you listen to music after a day's work．
5．Kate's father is________(出发)for Beijing the day after tomorrow．
B．根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。
1．What does Joan want to be when she_______(长大)．
2．Our class will________ (与……比赛)the Class Four football team.
3．Do you know what the best way to_______(保持健康)is?
4．Please come and ________us_______ (为……加油)．
5．They all took part in the 2002_________ __________(世界杯)．
Ⅱ．单项选择
1．(10年武汉中考)It was a difficult time，but we never_______ hope．
A．put up B．gave up C．picked up D. used up
2．(10年宁德中考)The nice toy is much too expensive，I can't_______ it．
A．spend B．pay C．afford
3．(10年龙岩中考)—How much did you pay for the new car?
—It______ me more than 300，000 yuan．
A．cost B．spent C．made
4．(10年兰州中考)Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ________ ．
A．to stop crying B．stop crying C．to stop to cry D．stop to cry
5．(10年南京中考) —I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.
—Oh，how nice! Do you know when he_______ ?
A．left B．left for C．was leaving D. was leaving for
6．(10年江西中考) —Hello，Sandy．This is Jack．What are you doing?
—I'm watching a match．It started at 7 p．m．and_______ on for another half an hour．
A．has been B．was C. had been D．will be
7．(09年厦门中考) —Yeah，our team_______ the match．
—Well done! Congratulations．
A．beat B．failed C．won
8．(09年扬州中考) —what a heavy rain!
—So it is．I prefer_______ at home________ on such a rainy day．
A．watch TV；to go out B．watch TV；go out
C．watching TV；to going out D．to watch TV；going out
9．(09年福州中考)Paper—making is________ of ancient China．
A．one of greatest inventor B．one of the greatest inventors
C．one of greatest invention D．one of the greatest inventions
10．(09年泉州中考) —Is the man in black pants your teacher?
—Yes，he________ us biology since last year．
A．will teach B．has taught C．is teaching
11．(09年漳州中考) —I'm sorry I can't find the library book．
—I'm afraid you have to_______ it．
A．send for B．call for C．pay for D．wait for
12．(08年龙岩中考) —I missed the Same Song yesterday．
—________ ．I know that you like the program best．
A．I am afraid not B．What a pity C．I think so
13．(08年龙岩中考)Rather than______ on a crowded bus，he always prefers to school．
A．to ride；walk B．riding；walk C．ride；to walk
14．(08年厦门中考) —Would you like some milk in your tea?
—Yes，please．But just_______ ．
A．little B．a little C．a few
15．(07年云南中考)The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese．It's fun to _______ ．
A．join B．join in C．take part in D. enter
Ⅲ．(10年泉州中考)完形填空
The holiday season is a wonderful time to stay with the family and to enjoy delicious food you like 1 of all．But along with many joys of the holiday，there is also quite 2 stress. Doing exercises is an excellent way 3 such stress．Traveling，shopping and many other exercises as well as eating well are also good for 4 ．
Here are some holiday trips 5 will prevent you from getting weight.
·Walk for a while every day．Take the stairs instead of 6 the lift．
·Make time for 7 ．Even a quick breakfast，like fruits for juice，whole-grain cereal(谷类食品)，and milk，can prevent hunger 8 the day．
·Drink at least eight glasses of water every day．Because 9 water prevent hunger and tiredness．You can choose good drinks like water，juice and tea．
·Eat at least five kinds of fruits and vegetables every day． 10 you want to eat something between breakfast and lunch，pick fruits and vegetables，they are good snacks．
Wish all of you a very healthy and happy holiday season !
1．A．well B．better C．best
2．A．little B．a lot of C．many
3．A．fight B．to fight C．fighting
4．A．work B．study C．health
5．A．that B．what C．who
6．A．waiting for B．looking at C．checking over
7．A．supper B．lunch C．breakfast
8．A．after B．during C．before
9．A．enough B．hot C．clean
10．A．But B．If C．Because
【考点解析】
Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?
Section A
1．would／could／will you(please)do sth．“请你做……好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是would／could／will you(please)not do sth．。e．g．Would you please not play the piano loudly?
【例1】(10年陕西中考)Hi，Jack．Would you please_____________ the picture on the wall?
A．to put up B．put up C．set up D. to set up
2．fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。fall down摔倒，跌倒。
【考点链接】 sick／ill
(1)The________ child needs help．
(2)His grandma is still________ in bed．
【分析比较】sick“生病的，有病的”。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也可以用作表语。故(1)和(2)两题都可以填sick。
ill与sick同义，ill主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故(1)不能填ill，只有(2)可填ill。
3．mind的用法
(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sb．／sth．／doing sth．。e．g．I don't mind a little more homework．Would you mind me／my smoking here?=Would you mind if I smoke here?
对would you mind sb．／sb．'s doing sth．及“would you mind if+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意”，可用Yes，you'd better not．／I am sorry but I do．如果表达“不会介意”，可用No，not at all．／Never mind．／It doesn't matter．／No，of course not．
(2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sth．／would you mind not doing sth? 对Would you mind doing sth．的回答可以用Of course not，I will do it right away．／Sorry．I will do it right away．对would you mind not doing sth．的回答可以用Sorry，I won't do it again．／I'm sorry about that．
(3)作动词，“注意，当心”。e．g．Mind the wet paint．
(4)作名词，“思想”。set one's mind to do sth．／on sth．专注于做某事
【例2】(10年宁德中考)My grandparents are sleeping in the bedroom．Would you mind my__________ TV?
—Certainly not．We can go out for a walk．
A．turning on B. turning off C．turning up
【例3】(10年安徽中考)—I hope you don't mind my opening the window．
— ________.It's much too hot in here．
A．Certainly B．Of course not C．All right D．Never mind
4．be glad／happy to do sth．乐意做某事
【例4】I think everyone is glad_________ more friends．You know，more friends，more roads．
A．make B．making C．to make D．makes
5．practice sth．／doing sth．练习做某事
【例5】(09年上海中考)Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced for years．
A．sing B．to sing C. singing D．sang
Section B
1．be always doing sth．老是……，含有抱怨的感情色彩。e．g．Liu Ming is always fighting with his friends．
【例6】—Tom，don't be always ______for school．—I am very sorry．I won't．
A．be late B．late C．being late D．lating
2．careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully．
【例7】(09年上海中考)Be careful! There's some broken glass on the ground．The underlined part means________ ．
A．Look out B．Go ahead C．Get ready D．Keep quiet
3．chance机会have a chance to do sth．有机会做某事get a chance