牛津上海八年级下句型专题教案.doc

牛津上海八年级下句型专题教案八年级下句型专题教案简单句、并列句和复合句英语句子按结构可以分为3类：简单句（simple sentence）、并列句（compound sentence）、主从复合句（complex sentence）简单句（simple sentence）定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。简单句只有一个主谓关系。Eg. Things change. (一个主语，一个谓语)Eg. Both he and his brother are good swimmers. (两个主语，一个谓语)Eg. She took her son, ran out of the house, put him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest hospital. (一个主语，多个谓语)简单句分为四类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。1. 陈述句：用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法。1） 肯定句Eg. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.2） 否定句Eg. He is not a student. (be动词的否定)Eg. You cant have it both ways. (情态动词的否定)Eg. I dont want to do that. (行为动词的否定)Eg. He can hardly speak an English word. (否定词表否定)Eg. Neither of them knows French. (两者的全部否定)Eg. None of these answers is right. (三者及以上的全部否定)2. 疑问句1） 一般疑问句Eg. Do you have any English books?/ Have you got any English books?2） 特殊疑问句Eg. Who is in the classroom? (疑问词作主语， 与陈述句语序相同)Eg. Where do you come from?(疑问词+一般疑问句)3） 反意疑问句Eg. There is a radio on the table, isnt there?Eg. He didnt get good grades in the exams, did he?4） 选择疑问句Eg. Do you go to work by bus or by bike?3. 祈使句：用以表示命令、建议、劝告或请求。祈使句用动词原形，不能带情态动词。祈使句一般没有主语，如果有必要指出谁是特定的受话者，也可以加主语。1） 肯定式Eg. Be careful!Eg. Lets play basketball!2） 否定式Eg. Dont make so much noise!Eg. Dont you do that again! (祈使句中保留主语，为引起重视或者表达不耐烦，主语you重读。)Eg. No smoking here!4. 感叹句：用以表达快乐，痛苦，惊讶，哀叹，遗憾等强烈感情。1） 以副词how引导的感叹句How + adj./ adv. + S + VEg. How beautiful an oil painting it is!How + S +VEg. How the wind blows!2） 以代词what 引导的感叹句What + (a/an) +n. + S + VWhat a lovely oil painting it is!What good news this is!What strange ideas you have!并列句（Compound Sentence）定义：并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲，所谓“”并列“、对等”是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思，谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此，这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系。否则，它们就可能被分别写成简单句，而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了。在并列句中，要使两个或几个主谓结构（或者说，分句）连接在一起，就要用并列连词。并列连词用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的分句。其基本结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列连词的用法And, or, but, yet, for,和so 均可以用作并列连词1. and的用法1） 表示增补关系Eg. She has lent me one of her new books, and the latest one in her collection.2） “祈使句+and+陈述句”表示条件和结果，意为“”如果就“, ”只要就”Eg. Press the button and the door opens by itself.3） 表示转折或让步She has wronged me, and (yet) I wish to do her justice.2. Or的用法1） 表示选择，连接两个并列句，指二者必须选择其一。Eg. The children can go with us, or they can stay at home.2） 表示否定的条件和结果，意为“否则”，“不然”Eg. Hurry up, or youll be late for school.3） 表示同位关系，意为“即”，“就是”Eg. He arrived very late last night, or rather in the early hours this morning.3. but 的用法1） 表示转折Eg. You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.2） 表示对照Eg. Western medicine has developed a lot, but Chinese traditional medicine is still helpful to peoples health.3） 用于表示歉意的话后引导一个分句Eg. Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the station?注意：however是连接副词， 一般不能与but 一样连接两个句子，在句子中位置也比较灵活。请注意下面例子中but, however的用法，并注意标点的使用。The man is old, but he works like a young man.The man is old; however, he works like a young man.The man is old. However, he works like a young man.The man is old. He, however, works like a young man.The man is old. He works like a young man, however.4. Yet的用法连接两个分句表示转折，与but用法基本相同，但是也可以与and或but连用。Eg. He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us.Eg. Shes foolish, and yet people like her.Eg. He is funny, but yet you cant help liking him.5. For的用法：表原因1） 所表示的因果关系多属于推断性的， 此时不能与because互换使用。Eg. He must be ill today, for he didnt come to school.2） 所表示的原因是直接原因，此时可以与because互换使用。Eg. We must set off early, for we have a long way to go.注意：for引导的句子不能位于句首。6. So的用法：表结果Eg. He told me to do it, so I did it.注意：so和because不能同时用于同一句中。Therefore是连接副词，一般不能与so一样连接两个句子。可以与and连用。注意标点的使用。Eg. Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories.Eg. It rained; therefore, the game was called off.Eg. It rained. Therefore, the game was called off.其他结构的用法：1. both A and B: 连接两个并列成分， 但不连接句子。eg. Both my parents and my friends are pleased with my job.2. not only A but (also) B, B as well as A; 不但而且not only A but (also) B侧重后者，而as well as侧重前者eg. She can not only sing but also dance.eg. She can dance as well as sing.3. neither A nor B 既不也不eg. The railway station is neither large nor modern.注意：可以转换成not eithereg. The railway station is not large. It is not modern, either.4. either A or B或是或是, 不是就是eg. You may take either this one or that one. They are the same.复合句（Complex Sentence）定义： 复合句明显地不同于简单句， 因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。从表面上看，它与并列句相似。其实不然， 并列句的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的；而复合句的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的，对等的， 其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句（Main Clause）; 其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句。（Subordinate Clause）复合句类型：1. 名词性从句1） 主语从句Eg. That she was able to come made us very happy.Eg. It is still unknown which team will win the match.2） 宾语从句Eg. There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.Eg. We find it necessary that we practice speaking every day.3） 表语从句Eg. China is not what it used to be.Eg. The question is who can complete the difficult task.4） 同位语从句Eg. Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals、Eg. An idea occurred to him that he might do the experiment in another way.2. 定语从句eg. The building that stands near the river is our school.eg. Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government.3. 状语从句eg. If you work hard, you will surely succeed.eg. He was eating his breakfast when he heard the bell ring.练习1. _ it with me and I will see what I can do.A. When leftB. Leaving C. If you leaveD. Leave2. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _ they will save us money in the long run.A. orB. sinceC. forD. but3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.A. completedB. completeC. had been completedD. have been completed4. _ at the door before entering please.A. KnockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock5. We are going to the bookstore in Johns car. You can come with us _ you can meet us there later.A. butB. andC. orD. then6. I hope you dont mind me asking, _ where did you buy those shoes?A. soB. andC. yetD. but7. The shop doesnt open until 11 a.m., _ it loses a lot of business.A. forB. orC. butD. so8. Stand over there _ you will be able to see it better.A. orB. and C. butD. while9. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. satB. to sitC. Having satD. Sitting10. Lose one hour in the morning _ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.A. butB. andC. orD. so11. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.A. untilB. forC. unlessD. but12. She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A. whichB. itC. asD. who13. She is American, _ she knows little about American history.A. soB. yetC. andD. therefore14. Information technology is taught in most schools, _ we have entered the information society.A. soB. whileC. stillD. for15. _ the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.A. ReadB. ReadingC. If readingD. When you read16. _, so he didnt come to school last week.A. Though he was illB. Being illC. Having been illD. He was ill17. They appeared to have done well in the contest, _ they all came out of the hall, chatting happily.A. soB. butC. forD. when18. _ for a long time, so I wrote to my friend again.A. Having not heard from himB. Not having heard from himC. I hadnt heard from himD. Not having been received her letter19. Tom took the first prize, _ was a wonderful achievement for a small child.A. and itB. thisC. thatD. and which20. Nowadays many people long for an adventure to a place where few people, _ at least no one they know, have gone before.A. whomB. orC. andD. for1-5 DDDDC 6-10 DDBAB 11-15 BBBDD 16-20 DCCAB 课后作业单选题1Youd better take a taxi,_youll miss the train.Aand Bor Cbut Dthough2Look at the man over there. _he is!AHow tallBHow highCWhat a tall3_picture books in class, please.ANot read BNo readCNot reading DDont read4I dont think she will agree with me,_?Awont she Bwill sheCdoes she Disnt she5There is little milk in the bottle, _?Aisnt it Bis itCisnt there Dis there6_will the foreign students be back from Qufu?In two days, I think.AHow soon BHow oftenCHow far DHow fast7_is it from here to the nearest post office?Its 20 minutes on foot.AHow long BHow soonCHow often DHow far8He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.Athough Bfor Cbut Dso9Stand over there, _ youll be able to see the oil painting better.Abut Btill Cand Dor10Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, he cant understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.Aso Bor Cbut Dfor11Can you play football?Yes, I can, I cant play very well.Aor Band Cso Dbut12The war was over about three months ago, _the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.Aor Band Cbut Dso13You must work hard, _ you will fall behind.Aand Bbut Cso Dor14Work hard, youre sure to be successful in this exam.Aand Bor Cbut Dso15 Will you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid day is possible. Ill be busy next week.AeitherBneitherCboth16 Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.ANot only; but also BNeither; norCBoth; and DEither; or17Be careful with your machine, youll be hurt.Aand Bbut Cor Dso18 Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day? Oh, not only my father, my grandpa got red roses.Aor Band Cbut Duntil19 How do you like the two pairs of shoes? They dont fit me well. They are too big too small.Anot only; but also Bboth; andCneither; nor Deither; or20We bought her a birthday present, _ she liked it very much.AsoBor21 Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day? Oh, not only my father, _ my grandpa got red roses.AorBandCbut D. until22 Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love to, _ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do.Aor Bbut Cso Dand23The doctors tried their best to save the patients life, _ failed.Aor BsoCbut Dbecause24_ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.ANot only; but also BNeither; norCBoth; and DEither; or25None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _ too big _ too small.Aboth; and Bneither; norCeither; or Dnot only; but also26“Are you going to eat here _ take it away?” asked the waiter.AandBsoCor D. but27Da-Fa is cleaning the house_ some of his friends are coming for dinner.AbecauseBbutCif D. so28Mother was ill, _ Father cooked for us instead.Abut Bor Cso Dand 1-5 BADBD 6-10 ADBCA 11-15 DCDAB 16-20 DCCDC 21-25 CBCDC 26-28 CAC 8 / 8