新标准大学英语第四册unit1教案.doc

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Unit one
Active reading 1
Teaching objectives
l Different types of degrees ( bachelors, masters, doctors)
l Characteristics of Generation X and Generation Y/Grunt
l Highlighting different aspects of a problem
l Resume
Warming-up activity
1. Read the passage in activity 1 and work in groups to discuss the topic.
2. Based on your experience and knowledge, discuss the differences of a good job and a job.
Useful expressions & language points
galvanize vt. Shock or affect someone enough to produce a strong and immediate reaction
使振奋；刺激；使（某人）震惊或激动（并采取行动）
e.g. His speech yesterday galvanized many workers into action.
他昨天的演讲激励不少工人行动起来了。
fraught adj. very worried and with a lot of problems 忧虑的；焦虑不安的
e.g. 1. After his speech, there was a fraught silence.他发言后，出现了一阵令人焦虑不安的沉默。
2. She sounded a bit fraught. 她听上去有点儿忧心忡忡。
clutch vt. hold sb. or sth. firmly 紧抓；紧握
e.g. 1. The mother clutched her baby in her arms.母亲紧紧地把婴儿抱在怀里。
2. He felt himself slipping and clutched at a branch.
slump vi.
1) sit, lean, or fall heavily and limply, esp. with a bent back （沉重地）坐下；垂头弯腰地坐着
2) be suddenly reduced to a much lower level 暴跌；剧降
e.g. 1. She slumped against the cushions. 她无力地靠在沙发垫上。
2. I saw her slump against the wall. 我看见她无力地靠在墙上。
3.What caused the price of irons to slump? 钢铁价格暴跌是什么原因?
grunt n.（表示厌恶、不满的）咕哝声，嘟哝声
e.g. He gave a grunt to show his disapproval. 他嘟嘟囔囔地表示着自己的不满。
detached adj.
1) Someone who is detached is not personally involved in something or has no emotional interest in it. 超然的
2) A detached building is one that is not joined to any other building.（房屋）独立的
e.g. 1. He tries to remain emotionally detached from the prisoners, but fails.
他想尽力保持对囚犯们不掺杂个人感情，但做不到
2. He’s a man up in the air you know he’s so detached he doesn’t have his feet on the ground. 他是个生活在空中的人，十分超然，从不脚踏实地。
3. ... a house on the corner with a detached garage ...拐角处一幢有独立车库的房子
cf. attach
comprehensive adj. 全面的，综合的
e.g. 1. No one yet has a comprehensive plan for how we could do so again, but everyone agrees on what the biggest parts of the plan would be.到目前为止，没有人能够提出一个综合计划来告诉我们如何这样去做，但每一个人都同意这一计划的最大组成部分是什么。
2. Write and express your ideas in a very comprehensive and clear way.你要以非常全面和简洁的方式表达出自己的观点。
词组：comprehensive evaluation 综合评价法 comprehensive analysis 综合分析法
comprehensive utilization 综合利用 comprehensive quality 综合素质
comprehensive treatment 综合治疗；综合处理
comprehensive national power/strength 综合国力comprehensive university 综合性大学
comprehensive trading company 综合贸易公司
同根词：词根：comprehend
adj. comprehensible 可理解的
adv. comprehensively 包括地；包括一切地
n. comprehension 理解；包含 comprehensiveness综合；详尽
vt. comprehend 理解；包含；由...组成
proceed v.
1. If you proceed to do something, you do it, often after doing something else first.（做完某事之后）接着（做另一事）
e.g. He proceeded to tell me of my birth. 他接着给我讲了我的出生。
2. If you proceed with a course of action, you continue with it. 继续进行（某行动）[正式]
e.g. The group proceeded with a march they knew would lead to bloodshed. 这群人继续进行他们知道会导致流血事件的一次游行。
3. If an activity, process, or event proceeds, it goes on and does not stop. （活动、过程、事件等）继续
e.g. The ideas were not new. Their development had proceeded steadily since the war. 这些想法并不断。它们的发展自开战以来一直在稳步地继续。
同根词：词根：process
adj. process 经过特殊加工（或处理）的 processional 游行的；列队行进的
n. process过程，进行；方法，步骤；作用；程序；推移
proceeding 进行；程序；诉讼；事项
procession 队伍，行列；一列，一排；列队行进
processional 游行圣歌
v. proceeding 开始；继续做；行进（proceed的ing形式）
vi. process 列队前进 procession 列队行进
vt. process 处理；加工 procession 沿着...行进
advocate v./n.
1. vt. If you advocate a particular action or plan, you recommend it publicly. 提倡[正式]
Mr. Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.
威廉斯先生是一位提倡减少政府对商业的控制的保守人士。
2. n. An advocate of a particular action or plan is someone who recommends it publicly. 倡导者
He was a strong advocate of free market policies and a multi-party system. 他是自由市场政策以及多党制的坚定定倡导者。
3. n. An advocate for a particular group is a person who works for the interests of that group.为（某团体）谋利益者[美国英语]
e.g. ...advocates for the homeless. ...为无家可归者谋利益的人
Text-learning
1. Do comprehensive exercise of the Starting Point
2. Difficult language points and sentences
1) Honors Degree
①　 Most people get a second.
②　 Traditionally, in the British university system, BA (文学学士) and BS (理学学士) are awarded in different categories: a first class degree (I), a second (IIi or IIii called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) and a pass degree.
③　 There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.
2) Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party, began to fade. (Para 1)
The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university fees and living expenses and for occasional social events - at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgotten because the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’t have a job and doesn’t seem to be actively seeking one.
3) Civil Service fast stream (Para.5)
Civil Service fast stream refers to the recruitment of graduates to serve in government departments or agencies. Their academic and personal records assure them of fast promotion in government service. 快速晋升人才培养计划
4) I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being‘too detached’ and talking in language that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)
Jack passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews. They said he was not personally involved and used the language of a technical expert or high authority. As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise so he can’t understand this criticism.
5) For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. (Para 6)
The others who do not have a routine low-status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill out all day (they spend their time casually relaxing - they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in the evening.
6) I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to the good university.(Para 6)
Jack went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students), so he had to work very hard to enter a good university. To work your backside off is informal and means you work very hard indeed.
7) Carry on life as normal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve of emotional energy. (Para 11)
The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let their children spend their money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away or use up all their energy and emotions.
8) After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)
Then the parents should push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.
Preview
v Getting information about American generations
Homework: Ex.2-7 of active reading 1
preview active reading 2

Active reading 2
Teaching Objectives
l Concessive clauses
l Focusing on informal writing
l Structuring a short story
Warming-up activity
1. Read the passage in activity 1 and work in groups to discuss the topic.
2. Finish the exercises 2 after reading the text as a Skimming and Scanning material.
Useful expressions & language points
hassle n. sth. that is annoying, because it causes problems or is difficult to do 麻烦
e.g. 1. It’s such a hassle not having a washing machine. 没有洗衣机真是麻烦。
2. It saves a lot of hassle if you buy them by post. 邮购可以减少很多麻烦。
deduct vt. take an amount or number from a total 减去；扣除
e.g. 1. Nothing will be deducted from your pay without your consent.
没有你的同意你的工资一分钱也不会扣。
2. The cost of the breakages will be deducted from your pay.
损坏东西的费用将从你的工资中扣除。
Word family: deduction n.
loan n. an amount of money that a person, business, or country borrows, especially from a bank （尤指银行的）贷款；借款
e.g. 1. As it was an unsecured loan, their property was not at risk.
2. They were struggling to meet their monthly loan repayments.
3. I’d take into account his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.我要考虑一下他在该社区其他农户和商人中的声誉，然后决定是否同意贷款给他。（CET4-2000-01）
gamble v.
1) risk money or sth. valuable in the hope of winning more if you are lucky or if you guess sth. correctly 打赌；赌博
e.g. 1. He gambles in the casino when he is in cash. 他有钱时就在赌场赌博。
2. When he had gambled his money, he was put to shifts to live.他输光钱就凑合着过日子。
2) do sth. that involves risks but may result in benefits if things happen as you hope they will 冒风险
e.g. She’s had two kidney transplants and now her family are gambling on one last operation.
她做过两次肾移植，现在家人正冒险让她做最后一次手术。
fortunately ad. used for emphasizing that sth. good has happened, especially because of good luck 幸运地；侥幸地
e.g. I was late, but fortunately the meeting has not started.我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没开始。
highlight
1) n. the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event 最精彩的部分
e.g. I'll show you the highlights of the event.我将给你展示这个事件最精彩的部分。
2) vt. describe sth. in a way that makes people notice it and think about it 使突出；使强调
e.g. The President highlights the importance of his visit to China.总统强调访问中国的重要性。
odds n. (pl) the chances of sth. happening （某事发生的）机会，可能性
e.g. 1. The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
2. The odds against this ever happening are high.这种情况永远不会发生的可能性很大。
sympathize vi. ( ~ with) behave in a kind way and show that you understand someone’s problems 同情；体谅
e.g. 1. It is easy to understand and sympathize with his predicament.
很容易对他的困境表示理解和同情。
2. We sympathize deeply with his family.
我们深深地同情他们一家。
Word family: sympathy n. sympathetic adj.
exceed vt.
1) be better than; surpass 超过；胜过
e.g. His knowledge of history exceeds mine. 他的历史知识超过我。
2) be greater than a number or amount 超过，超出（某数量）
e.g. Production costs have exceeded £60,000.生产成本已超过6万英镑。
3) go beyond what is allowed or stipulated by (a set limit, especially of one's authority) 超越；超出（限定，尤其某人的权限）
e.g. The Tribunal’s decision clearly exceeds its powers under the statute.
法庭的决定明显超出了法律所规定的权力。
See also: exceed (one’s) expectations.
Text-learning
Difficult language points and sentences
1. bang on
(~about) to talk about something for a long time in a boring and annoying way不停地唠叨
2. let alone
used for saying that something is even less likely to happen than another unlikely thing(用于表示某事更不可能)更不用说，更谈不上
3. bow towards/to the inevitable
to accept something that you could not change 听天由命
4. treat oneself to sth.
to do or buy something special for oneself犒劳自己；特意买（某物）
5. for fear that
in case you make something bad happen 生怕...；以免...
6. If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be.
In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, people normally praise it, but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.
7. I mean, I wasn’t a dropout and I knew I’d have to some day.
The word dropout usually refers to someone who quits school before graduation. Here in this context, it means someone who withdraws from a social group or environment.
8. What were the odds on anyone being so nice?
What are the chances that someone would be so nice? The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness is very unusual.
9. …looking back after all these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed.
A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.
Preview
v Ex.1-5.7-8 of language in use.
Homework: Ex.4-7 of active reading 2
-可编辑-