高中英语虚拟语气易错知识点总结.docx

高中英语虚拟语气易错知识点总结

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单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
1、______ my foot hurt, I would have taken part in the sports meet.
A．Had I not gotB．If I did not getC．If I have not gotD．Had not I got
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果我的脚没有受伤，我就会参加运动会了。结合语境和下文would have taken part in可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，与过去的事实相反，从句应用过去完成时had done；可省略if，将助动词had置于主语之前。故选A。
小提示：
2、She said she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today.
A．if it didn’t slip her mind
B．if it weren’t to slip her mind
C．had it not slipped her mind
D．shouldn’t it slipped her mind
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：她说如果她没有忘记我今天到的话，她会派车来接我的。分析句子成分可知，she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today为宾语从句，该宾语从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意，该句与过去事实相反，从句________ that I was arriving today中应用过去完成时，该空处可填“if it hadn’t slipped her mind”。再有，虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是had，should，were 的话，可以省略连词if，且用倒装，故该句还可表述为had it not slipped her mind，选项C符合题意，故选C。
3、—Did you enjoy your trip?
—Yes. If we hadn’t taken your advice, we ________ our stay in London so much.
A．wouldn’t have enjoyedB．hadn’t enjoyed
C．wouldn’t enjoyD．didn’t enjoy
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——你旅行愉快吗？——是的。如果我们不听你的劝告，我们在伦敦的逗留不会这么愉快。此处表示对过去事实的虚拟，if引导的条件句使用过去完成时，主句使用would/could/might/should have done。故选A。
4、If he hadn’t hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, he a goal.
A．may have scoredB．would scoreC．would have scoredD．had scored
答案：C
解析：
句意：如果踢球前他没有犹豫了一下，他就会射进球。分析句意可知，此句是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反，主句谓语动词要用would have done结构。故选C项。
小提示：
本句考查if对过去事实相反的假设。if在虚拟语气三种情况：(1)对过去事实相反：从句had done，主句would/could/might+have done (2)对现在事实相反：从句did /were，主句would/could/might+do (3)对将来事实相反：从句should do/were to do/did，主句would/could/might+do。
5、His expression suggested that he ____the invitation and he suggested full preparations _____.
A．had accepted; would be madeB．accepted; be made
C．has accepted; makeD．had accepted; be made
答案：D
解析：
考查动词时态和虚拟语气。句意：他的表情表明他接受了邀请，他建议应该充分做准备。suggest作“暗示，表明”讲时，后面接陈述语句，根据句意可知，第一空的动作发生在suggested之前，表示“过去的过去”作，用过去完成时，故排除B、C项；suggest作“建议”讲时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，主语full preparations与谓语动词make是被动关系，故用should be made，should省略。故选D。
6、The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A．accomplishedB．had accomplished
C．would accomplishD．would have accomplished
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
7、It is strange that the prominent celebrity ______ into exactly the same trap where many former stars got arrested.
A．fallB．fellC．would fallD．had fall
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：奇怪的是，这位著名的名人也落入了许多前明星被捕的陷阱。It is strange that sb. (should) do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事很奇怪”，should可省略，因此空格处用动词原形fall，故选A。
8、But for the fact that he the truth , he for a week's imprisonment.
A．didn’t know; would be.B．hadn't known; might have punished.
C．didn’t know; would have been punished.D．hadn't know； could be punished
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是因为他不知道真相，他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是过去的事实，应用陈述语气didn’t know；that he didn’t know the truth为fact的同位语。根据but for……可知，整句是对过去的虚拟，第二空应用would/could/might/should+ have done的形式。根据句意，他应该受到惩罚，应用被动语态，故选C。
9、If I had found a good job, I ______ more money.
A．saveB．should saveC．savedD．would have saved
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我找到一份好工作，我会存更多的钱。本句是由If引导的非真实条件句，用了虚拟语气，从句谓语had found用过去完成时，说明整个句子与过去事实相反，主句谓语用would have done形式，save (存钱)。故选D项。
10、It is________ that he should have failed to win the race.
A．certainB．wonderC．curiousD．mess
答案：C
解析：
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他竟然没有赢得比赛，这是很不寻常的。A. certain确信的；有把握的；B. wonder神奇的；C. curious好奇的；D. mess凌乱。结合句意可知，it为形式主语，真正主语为之后从句，且从句结构为：that+主语+should+V原形，且句中含有“竟然”之意，应是考查虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用，即：It is strange/curious that... (should)do…。结合句意可知，对于他没有赢得比赛感到不寻常。故选C项。
小提示：
虚拟语气用于主语从句
It is amazing (strange, curious, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：
It's strange that he should be so rude. 他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。
I'm surprised that he should have failed. 他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。
比如本题，通过句意理解可知，表达了对他没有赢得比赛的惊异，含有“竟然”之意。因此结合虚拟语气用于主语从句句式可知，应选curious：It is curious that he should have failed to win the race.(他竟然没有赢得比赛，这是很奇怪的)
11、If you had brought your swimming suit with you, we ___________ swimming in the lake now.
A．could goB．could have gone
C．can goD．have gone
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气的错综条件句。句意：如果你带了游泳衣，我们现在就可以去湖里游泳了。这是一个虚拟语气的错综条件句，从句表示与过去的事实相反，主句表示与现在的事实相反，与现在事实相反的假设，其主句句子结构为：主语 + would (should, could, might )+动词原形+其他，故选A。
小提示：
虚拟语气的错综条件句，从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
　　1)．从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
　　If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
　　2)．从句表示将来，主句表示过去。
　　If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。
　　3)．从句表示过去，主句表示将来。
　　If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week。
　　4)．从句表示将来，主句表示现在。
　　If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now.
12、I wish I ________ her the news and then she wouldn’t be worried now.
A．don’t tellB．didn’t tell
C．haven’t toldD．hadn’t told
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：但愿我没有告诉她这个坏消息，那么她现在就不会担忧了。wish引导的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的愿望用过去时，be 动词用were；与过去事实相反的愿望用过去完成时；与将来事实相反的愿望用could/would+do。根据本题题意，"告诉她这个消息"是过去的事实，与过去事实相反的愿望用过去完成时，所以答案是D。
13、I requested that he ________ an hour earlier.
A．cameB．comes
C．will comeD．should come
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我要求他提前一小时来。动词request后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，谓语部分为：should+动词原形，should可以省略，故选D。
14、----Your head teacher is really a thoughtful man.
----Exactly. If he______,he ______ me in today’s class before all my classmates.
A．isn’t; would punishB．wasn’t; would punish
C．hadn’t; would have punishedD．weren’t; would have punished
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——你的班主任真是个有思想的人。——完全正确。如果他不是，他就会在今天的课上当着所有同学面前惩罚我。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，故选D。
小提示：
If引导的虚拟语气：
1).表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2).表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
3).表示与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
15、His pale face suggested that he__________ill and his teacher suggested that he__________to the hospital at once.
A．should be; sendB．was; should sendC．was; be sentD．were; be sent
答案：C
解析：
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：他苍白的脸色表明他生病了，他的老师建议他立刻送往医院。第一个 suggest表示“暗示，表明”，后面从句叙述的是客观事实，且主句为一般过去时，所以一般过去时，表示当时所处的状态；第二个 suggest表示“建议”后面宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，should可以省略。主语he与send之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。
16、－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving.
－ I wish they ______ always late.
A．aren’tB．weren’tC．wouldn’t beD．hadn’t been
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——孩子们在哪里？校车就要离开了。——我希望他们没有迟到。Wish后的宾语从句，使用虚拟语气，根据前一句可知，“孩子们在哪里”是叙述现在的事情，因此推断“孩子们不要迟到”是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时。故选B。
17、We were delayed at the airport. _________ we would have been here by lunch time.
A．HoweverB．Instead
C．ProbablyD．Otherwise
答案：D
解析：
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们在机场耽搁了，否则的话，我们在午饭之前就能到那里。A. However然而；B. Instead相反；C. Probably可能；D. Otherwise否则。分析语境可知，在机场耽搁是真实的事情，但是午饭之前达到是假设的事情，故后一句为含蓄虚拟语气，如果不耽搁的话，就会在午饭之前达到，故选D。
小提示：
含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况：
　　1).条件暗含在短语中
　　He would not get such a result without your help.没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中)
　　But for you, I could not be recovered so soon.要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)
　　2).条件可根据上下文推理出
　　It would do you no good.这可能会对你没好处。(条件可能是if you should give up the job如果你放弃这项工作的话)
　　They could have won.　他们本来是会赢的。(条件可能是if they had been patient如果他们有耐心的话)
　　　3).条件用其他形式来表示
　　She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting.她病了，否则的话就会出席会议了。(条件通过连词otherwise， or表示出来If she had not been ill...)
　　I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him.我让他自己去那里，但也许我应该和他一道去。(连词but暗示条件)
比如本题，分析语境可知，在机场耽搁是真实的事情，但是午饭之前达到是假设的事情，故后一句为含蓄虚拟语气，如果不耽搁的话，就会在午饭之前达到，故选D。
18、I missed the chance to meet the movie star in the flesh. How I wish I ________ ill yesterday！
A．didn’t fallB．weren’t fallingC．hadn’t fallenD．haven’t fallen
答案：C
解析：
本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤：1).确定虚拟语气：wish后面接宾语从句的时候用虚拟语气；2).确定时态：根据空后yesterday可知，此处描述的是对过去动作的虚拟，和过去相反的动作用过去完成时。句意：我错过了与这位电影明星见面的机会。我多么希望昨天没有生病啊！故选C。
19、The young man insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ free.
A．did; setB．had done; must be set
C．should do; should be setD．had done; be set
答案：D
解析：
考查时态语态和虚拟语气。句意:这个年轻人坚持说他没有做错，并坚决要求被释放。insist 所接的宾语从句，表示“坚持某种观点或做法”，要使用(should) do 的虚拟语气，但如果表示“坚持认为某件事情的客观存在”，不需要使用虚拟。所以，本题第一空表示“坚持认为没有做错”不用虚拟，做错这件事情先于坚持发生，所以是过去的过去需要用过去完成时。第二空则表示“坚持要求被释放”需要用虚拟语气，即(should) do 的形式。他与释放的关系为被动关系，即(should) be set free。故选D。
20、We______for the spring outing last week, if it had not been for the thick fog.
A．would have goneB．must have gone
C．need have goneD．can have gone
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是大雾，我们上星期就去春游了。本句是由if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时（had done），主句用would/could/might have done（本来会做），应用would have gone。故选A项。
21、She required at the meeting that measures ________ to protect the environment which we rely on to live.
A．should takeB．must takeC．could be takenD．be taken
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟。句意：她在会议上要求采取措施保护我们赖以生存的环境。根据句意可知，动词require“要求”，从句用虚拟即should+动词原形，should可以省略。又measures和动词take之间为被动关系，即should be taken，should可以省略，故选D项。
22、The project ______ possible had the relations of the two countries not reached their current level.
A．weren’tB．weren’t to beC．shouldn’t beD．wouldn’t have been
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：这个项目不会那么成功，假如两国之间的关系不像现在这么好的话。分析句子可知，此处考查if的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。if被省略，从句进行了半倒装。根据句意“如果在过去两国的关系不像现在这么好的话，这个项目过去就不会那么成功”。对过去的虚拟主句用would have done，从句用过去完成时。故选D项。
23、Many things we benefit from now wouldn't be around _______ Albert Einstein.
A．aside fromB．thanks toC．but forD．regardless of
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有爱因斯坦，现在我们从中获益的很多东西都不会存在。A. aside from除……之外；B. thanks to由于；C. but for如果没有；D. regardless of不管，不顾。分析句子可知，本句与现在事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气，用“如果没有”符合语境和语法，故选C项。
24、—How I wish I had worked harder when I was in that company.
—If you had, you _________ a department manager now.
A．areB．would be
C．would have beenD．were
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——我多么希望我在公司的时候工作更勤奋一些。——如果你当时更勤奋一些，你现在就是部门经理了。答句中if从句是省略回答，完整的从句是if you had worked harder，从句为过去完成时，说明是与过去事实相反的假设，但是题干中的now说明主句是与现在事实相反；与现在事实相反时虚拟条件句的主句中用"would/should/could/might+do"，由此判断答案是B。
25、I highly recommended that he ________ another chance to try.
A．givesB．gaveC．giveD．be given
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我强烈建议给他再试一次的机会。 recommend后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，且谓语动词give与主语和是被动关系，故选D。
26、My adviser recommended that I ______for advanced literature because I like English.
A．sign upB．signed upC．was signed upD．am signing up
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我的指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学，因为我喜欢英语。主句中谓语动词“recommend（建议）”后面跟宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“（should）+动词原形”；再根据从句主语“I”与“sign up for (报名参加)”应该是主动关系，所以该空应该填（should） sign up，should可以省略。故选A。
小提示：
27、Her pale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.
A．be; should haveB．was; haveC．should be; hadD．was; had
答案：B
解析：
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：她苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。第一个 suggest是“表明，显示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，根据主句时态可知用一般过去时。第二个 suggest是“建议”的意思，后接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：( should)+原形动词，should可略。故选B。
28、If God __________everything in the world, the strange creatures in fossils __________so many years before.
A．had created; shouldn’t existB．had created; couldn’t have existed
C．should create; wouldn’t existD．created; wouldn’t have existed
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果上帝创造了世界上的一切，那么化石上的奇怪生物在这么多年前就不可能存在了。结合句意可知，本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构：if+主语+had done…, 主语+could/would/should/might (not) have done…。故选B项。
29、I wish I __________ at my sister’s wedding, but I was on a business trip in New York last weekend.
A．will beB．would be
C．wereD．had been
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望我参加了我姐姐的婚礼，但我上周末去纽约出差了。用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时，故选D。
小提示：
动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1)．用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
　　其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be用were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：I wish they were at home this time.
　　2)．用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
　　其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。例：I wish I hadn't hurt him so much.
　　3)．用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
　　其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。
30、________for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A．If it is notB．Were it notC．Had it not beenD．If it has not been
答案：C
解析：
考查if引导的非真实条件句和部分倒装。句意：如果不是因为有这张免费票，我就不会去看电影了。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，且if省略时，则从句用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语的前面。故选C。
31、The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on.
A．shallB．should
C．canD．may
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：政府的要求是，从2019年1月1日起，市民不得燃放烟花爆竹。当requirement等名词后接表语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语气，故选B。
32、If I__________in the bus that fell into the river, I__________with you now.
A．was; would not talkB．were; couldn't talkC．had been; wouldn't have talkedD．had been; couldn't be talking
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我在那辆掉进河里的公共汽车里，我现在就不可能和你在这说话了。本题考查错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，所以用had +动词的过去分词；主句与现在事实相反，所以用would/should/could/might +动词原形。故选D。
33、Our English teacher insisted that the homework ________ tomorrow morning.
A．must be handed inB．hand inC．be handed inD．would be handed in
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我们的英语老师坚持要求作业要明天早上提交。insist表示“坚持要求”时，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，动词用（should）+动词原形，should可以省略。句中homework和hand in是被动关系，故选C。
小提示：
1）如果insist翻译为“坚持说/坚持认为”，即that从句表示已经发生的动作时，则宾语从句使用陈述语气，即从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，注意和主句时态保持呼应。
如：She insisted that she was right.
She insisted (that) she had been to Beijing the year before.
2）如果insist翻译为“坚持要求/坚持主张”，即that从句的动作当时尚未发生的话，则宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should + 动词原形”构成，should可以省略。
如：He insisted that she (should) say sorry to him first.
34、________ to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I ________ not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
A．If it were left … wouldB．Should it leave … must
C．Would it be left … shouldD．Was it left … would
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气和情态动词。句意：如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有报纸的政府，还是要一个没有政府的报纸，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。根据句意，考查虚拟语气，依据题意，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用would/could/might/should+动词原形，故A项正确，B项表示与将来时事实相反的虚拟语气，错误；C项表达错误；虚拟语气的倒装用于与将来事实相反和与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故D项错误。综上，故选A项。
35、Had it not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequences more serious.
A．might beB．must have beenC．must beD．might have been
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是你及时帮助我进行急救，我担心后果会更严重。此处表示与过去相反的假设，条件句中用had+过去分词，主句用would/might/could have done。故D选项正确。
小提示：
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：

条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时 (was→were ) ; 
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
此处表示与过去相反的假设，条件句中用had+过去分词，主句用would/might/could have done。故D选项正确。
36、They demanded that the books ______ to the school library at once.
A．returnB．should returnC．be returnedD．would be returned