高中英语虚拟语气考点题型与解题方法.docx

高中英语虚拟语气考点题型与解题方法

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单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
1、But for the rescue team’s efforts, more lives ________ in the wreck accident.
A．would be claimedB．should have claimed
C．would have claimedD．could have been claimed
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是团队的努力，更多人的就会在这次失事事故中丧生。分析句子可知，句子为过去时态，更多人本会在失事事故中丧生，与过去事实相反，用情态动词could​+have done结构表示，又因为lives与claim之间存在逻辑是的动宾关系，用被动语态，所以填could have been claimed。故选D项。
2、----Your head teacher is really a thoughtful man.
----Exactly. If he______,he ______ me in today’s class before all my classmates.
A．isn’t; would punishB．wasn’t; would punish
C．hadn’t; would have punishedD．weren’t; would have punished
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——你的班主任真是个有思想的人。——完全正确。如果他不是，他就会在今天的课上当着所有同学面前惩罚我。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，故选D。
小提示：
If引导的虚拟语气：
1).表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2).表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
3).表示与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
3、—This is the first time I ________ my picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A．have taken; tookB．took; should take
C．took; will takeD．will take; have taken
答案：A
解析：
考查时态。句意：--这是我第一次自己拍照。--你是该给我照张相了。take a picture照相的意思，This is the first time…这一句型，其后一句使用现在完成时；It is time that句型是常用语虚拟语气，对现在的虚拟用一般过去式，故选A。
小提示：
时态是常考考点，除了要求考生掌握各个时态的基本用法之外，考生需具有在具体语境中辨别能力。时态的判定往往根据句中所给的直接或间接的时间状语来判定，但要注意的是不能完全依赖于所给出的时间状语，还要看语境。本小题没有明显的时间提示，但This is the first time…这是个固定句型，其后用现在完成时； It is time that句型是常用语虚拟语气，根据上文语境可知，此处说的是现在，用一般过去式。
4、They demand that we ________ the task on time.
A．accomplishB．will accomplishC．accomplishedD．had accomplished
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求我们按时完成任务。动词demand作“要求”之意时，后接宾语从句，从句用should + 动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。故选A。
5、If you had enough money, what ________？
A．will you buyB．would you buy
C．would you have boughtD．will you have bought
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有足够的钱，你会买什么？此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用did(was用were)，主句用would/should/could+动词原形，故B项正确。
小提示：
非真实条件句的虚拟语气的基本用法是：表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+have done；表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用did(was用were)，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+动词原形；表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用did(was用were)，should do或were to do，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+动词原形。
6、What would you do if the war against COVID-19 again in China?
A．is broken outB．will break outC．were to break outD．would break out
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果中国再次爆发抗新冠肺炎战争，你会怎么做？此句是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句中用would+动词原形，if从句中用were to+动词原形，break out“爆发，发生”没有被动语态。故选C。
7、I missed the chance to meet the movie star in the flesh. How I wish I ________ ill yesterday！
A．didn’t fallB．weren’t fallingC．hadn’t fallenD．haven’t fallen
答案：C
解析：
本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤：1).确定虚拟语气：wish后面接宾语从句的时候用虚拟语气；2).确定时态：根据空后yesterday可知，此处描述的是对过去动作的虚拟，和过去相反的动作用过去完成时。句意：我错过了与这位电影明星见面的机会。我多么希望昨天没有生病啊！故选C。
8、Many people _________ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.
A．would dieB．would have diedC．may dieD．may have died
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有青霉素，许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。分析句意可知，此句是一个虚拟语气，根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知，此句是对过去的虚拟，故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。结合选项，故选B。
9、Without the wise leadership of the Party, it _______ hard to achieve the GDP growth target for 2020 at between 6 percent and 6).5 percent.
A．would have beenB．would be
C．wereD．had been
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有党的英明领导，很难实现2019年国内生产总值增长6％—6).5％的目标。此处是without短语相当于虚拟条件句，根据“2019”判断是对将来的虚拟，主句用would + do的形式，故B项正确。
10、They both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.
A．areB．wereC．have beenD．had been
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他们俩谈心之后，看上去都年轻了十岁。根据语境，as if引导的表语从句用虚拟语气，根据主句谓语动词look可知，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选B。
11、As two cases of Omicro coronavirus variant have been detected, the British government has urged that anyone who has arrived from South Africa recently ________.
A．being testedB．was testedC．must be testedD．be tested
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：由于已发现两例奥米克罗冠状病毒变异病例，英国政府敦促最近从南非抵达的任何人接受检测。A. being tested正在被检测；B. was tested被检测；C. must be tested必须被检测；D. be tested被检测。分析句子，has urged后接that引导的宾语从句， urge表示“敦促”，后接宾语从句时应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，本句中test与主语anyone之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即（should）be tested。故选D项。
12、Experts recommended parents _____their children to play computer games for more than an hour a day.
A．not allowB．do not allowC．mustn’t allowD．couldn’t allow
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：专家建议父母每天不允许孩子玩电脑游戏超过一个小时。recommend表示主观的肯定时，后面的需要用到虚拟语气，但是其中的should可以省略，且后面应该跟随动词原形，当需要否定的时候，直接在do前面加否定词not，故选A。
13、---Have you heard that Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday?
---Yes. Now they don’t say a single word to each other. It seems as if they ______ each other before.
A．didn’t knowB．don’t knowC．have never knownD．had never known
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——你听说昨天 Ben 和 Bill 打架了吗？——是的。现在他们一句话也不说了。他们好像之前从来不认识对方。as if “好像”，在引导从句时，即可表示对现在、过去时间的虚拟，也可表示对将来时间的虚拟，其后要用虚拟语气。当表示和过去事实相反时，从句用had +过去分词的虚拟语气。根据句中“Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday ”及下文“ before”，可知此处表示和过去事实相反，选项D与题意相符，故选D。
14、Pity that I missed the Women's Volleyball Match on Thursday. If only I ____ the ticket in advance!
A．bookedB．had bookedC．would bookD．have booked
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：错过了周四的女排比赛真是太可惜了，要是我早点订票就好了。根据句意可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故应用过去完成时。故选B
15、What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.
A．had they not come backB．have they come back
C．did they not come backD．did they come back
答案：A
解析：
考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为had come back，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if they had not come back”省略if，提前had，句子写成“had they not come back”。故选A项。
小提示：
if引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。
16、If he ________ his teacher’s suggestion, he would have won the English Speech Contest.
A．had followedB．should follow
C．was to followD．followed
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他听从了老师的建议，他就会赢得英语演讲比赛了。根据“would have won”可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句谓语形式为had+过去分词，故A项正确。
小提示：
注意在if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示对现在的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be 用were），主句谓语形式为should/could/would+动词原形，如：If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they would be so healthy；表示对过去的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为had+过去分词，主句谓语形式为should/could/would have+过去分词，如：If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the test；表示对将来的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were）/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主句谓语形式为should/could/would+动词原形，如：If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off。
17、Her pale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.
A．be; should haveB．was; haveC．should be; hadD．was; had
答案：B
解析：
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：她苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。第一个 suggest是“表明，显示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，根据主句时态可知用一般过去时。第二个 suggest是“建议”的意思，后接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：( should)+原形动词，should可略。故选B。
18、My advice is _______ he _____ to go abroad for further education.
A．that, choosesB．that, choseC．that, chooseD．what, should choose
答案：C
解析：
考查表语从句和虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是他应该选择出国深造。chooses选择；第一个设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成份，应用只起连接作用的that；在advice后的表语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语构成是“should+动词原形”should可省略，故第二个设空处应为(should) choose。故选C。
19、He runs very fast ________ he ________ a professional athlete.
A．even though; isB．even if; wereC．as if; wereD．as like; is
答案：C
解析：
考查方式状语从句和虚拟语气。句意：他跑得很快，好像他是一个职业运动员。分析句子可知，句子描述的是他跑的“方式”，“好像”他是一个职业运动员，故句子为方式状语从句，as if引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”，符合句意，故第一个空填as if。根据句意可知，从句中的内容与现在事实相反，他并不是一个职业运动员，这时从句要用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时，故第二个空填were/was。故选C项。
20、I wish I ________ football game on TV last night, but I went to a friend's birthday party.
A．watchedB．had watchedC．would watchD．were watching
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我昨晚看了电视上的足球比赛，但是我去了一个朋友的生日聚会。分析可知，wish后的宾语从句，应用虚拟语气，由时间状语last night可知该句是对过去发生事情的虚拟，结构为：wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词。故选B项。
21、The General commanded that all the soldiers ____ the news secret.
A．keepB．keptC．keepingD．to keep
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：将军命令所有士兵把这个新闻保守秘密。command “命令”，后跟that从句，从句中用should do, should可以省略。故选A。
小提示：
在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
本小题考查command的用法，句意：将军命令所有士兵把这个新闻保守秘密。command “命令”，后跟that从句，从句中用should do, should可以省略。故选A。
22、The villagers are extremely grateful to the workers, without whose help the road to the village______.
A．can’t be builtB．mustn’t be built
C．couldn’t have been builtD．mustn’t have been built
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：村民们非常感谢工人们，没有他们的帮助，这条通往村庄的道路就不可能被建成。此处without whose引导的定语从句中用虚拟语气，相当于if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，且定语从句的主语the road和build之间是被动关系，故答案为C。
23、I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I ________ the task on schedule.
A．would accomplishB．could accomplish
C．must have accomplishedD．might have accomplished
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉我没能赶上最后期限，要是有更好的设备，我可能已经按时完成任务了。根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经……”，故D项正确。
小提示：
本题的解题关键在于根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经……”，例如：I went to Paris last month, with more money, I might have gone to a further place.上个月我去了巴黎，要是钱够的话，我可能去更远的地方了。
24、The director commanded that actions________ to solve the problem.
A．were takenB．tookC．should takeD．be taken
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：主任命令采取行动解决问题。command“命令”后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形，主语action与谓语take为被动关系。所以本句为（should）be taken。故选D项。
25、__________the AI robots __________earlier, the production efficiency would have been improved.
A．Were; inventedB．Had; been invented
C．Had; inventedD．Have; been invented
答案：B
解析：
考查省略if的虚拟语气。句意：如果人工智能机器人早点发明，生产效率就会提高。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，当if省略时，用部分倒装，将助动词had提到主语的前面。故选B。
小提示：
If引导的虚拟语气：
1).表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2).表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
3).表示与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
特别提示：如果将if省略，则将从句中的be动词were、助动词had/情态动词should/could等提到主语的前面。
26、How time flies! I feel junior high school was only yesterday!
A．even ifB．unlessC．ifD．as if
答案：D
解析：
考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：时光飞逝！我觉得初中生活就像昨天一样。A. even if即使；B. unless除非；C. if如果；D. as if好像。根据“junior high school was only yesterday!”可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，根据句意可知此处表示“好像”，as if从句后常用虚拟语气，故选D。
27、Had he taken his parent’s advice, he ______ having made such a silly mistake now.
A．would not regretB．would not have regretted
C．may not regretD．does not regret
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他接受了父母的建议，他现在就不会后悔自己犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。此处是省略if的虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时态；主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形，故选A。
小提示：
if引导的虚拟语气从句的三种形式
if句又叫条件句，表示“假如”，是状语从句的一种，是一种非常常见的从句形式，用来提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，拥有三种形式。
①       提出将来会发生的事：主句：主语＋would/should/might/could＋动词原形；从句：should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形
eg. If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
②       提出现在的条件： 主句：主语＋would/should/might/could＋动词原形；从句：动词过去式
eg. If he studied at this school, he would know the enviornment around the school very much.如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会很了解周边环境。
③       提出过去的未发生的条件：主句：主语＋would/should/might/could have＋动词过去分词；从句：had＋动词过去分词
eg. If I had read the book, I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。
特别提示：如果把if省略，则将助动词had/should和were提到主语的前面去。比如上句：Had I read the book, I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。
28、The WHO urged that all the countries ______ measures to prevent COVID-19 spreading.
A．takeB．must takeC．are to takeD．took
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：世界卫生组织敦促所有国家采取措施防止COVID-19 的蔓延。此处urge“催促，力劝”后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气should +动词原形，其中should可以省略，故选A。
小提示：
动词urge后面的宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should + 动词原形”构成，且should可以省略。
如：He urged that she (should) say sorry to him first.
29、--- Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I late for the flight yesterday.
--- Don’t mention it.
A．will have beenB．would have been
C．must beD．could be
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：“谢谢你提醒我时间，否则昨天我要迟到了。”“不客气。”would+have+done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。故B选项正确。
30、— If I ______ my dog run out in the street, it wouldn't have been injured by the car.
— Don't blame yourself any more. Owning a pet is a tough job.
A．hadn't letB．didn't letC．wouldn't letD．wouldn't have let
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——如果我没有让我的狗在街上跑，它就不会被汽车撞伤了。——别再自责了。养宠物是一项艰巨的工作。根据下文it wouldn't have been injured by the car可知表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成时，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。故选A。
小提示：
if引导虚拟语气
1). 表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
If they had time, they would / could / might go with me.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。
2). 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如：
If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.
如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3). 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。
31、________ the separatist forces for Taiwan independence provoke us, force our hands or even cross the red line, we would take resolute measures.
A．CouldB．ShouldC．MightD．Would
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果“台独”分裂势力挑衅逼迫，甚至突破红线，我们都会采取坚决措施。if引导的虚拟条件句，与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用should +动词原形，也可将should移到句首并省略if，构成虚拟条件句的倒装结构。故选B。
32、They demanded that the right to vote ___________ to every adult.
A．was givenB．was givingC．be givingD．be given
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求给予每个成年人投票权。demand表示“要求”时，所接宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分是（should）+动词原形，又由动词give和从句主语the right to vote之间是动宾关系，所以使用被动语态be given。故选D项。
33、The manager demanded that the workers the task ahead of schedule.
A．accomplishingB．accomplishedC．accomplishD．to accomplish
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求工人们提前完成任务。动词demand意为：要求，其宾语从句的谓语动词由“(should)+动词原形”构成，其中should可省略，故选C项。
34、If they had informed us, we ___________ here now.
A．would not comeB．would have comeC．will not comeD．may not come
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们通知我们，我们现在就不会来了。本句属于错综条件句，从句与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以主句谓语用would /could/should/might(not)+动词原形，故A项正确。
小提示：
错综条件句是虚拟语气的一大难点，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定，例如本题，句意：如果他们通知我们，我们现在就不会来了。从句与过去事实相反，而“here”表明主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以主句谓语用would /could/should/might(not)+动词原形。
35、I’m sorry, but I would rather the specialist as well as the assistants _____and ______the project again.
A．seated , discuss aboutB．were seated ,discussed
C．are seated, discussD．seats ,are discussing
答案：A
解析：
考查固定搭配和虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉，但是我宁愿专家和助手都坐下来再次讨论关于这个项目。第一空是虚拟语气，表示对现在愿望相反的假设，应使用一般过去时，即would rather+ sb. +一般过去时，所以用seated；第二空是would r