初中英语选词填空解题技巧及练习题.doc

中考英语选词填空解题技巧
　　“选词填空”要求学生利用所给的12个词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握一定的解题技巧。
　　1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
　　2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。
★对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches, friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous；
★对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…)；
★对于形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness;
★对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；
★对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ；
★对于冠词，只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl /an old man;
★对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。

为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：
空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 's 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
4. 完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。
检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
总结：做题技巧
1．统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词的选择范围。
2．根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。
3．利用语境，确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式；名词的数和所有格；代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。
4．复读全文，验正答案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查词，而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文，很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。

例题：（2017年中招选词填空题节选）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。请将答写在短文后相应题号的横线上。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。
(2017•青海西宁)阅读短文，从下面方框中选择正确的单词，并用其适当形式完成下面的短文。
young beautiful agree tree quick cover something
There was a man who had four sons. He wanted his sons to learn not to judge(判断)things too 71 . So he sent them to go and look at a pear tree that was far away in turn. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the 72 son in fall.
When they had all gone and come back, he asked them to describe what they had seen. The first son said there was 73 on the tree. The second son said it was 74 with green buds(花蕾)and full of promise. The third son said it was filled with flowers that smelled so sweet and looked so beautiful. The last son 75 with all of them, he said it was full of fruit, life and harvest(收获). The man then explained to his sons that they were all right, because they each had seen but one season in the 76 life. He told them that they cannot judge a tree, or a person, by only one season, they can only be judged at the end, when all the seasons are up. If you give up when it’s winter, you will miss the promise of your spring, the 77 of your summer, the harvest of your fall. Don’t let the pain of one season destroy the joy of all the rest.
【主旨大意】本文主要讲述一位父亲轮番派遣四个儿子去观察一棵梨树的故事，告诉人们不能以一季判断一棵树，更不能以一时判断一个人，同时也不能因为一时的失意而对整个人生都灰心丧气。
71. quickly 根据句意他想要他的儿子们学会不要太（ )判断事物，结合下文中父亲派遣他们分别去看梨树的目的可知，父亲是想要他的儿子们学会不要太快地判断事物，故选词quick（快的)。根据句子结构分析可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词judge， 故填quickly，表示他想要他的儿子们学会不要太快地判断事物。
72.youngest 根据句意第一个儿子在冬天去，第二个儿子春天去，第三个儿子夏天去，（ )儿子秋天去可知，此空需要一个表示长幼或先后顺序的词，故选词young（年轻的)。根据句子结构分析可知，这里是一个the+形容词最高级的结构，是一个四人之间的比较，故填youngest，表示最年轻的儿子秋天去。
73.nothing 根据句意第一个儿子说树上有（ )可知，只有something（某物)符合句意，故选词something。根据前文第一个儿子是冬天去的可知，此处需要一个表示否定意义的词，故填nothing，表示树上什么都没有。
74.covered 根据句意第二个儿子说树（ )绿色的花蕾并充满生机可知，cover（覆盖)符合句意，故选词cover。根据句子结构分析可知，这里是一个被动语态的结构，故填covered，表示树上长满了绿色的花蕾并充满生机。
75.disagreed 根据句意最后一个儿子( )他们所有人，结合上下文可知，他是在表达观点，故选词agree（同意)。根据上下文中最后一个儿子对树的描述与其他三个人的不同可知，此空需要一个表示否定意义的词且文中语境为一般过去时态，故填disagreed, 表示最后一个儿子不同意他们所有人。
76.tree’s 根据句意这个男人给他的儿子们解释到，他们都是对的，因为他们看到的只是在（ )生命中的一个季节可知，tree（树)符合句意，故选词tree。根据句子结构分析，tree和life之间是所属关系，故填tree’s。表示因为他们看到的只是树的生命中的一个季节。
77.beauty 根据句意你如果在冬天的时候就放弃，那么你就会错过春天的希望，夏天的（ )和秋天的收获可知，beautiful（美丽的)符合句意，故选词beautiful。根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个名词，故填beauty。表示如果你在冬天的时候就放弃，那么你就会错过春天的希望，夏天的美丽和秋天的收获。

2. 缺词通读全文， 经行预判 3. 瞻前顾后，仔细填空，注意单词的变形。

针对性练习：
（一）
forget， bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently，I ，every， stop，each

Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1____________him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2____________there.
One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ____________to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 ____________the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5____________up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6____________by the man. He said angrily, “That’s 7____________!” Mr. Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.
When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 ____________of them, he said, “You’ve mended them very well.”
In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9____________man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “You’ve had a 10 ____________day,” he said.

（二）
before, discover , fast, in, come, watch , so, fast it, ago , shine, not can

Light travels at a speed (速度) which is about a million times 1 ____________than that of sound. 2___________one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometers, but sound travels only 340 meters. You can get some idea of this difference by 3 ______________the start of a running match. If you stand far away from the starter(发令员), you can see smoke 4 ____________from his gun 5____________ the sound reaches your ears.
The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6 ____________far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7____________at a speed of nearly two million kilometers every minute. The light from some of tonight’s started on 8 ____________journey towards you even before you were born.
So, if we want to be honest, we 9 ____________say, “The stars are shining brightly tonight.” We have to say, “The stars look nice. They were 10___________four years ago but their light has just reached our earth. ”

（三）
all， any，behave，difference，drink，eat，enjoy，fine，other，real，surprise，these
Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students 1 ____________was that all the cups on the table were 2___________. Each of them took a cup and started 3 ______________their own tea, looking at the 4 ____________ cups.
The teacher said; "Do you notice your 5____________? You are all looking at each other's tea cups and
6 ____________of you even envy (羡慕) the 7____________cups of others."Then he went on: "I put the different cups here on purpose! Life is like 8 ___________tea. You all have the same thing in your cups— tea. And yet you can't 9 ____________ enjoy it in your envy of another's cup. You forget 10___________your own life when you envy someone else's life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from?"

（四）
much , arm , wait, see, when , spend, she, worry , have , grow
Only Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything all his life. 1 ____________you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her 2___________. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night and forgets about 3 ______________. When you are 4 ____________up day by day, she feels very happy. When you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on 5____________clothes. She always stands in the wind 6 ____________for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels 7____________about you at home. She usually knows about your study and 8 ___________much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be 9 ____________on her face.
Mother is always ready to give everything she 10___________to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will remember Mother Love for ever.
典型例题1.inventor 2. asking 3.how 4.so 5. more 6.to be 7.interested 8.playing 9. safety 10.thankful
（一）1.brought 2.mended 3. forgot 4. beside 5.picked 6. stopped 7. mine 8.each 9. same 10. lucky
（二）1.faster 2.In 3. watching 4. come 5. before 6. so 7. ago 8. its 9. cannot 10. shining

（三）l．surprised 2．different 3．drinking 4．others’ 5．behavior
6．some 7．finer 8．this 9．really l0．to enjoy
（四）71-80 When , arms , hersef , growing , more , waiting , worried , spends , seen , has

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