高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结.docx

高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结(超全)

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单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
1、—What do you think of the newly-released film Capernaum?
—It touched my heart deeply. But for your recommendation I _________ it.
A．had missedB．would missC．would have missedD．must have missed
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：---你觉得新上映的电影《迦百农》怎么样?---它深深地触动了我的心。要不是你的推荐，我就错过了。虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句 。但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知，本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为：If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为：I would have missed it。故C选项正确。
小提示：
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：

条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时 (was→were ) ; 
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假。但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知，本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为：If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为：I would have missed it。故C选项正确。
2、I recommend that you ______ on your study instead of ______ computer games all day.
A．focus; playB．focusing; playing
C．focusing; playD．focus; playing
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：我建议你集中精力学习而不是整天玩电脑游戏。第一空recommend表示建议，所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略；第二空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选D。
3、---It's a complete pity that you missed the wonderful lecture.
---Terribly sorry! _____my former colleague not come to me unexpectedly.
A．ShouldB．WouldC．HadD．Did
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟倒装。句意：—你错过了那场精彩的演讲，真是太遗憾了！—非常抱歉，要是我以前的同事没有突然来找我就好了。根据句意可知，此处是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，谓语动词是had，if可以省略，但是要用倒装语序。故选C。
4、I think it________that she should be knowledgeable about Music for her present job.
A．urgentB．normalC．essentialD．gifted
答案：C
解析：
考查形容词辨析。句意：我认为她对音乐的了解对她目前的工作是必要的。A. urgent紧急的；B. normal普通的；C. essential基本的、必要的；D. gifted有天赋的。根据句意以及后接宾语从句为虚拟语气的只有essential，故选C。
5、It’s requested that a lecture ______ on this subject.
A．is givenB．should be givenC．will be givenD．has been given
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：有人要求就这个问题举行一次讲座。request表示“要求”时引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。故选B。
小提示：
后接虚拟语气的常见词
1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。
例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.
She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.
2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：
It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
Their decision was that the school remain closed.
3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。
6、—How marvelous our life is with so many digital devices！
—Yes. I bet our life________the same without them.
A．isn'tB．can't beC．won't beD．wouldn't be
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——有这么多数码设备，我们的生活真是太奇妙了。——是的。我打赌如果没有它们，我们的生活就不一样了。由without判断此处是含蓄虚拟语气，且与现在的事实相反，故用would + do/be，故选D项。
小提示：
本句考查含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄虚拟语气里常会出现without, but for, otherwise, were if not for等词，例如：
Without your help, I couldn't have passed the driving test yesterday.没有你的帮助，我就不可能通过昨天的驾考。
Thanks for your advice, otherwise I wouldn't have lost weight successfully.多亏了你的建议，否则我就不会成功减肥了。
7、—Oh, dear. I’m really very busy now.
—Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school?
A．shouldn’t speakB．didn’t speakC．don’t speakD．won’t speak
答案：B
解析：
考查固定句式。句意：——哦,亲爱的。我现在真的很忙。——你宁愿我不告诉你我在学校的经历吗?固定句式：would rather that 主语+一般过去时态+---（指现在或将来的情况）；would rather that 主语+过去完成时态（指过去的事情）。故答案为B。
8、Left to itself, the place ______________ into a prosperous civilized community．
A．was to growB．were to grow
C．should have grownD．would have grown
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果任其发展，这个地方会发展成一个繁荣的文明社区。此句为隐含条件虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，所以主句用would/could/should/might + have done。would表示“将会”，should表示“应当”。故选D。
9、When it comes to death, Vincent Van Gogh ________ by others in that his wound didn’t indicate suicide, while Albert Einstein ________ longer but he refused surgery,
A．may have been killed; should have lived
B．should have been killed; should have lived
C．may have been killed; must have lived
D．should have been killed: must have lived
答案：A
解析：
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：谈到死亡，文森特·梵高可能被其他人杀害，因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀，而阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦本应该活得更长，但他拒绝接受手术。A. may have been killed; should have lived可能被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；B. should have been killed; should have lived本应该被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；C. may have been killed; must have lived可能被其他人杀害，一定活了很长；D. should have been killed: must have lived本应该被其他人杀害，一定活了很长。结合句意，may have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测，should have done 本应该做某事，实际未做，符合句意。故选A项。
10、If he____ to the teacher attentively, he____the answer to the problem now.
A．had listened, would have knownB．listened, would know
C．listened, would have knownD．had listened, would know
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他专心听了老师的话，他现在就会知道问题的答案了。结合句意，此处是if引导的虚拟语气，从句与过去的事实相反，主句与现在的事实相反，所以这里是混合虚拟语气。故选D。
11、This is her only request that the room________ after being used.
A．be cleanedB．is cleanedC．would be cleanedD．will be cleaned
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：她唯一的要求就是房间用完后要打扫。request表示“要求”所接的that引导的同位语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略，从句中主语room与clean构成被动关系，应用被动语态。故选A。
12、—How impressive China’s 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!
—Definitely. If only I ________ on the scene!
A．wasB．wereC．have beenD．had been
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——国庆70周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻。——当然，要是我在现场就好了。此处考查对过去的虚拟，用if only sb. had done sth.，故选D项。
小提示：
本题考查if only（要是……就好了）引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气，虚拟语气一般有三种情况：与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用过去将来时。例如
If only I had tried my best years ago。要是我几年前尽全力就好了。
If only I were in china at present.要是我现在在中国就好了。
13、Some experts demanded that children ________ enough time for sleep and play.
A．giveB．should giveC．be givenD．given
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：一些专家要求给孩子们足够的时间睡觉和玩耍。动词demand后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略，孩子们和给时间是被动关系，用be+过去分词。故选C。
14、I would not be seeing the film Green Book now _____ me up in time.
A．were Kathy not to pickB．had Kathy not picked
C．if Kathy hasn’t pickedD．if Kathy did not pick
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要是Kathy没有及时接我，我现在就不会在看《绿皮书》了。此处是描述的与过去事实相反的假设，从句应谓语动词使用过去完成时；当虚拟条件句中有had（助动词）/should/were时，可以省略if，将had（助动词）/should/were提前，构成倒装结构。故B选项正确。
小提示：
虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况，可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。
虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。我们可以记住这样一个原则，即把时态向过去推一格。
一、对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式，表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。（事实上我不是你）
If I had a map now, we could easily get out of the forest.如果现在有地图，我们能很容易地走出森林。（事实上是现在没有地图）
注意：在条件从句中，如果谓语动词是be的形式，不管主语是单数还是复数，书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数，也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were。
二、对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式，主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday, I could not have caught the bus.如果昨天没有你的帮助，我不会赶上公交车。（事实是你昨天已经帮助了我，所以我赶上了车)
三、对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do 的可能性最小。
If things were to be twice，all would be wise.假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成为聪明人。（事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)
15、He is always seeking excuses for the debt, but I'd rather he __________ it off as early as possible.
A．would payB．would have paidC．had paidD．paid
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他总是在为债务找借口，但我宁愿他尽早还清。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示过去的愿望用过去完成时，表示现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时。本句表示对将来的愿望，故用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选D项。
16、His pale face suggests that he________ not feel very well, so l recommend that he________ the doctor immediately.
A．does；seesB．does；see
C．do；seeD．do；will see
答案：B
解析：
考查时态、主谓一致和虚拟语气。句意：他苍白的脸色表明他感觉不太舒服，所以我建议他立即去看医生。由“His pale face”可知，前半句表示“他苍白的脸色表明他感觉不太舒服”，suggest意为“表明”，其后的that从句中用陈述语气，由suggests可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，因此空格处是第三人称单数does；recommend意为“建议”，其后的that从句中用should do的虚拟语气，should可省略，因此第二空是see，故选B。
17、Sam insisted that he______the law and______.
A．didn't break;mustn't be punishedB．doesn't break;shouldn't punish
C．hadn't broken;be not punishedD．hadn't broken;not be punished
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：Sam坚持说他没有违法，也不应该受到惩罚。此处考查insist用法，第一：当insist译为“坚持认为”，从句使用陈述语气，该句中insist使用一般过去时，故从句时态应为过去完成时（had+ done）；第二：当insist译为“坚持要求”，从句使用虚拟语气，结构为：主语+should+动词原形，should可以省略。该句第二个空中punish与Sam之间构成被动关系，故填should not be punished，should可省略。故选D项。
18、It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem.
A．makeB．madeC．to makeD．will make
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：是我们决定如何处理这个问题的时候了。固定句式It is time that后面的从句谓语用过去式或should+动词原形。故选B。
19、She insisted that she ________ to the disaster-hit area and that her request ________ reasonable.
A．be sent, wasB．should send, was
C．should be sent, beD．send, should be
答案：A
解析：
考查时态及虚拟语气。句意：她坚持要把她送到灾区，她的要求是合理的。分析句子可知，insist坚持，其后跟句子应用虚拟语气(should)+do，且send与she之间是被动关系，故用be sent;此句用的是一般过去时，且第二空的主语是her request，故应用was。结合选项，故选A。
20、__________the AI robots __________earlier, the production efficiency would have been improved.
A．Were; inventedB．Had; been invented
C．Had; inventedD．Have; been invented
答案：B
解析：
考查省略if的虚拟语气。句意：如果人工智能机器人早点发明，生产效率就会提高。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，当if省略时，用部分倒装，将助动词had提到主语的前面。故选B。
小提示：
If引导的虚拟语气：
1).表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2).表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
3).表示与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
特别提示：如果将if省略，则将从句中的be动词were、助动词had/情态动词should/could等提到主语的前面。
21、I’ll give ____ to your suggestion that we ____ a party in honor of the experienced professor.
A．much thought; holdB．many thoughts; should hold
C．much thought; will holdD．some thought; can hold
答案：A
解析：
考查不可数名词和suggestion后的同位语从句。句意：我将仔细考虑你的建议，我们为这位经验丰富的教授举行一个聚会。thought作为“想法”的时候是可数名词，作为抽象意义的“思想”时是不可数名词；suggestion后面的同位语从句应该用（should）+动词原形。结合句意可知答案为A。
22、I’m good at maths, so my teacher recommend that I ______ advanced maths in my first year.
A．chooseB．choosedC．chosenD．have chose
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我擅长数学，所以我的老师建议我在第一年选择高年级的数学课程。分析句子可知，句中使用recommend即表“建议”后的宾语从句，应使用虚拟语气，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中should一般省略。故选A项。
23、The WHO urged that all the countries ______ measures to prevent COVID-19 spreading.
A．takeB．must takeC．are to takeD．took
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：世界卫生组织敦促所有国家采取措施防止COVID-19 的蔓延。此处urge“催促，力劝”后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气should +动词原形，其中should可以省略，故选A。
小提示：
动词urge后面的宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should + 动词原形”构成，且should可以省略。
如：He urged that she (should) say sorry to him first.
24、All the facts in California’s record-breaking heatwave suggest that the wildfires to the brutally hot temperature, so it’s suggested that people with health problem carefully.
A．were linked; are taken care ofB．be linked; be taken care of
C．should be linked; are attended toD．were linked; be attended to
答案：D
解析：
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：加州破纪录的热浪中，所有的事实都表明，野火与残酷的高温有关，所以建议有健康问题的人慎重对待。第一空中suggest表示“表明”，后跟宾语从句不用虚拟语气，且从句中描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数，故排除B选项和C选项；第二空suggest表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语应用(should)+动词原形，故排除A选项。故选D。
25、I didn’t see your sister at the party. If she ____, she would have met my brother.
A．has comeB．did comeC．wouldD．had come
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我在聚会上没看见你妹妹。如果她来了，她就会见到我弟弟了。题干是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。故选D。
小提示：
if引导虚拟语气
1). 表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
If they had time, they would / could / might go with me.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。
2). 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如：
If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.
如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3). 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。
26、Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped.
A．toldB．had toldC．would have toldD．have told
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：为什么你上周不把你的麻烦告诉我？如果那时你告诉我，我就能帮上忙。根据上文Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week?可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故if引导的从句中要用had done的形式。故选B。
27、But for the belief that things better soon, many people couldn’t have survived the rough time.
A．had gotB．gotC．would getD．will get
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是相信情况很快就会好转，许多人就不可能挺过这段艰难的时期。But for是固定搭配，意为“要不是”，引导的短语或句子相当于一个虚拟条件句。根据主句部分many people couldn’t have survived the rough time.可知，此处是对过去情况的假设，but for引导的从句部分是真实情况，根据时间状语soon可知，此处用过去将来时。故选C项。
28、It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________ nowhere to stay now.
A．hadB．haveC．would haveD．would have had
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我们很幸运地订到了一间房，不然的话，我们现在就无处可去了。根据题干中的or可知其引导的是含蓄虚拟条件句，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。根据语境it is lucky we booked a room可知现在订到了房间，再由now提示，可知是对现在情况的假设，所以谓语动词用would/could/might/should do。故选C。
29、Janeˈs pale face suggested that she________ill and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination.
A．be; should haveB．was; should haveC．should be; hadD．was;has
答案：B
解析：
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：她苍白的脸色表明她病了，她父母建议她做一次体格检查。前半句是that引导的宾语从句，主句动词suggested表示“表明”，主句是一般过去时，从句应该也用一般过去时。后半句suggest表示“建议”，此处宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，所以第二空应填should have，故选B项。
30、What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.
A．had they not come backB．have they come back
C．did they not come backD．did they come back
答案：A
解析：
考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为had come back，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if they had not come back”省略if，提前had，句子写成“had they not come back”。故选A项。
小提示：
if引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。
31、I recommend that he ________ a lawyer.
A．seesB．seeC．to seeD．seeing
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议他去找个律师。recommend表示“建议”时，所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略。故选B。
32、— Do you mean the neighbors are coming over to discuss the problem?
—Yes, the whole thing has got intolerable, or they ________ have to be calling a meeting.
A．mustn'tB．can'tC．wouldn'tD．shouldn't
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——你是说邻居要过来讨论这个问题吗？——是的，整件事让人无法忍受，否则他们就不必召开会议了。分析句子可知，or意为“否则”，引导含蓄虚拟语气用would，这里是否定，用wouldn’t，故选C。
33、My advice is _______ he _____ to go abroad for further education.
A．that, choosesB．that, choseC．that, chooseD．what, should choose
答案：C
解析：
考查表语从句和虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是他应该选择出国深造。chooses选择；第一个设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成份，应用只起连接作用的that；在advice后的表语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语构成是“should+动词原形”should可省略，故第二个设空处应为(should) choose。故选