论情景语境因素对文学翻译的影响大学本科毕业论文.doc
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1、成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文Influence of Situational Context on Literary TranslationAbstract: Context refers to the environment in which language is used, which plays an important role in meaning determination in communicating. Context study has gradually aroused the concern of linguists, philosophers, ev
2、en psychologists since the term “context” was put forward by the great Polish-born anthropologist B.Malinowski in 1923. On the basis of the study of context at home and abroad, this thesis induces the information relevant to the context by using the systematic method. In the first place, the paper s
3、ummarizes some famous studies of context home and abroad and different opinions on the classification of context. Then, it focuses on the function and influence of the situational context on literary translation by using abundant examples. This paper is just a superficial exploration on the influenc
4、e of context on literary translation. It tries to enhance translators attention to contextual factors, especially obscure contextual factors in translating, thus reducing mistranslation or avoiding “translationese” in translation practice.Key words: context;situational context;translation 论情景语境因素对文学
5、翻译的影响摘 要: 顾名思义,语境即语言使用的环境,对意义的研究起着极其重要的作用。自波兰籍人类学家马林诺夫斯基提出语境概念以来,语境研究逐渐引起语言学家、哲学家、甚至心理学家的关注。本文在国内外语言学家以及学者对语境研究的基础上,用系统的方法对语境进行了归纳和梳理,首先总结了国内外关于语境研究的著名理论以及关于语境分类的不同观点,其次,通过大量的例证重点分析了情景语境的功能以及其对文学翻译的影响。本文仅仅在语境对翻译的制约作用方面进行分析。在实践中,它提醒译者在文学翻译的过程中要加强语境意识,特别注意情景语境的作用,发挥语境功能,从而减少误译和错译。 关键词:语境;情景语境;翻译Conten
6、ts1. Introduction12. Studies related to context22.1. The definition of context22.2. Overseas studies of context32.2.1. Bronislaw Malinowski: first putting forward the concept of context32.2.2. J.K. Firths opinion of context42.2.3. M.A. Hallidays contextual theory52.2.4. D.H. Hymess contextual theory
7、62.3. Domestic studies of context63. Classification of context74. The influence of situational context on literary translation84.1. The nature of translation84.2. The definition of situational context84.3. The influence of situational context on literary translation9 4.3.1. Influence of the concrete
8、 environment9 4.3.2. Influence of educational background and social status.125. Conclusion14References16Acknowledgments17iiiInfluence of Situational Context on Literary Translation1. IntroductionContext by definition is a kind of environment, in which language is used. The distinguished Polish anthr
9、opologist, Bronislaw Malinowski firstly put forward the term “context” in 1923. Since then, more and more linguists, philosophers and even psychologists began to pour their attention into the study of the context. They defined and classified the context in different points of view respectively, but
10、one thing is for sure, that is, the importance and impact of the contextual analysis. British linguists Firth once said that each word when used in a new context was a new word. That means a word without a certain context is a new word, but once it exists in a context, it acquires its meaning and wh
11、en a word is in a new context it will acquire its new meanings. And also there is another English old saying, “No context, and no text”. In addition, language communication and utterance are definitely influenced by the context. Without the context, it is impossible to communicate normally.Under the
12、 situation of the globalization and increasingly deeper communications among the countries in the world, the translation can not be only regarded as a transformation of languages in linguistic symbol or merely of information in communication. It should be related to how to use language in communicat
13、ion. During the process of translation, because some translators can not completely realize the importance of the contextual factors, and neglect the contextual analysis, and consequently some misinterpretations and misunderstanding are produced. Considering this, the purpose of this paper is to let
14、 more and more translators have a good knowledge of the context and its related importance and effectively apply the contextual analysis during the process of translation so as to accurately understanding the meaning of source language and completely expressing the translated version. Only in this w
15、ay can the translators choose the most appropriate version to fulfill the aim of translation, which is the reappearance of meaning and style of the original.2. Studies related to context2.1 The definition of contextContexts are alignments of reality along five axes: linguistic, situational, interact
16、ional, cultural and intertextual. Because language is at the intersection of the individual and the social, it both reflects and construes the social reality called “context”.Context is the matrix created by language as discourse and as a form of social practice. It should be viewed not as a natural
17、 given, but as a social construct, the product of linguisic choices made by two or more individuals interacting through language.Broadly the term “context” refers to all the different situations involved in language communication. It consists of any elements invoked by any participants, and conseque
18、ntly participants conceptions of each others mental contexts may be wrong or, more likely, only partially right, any physical set of circumstances could lend itself to an infinity of possible shared conceptions and relevance.Longman Dictionary in Linguistics defines it as message existing before and
19、 after the word, phrase, utterance, and text under discussion; it is helpful to the understanding of the specific meaning of the word, phrase, utterance, and text; it also indicates the broader social environment in which a linguistic item exists.Context is not simply referred to the preceding lingu
20、istic text, or the environment in which the utterance takes place, but the set of assumptions brought to bear at the intended interpretation. These may be drawn from the preceding text, or from observation of the speaker and what is going on in the immediate environment, but they may also be drawn f
21、rom cultural or scientific knowledge, common-sense assumptions, and, more generally, any item of shared or idiosyncratic information that the hearer has access to at the time.With the concept of register, the definition of context rests on two basic premises. Firstly, lexical and syntactic choices a
22、re dictated by variables such as “field of discourse” (including social processes and institutions) tenor of discourse (including relations of power and solidarity) and mode of discourse (including channel or physical distance separating text production from reception). These register membership var
23、iables are ultimately determined by pragmatic considerations to do with the purposes of utterances, real-world conditions, and so on. The second premise we adopt in the definition of context is that in order to appreciate the full communicative thrust of an utterance, We need to appreciate not only
24、the so-called illocutionary force of the utterance (e.g. to warn), but also its status as a token of a given type of sign. This semiotic dimension of context regulates the interaction of the various discoursal elements within a socio-cultural system of meanings.In sum, the notion of context is a rel
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