中考宾语从句讲解加练习题.doc

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宾语从句专项讲解
一. 宾语从句的定义及种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
1 --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said? David?
--- Yes, Mum
A. what B. that C. why D. If
2 The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.
A. which B. where C. if D. That
3 There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know _____.
A. what should I choose B. which I should choose
C. which should I choose D. what I should choose
4 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
5 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
6 He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
7. They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
1. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives     B. does he live      C. he lived      D. did he live
2 I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean      B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does      D. what Christmas means
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如：I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
例如：He asked what time it was. He asked if you had written to Peter.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
宾语从句需要注意的一些点:
1.      that 的省略：
e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it.
当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。
　　eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
2.      宾语从句的否定转移：
主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。
误：I think chickens can not swim. 正：I don’t think chickens can swim.
此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：
I think he is wrong, isn’t he? He thinks he is right, doesn’t he?

(1)．I don’t think he is right,__________?
A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I
(2). He believes she is right, __________?
A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she

if/whetherif/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：
e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English.
I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain.
Note: 只用whether的六种情况：
1.      在带to的动词不定式前He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.
2.      在介词后 I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
3.      直接与or not连用时 I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.
4.     引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
5. 引导表语从句 The question is whether he will accept it.
6. 引导同位语从句 The question whether he will accept it confuses us.
难点：
1. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；
e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (应改为：…how old she is)
2. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。
e.g. *She didn’t tell me when she will come. (应改为：…when she would come)
3.转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。
e.g. I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next. = I’ve no idea what to do next.
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

难点：宾语从句中的It
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 　我每天写日记成了习惯.
I think it no use crying.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 　
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
Please see to it that the door is closed
Don't take it for granted that we help you.
I would appreciate it if you could help me.
. I find _____ important that we practice English every day.
A. it B. this C. that D. what 
(5). You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
重点：宾语从句中的虚拟
1) suggest,order,insist, propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，sb (should )do...
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
2) wish接虚拟
I wish I were you. I wish I hadn't known you. I wish I could go abroad one day.
3) 在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： (should) + 动词原形，如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

单项选择
( ) 1. I don’t think he will come here on time, ? (重庆)
A. won’t he B. will he C. does he D. is he
( ) 2. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I’ll let you know. (扬州)
A. will come; will come B. comes; comes
C. will come; comes D. comes; will come
( ) 3. Nobody knows he’ll come or not. (辽宁)
A. that B. if C. / D. whether
( ) 4. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. (通化)
A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going
( ) 5. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China. (河北)
A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to

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