初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习及答案.doc

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现在完成时
【现在完成时】
A. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等
【构成】 肯定形式：have/has + done
　　 　否定形式：have/has + not +done
　 　　一般疑问句：have或has放于句首
　B.　现在完成时的用法
1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。
eg. The car has arrived.　车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）
　　　 Someone has broken the window.　有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）
区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in
have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了
have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中
have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在
例如：你以前去过北京么？　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home?
B: No,he is not in,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（他去香港了）
　　2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。
　　eg. He has studied English for 5 years.
　　　 He has studied English since 2001.
　　　 Now I have finished the work.
　注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。
如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。
由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

精品资料
arrive →be here
begin(start)→be on
die →be dead
come back →be back
leave →be away
fall ill(sick, asleep)
→be ill(sick, asleep)
get up →be up
go out →be out
finish →be over
put on →wear 或be on
open →be open
join →be in
或be a member of…
close →be closed
go to school →be a student
borrow →keep
buy →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)
get to know →know
begin to study →study
come to work →work
例题
（ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
（ ）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
（ ）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
（ ）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
（ ）5.You mustn't_____ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
（ ）6.The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
（ ）7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
（ ）8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
（ ）9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
（ ）10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
（ ）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
（ ）12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
（ ）13.---How long _____ you _____ ill ?
---Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
（ ）14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
（ ）15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
练习
[单项选择]
（ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
（ ）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
（ ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before 　　D. a moment ago
（ ）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote 　　D. has written
（ ）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed; well 　 B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better
（ ）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was; studying 　B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying
（ ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
（ ）9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really? When _____ there?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
（ ）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?
—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished
C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish
（ ）11、His father ______ the club since 1988.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
（ ）12、—Do you know her well?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
（ ）13、—How long have you ____ here?
—About seven years.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
（ ）14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
（ ）15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu.
A. is B. has C. will D. was
（ ）16、Miss Green isn't in the office. She _______ to the library.
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
（ ）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
（ ）18、He ________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
（ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
（ ）20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here 　 B. has started to work C. has lived there 　 D. has left the universit
1、Both  his  parents  look  sad .Maybethey  _________what's  happened  to  him .
　　Ａ.  knew  Ｂ.  have known   Ｃ.  must know   Ｄ.will know
　　2、He  has  _______ been  to  Shanghai , has  he ?
　　Ａ.  already   Ｂ.never    Ｃ.ever    Ｄ. still
　　3、Have  you  met  Mr  Li ______？
　　Ａ.  just   Ｂ.  ago     Ｃ.before   Ｄ.  a moment ago
　　4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
　　Ａ. is  writing    Ｂ.was  writing    Ｃ.wrote  Ｄ.has  written 5、-Our country  ______ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
　　Ａ. has  changed ; well   Ｂ.  changed ; good
　　Ｃ. has  changed ; better Ｄ.  changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already  ______in this school for two years
.Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied  Ｄ. are ; studying
　　7、We ______ Xiao  Li  since  she  was  a  little  girl .
Ａ. know   Ｂ.  had  known   Ｃ. have  known   Ｄ.  knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
　　Ａ.  will  see     Ｂ.  have  seen     Ｃ.  saw   Ｄ.see
　　9、-These  farmers  have  been  to  the  United  States . -Really ? When _____  there ? Ａ. will  they  go      Ｂ.  did  they  go
　　 Ｃ.  do  they  go      Ｄ.  have  they  gone
　　10、-______ you ___ your  homework  yet -Yes . I _____  it  a  moment  ago .
　　Ａ.  Did ; do ; finished    Ｂ.  Have ; done ; finished
　　Ｃ.  Have ; done ; have  finished   Ｄ.  will ; do ; finish
　　11、 His  father  ______ the  Party  since  1978 .
　　Ａ.  joined    Ｂ.  has joined  Ｃ.  was in Ｄ.  has  been  in
　　12、-Do you know him well ?-  Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
　　Ａ.  were    Ｂ. have been  Ｃ. have become   Ｄ. have made
　　13、-How long have you  ____ here ?-About two months .
　　Ａ.  been     Ｂ.  gone     Ｃ.  come  Ｄ.  arrived
　　14、Hurry  up! The  play __________ for  ten  minutes .
　　Ａ.  has  begun Ｂ.  had  begun Ｃ.  has  been  onＤ.  began
　　15、 It  _____ ten  years  since  he  left  the  army .
　　Ａ.  is   Ｂ.  has    Ｃ.  will    Ｄ.  was
　　16、 Miss  Green  isn't  in  the  office . she_______  to  the  library .
　　Ａ.has  gone  Ｂ. went   Ｃ.will  go   Ｄ.  has  been
　　17、My  parents ______  Shandong  for  ten  years .
　　Ａ.  have  been  in  Ｂ.have  been Ｃ.  have  gone  to Ｄ. have  been
　　18、The students have cleaned the classroom,      ?
　　A. so they   B. don't they   C. have they   D. haven't they
　　19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he        to China?
　　A. How soon, comes             B. How often, got  
　　C. How long, came              D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle        for more than 9 years.
A. has come here   B. has started to wor
C. has lived there      D. has left the university
　二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空：
　　1. i have _______ seen him before, so i have no idea about him.
　　2. jack has _________ finished his homework.
　　3. mr. wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
　　4. “have you ________ seen the film?” “no, i have ________ seen it.”
　　5. “has the bus left _______?” “yes, it has _________ left.”

　　三、用适当的时态填空：
　　1.she’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
　　2.both of them ________________ (be) in hong kong for ten days.
　　3.both of them ____________ (come) to hong kong ten days ago.
　　4. half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
　　5. mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?
　　6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?
　　7. ---are you thirsty? ---no i _________just _________ (have) some orange.
　　8. we ---- already _________ (return) the book.
　　9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?
　　10. i _____________(not finish) my homework . can you help me?
　　11. my father _____ (read) the novel twice.
　　12. i _________ (buy) a book just now.
　　13. i _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
　　14. my father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.

[汉译英]
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、 他昨天收到一封信。

3、 我父亲以前到过长城。

4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、 她去过上海。

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