沪教版八年级英语上册第六单元知识点总结.doc

Unit6 Ancient stories
1、ancient adj 古代的 ancient towns 古镇 in ancient times在古代
近义词： old 旧的 古老的 aged 年迈的
反义词：modern 现代的 modern society 现代社会
2、understand 及物动词（vt） + 名词/ 代词
Eg. Can you understand me? Do you understand French?
过去时、过去分词 understood
形容词adj understandable 名词n. understanding 理解 领悟
3、difference n. 差别 不同 different adj.不同的 differently adv.不同地
difference between A and B A和B的差别
4、need sth/sb 需要某物、某人 eg.I need another ten minutes.
need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事
eg. If I need you to e and help, I’ll call you.
need doing =need to be done 需要被……
eg. my watch need repairing.=my watch need to be repaired.
need +v 需要做某事
eg. She need go to the bank now.
5、so many + 可数名词复数 如此多的…… so much+不可数名词……
so much water/money so many students/flowers
6、main adj 主要的 the main task 主要任务 mainly adv 主要地
7、celebrate+名词 v. 庆祝 celebration n.庆祝 庆典，庆祝活动
Eg. How do you celebrate Christmas Day？
Today is his birthday, so we’re going to celebrate.
We have a celebration in the hall every year.
8、pull v.拖，拉动 push v.推
pull in (火车)进站；路边停靠 pull up 停止，停车
Pull……into 把……拉入、拖入 pull……out把……从……拉、拖出来
Eg. They are pulling the boat into the sea. He pulled the boy out of the hole.
9、stupid adj 笨的，傻的 同义词foolish 傻的 silly 愚蠢的
反义词：clever聪明的 smart 机敏的
10、midnight 午夜，子夜 at midnight 在午夜
midday正午 midfield 中场midlife中年
11、empty adj. 空的 反义词： full 满的 v.倒空 empty the trash 倒垃圾
12、except prep.除……之外（不包括在内）
besides prep.除了……之外，还有……(包括在内)
except for 除……之外 用于叙述整个情况后，在细节上加以修正或补充，含有惋惜，美中不足之意。
Eg. The article is good except for two spelling mistakes.
eg. We all went to the zoo except Li Ping.除了李平，我们都去动物园了。
Ann and Lily went to the party besides Tom.除了汤姆，安和莉莉也参加了聚会。
12、 keep a secret保守秘密 in secret秘密地
13、side n.侧面 on the side of 在……的侧面
both sides of the paper 纸张的两面 side by side 并排，肩并肩
eg. The couple are walking side by side on the road.
14、quiet adj 安静的 quietly 安静地 悄悄地
keep quiet He is walking quietly. Move quietly! Don’t wake her up.
Please speak quietly in the library.
15、join the army 参军，入伍 enter the room 进入房间
16、succeed v. 成功 反义词： fail v.失败
succeed in sth 在某方面成功 succeed in doing sth成功做某事
success n. 成功 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地
eg. We hold a party to celebrate our success. He is a successful man.
We succeeed in solving the problems. The actors’ performance was very successful.
He finished the task successfully.
17、give +代词 up 放弃 give+名词 up give up+名词
Eg.Tom isn’t good at maths, but he won’t give it up.
Eg.To keep healthy, you should give up smoking.
18、take sth with sb 随身携带某物
Eg.You should take a pen and a notebook with you when you take part in the meeting.
19、make jokes about拿……开玩笑；以……为笑柄
Eg. He often makes jokes about me. She is making a joke about this thing.
20、go to bed 上床睡觉 （强调动作） be asleep 表示“睡着”的状态
go to sleep表示“ 入睡，睡着”的动作（强调人已“睡着”）
fall asleep 表示“睡觉”的过程（侧重“自然而然地入睡”）
21、by+地点 表示“在……旁边”，表方位。 如：by the lake/river/tree/window
by+交通工具 意为“乘、坐、骑……” 如：by train/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane
by+名词 表示“靠……,通过……” 如：by mail/radio/fax/telephone/hand
by+动词ing 意为“通过……”,表示方式.如：by waiting/practicing
22、be full of 装满、充满……(状态) be filled with 装满（强调动作）
His mother left the room with her eyes full of tears.
eg. Soon the hall was full of people. The bag is filled with bread.
23、one by one 一个接一个 = one after another
Eg. We answered the questions one by one.
同类归纳：side by side 肩并肩地；并排 day by day 一天天地
step by step 一步步地 little by little逐渐地
24、until 直到……为止 not……until……直到……才……
I waited until 12:00, but he didn’t e. We won’t start until Bob es.
25、king 国王 queen 王后 prince 王子
26、steal 过去时 stole steal sth for sb 为某人透某物
steal sth from sb 从某人那里偷某物
27、punish sb for doing sth 因做某事惩罚某人 punishment n.刑罚，惩罚
28、fall in love with sb 爱上…… be in love with sb 热恋着
Eg. Tom fell in love with Mary three years ago.=tom has been in love with Mary for three years.
29、how long , how often , how soon, how far how many ,how much用法区别。

How long

对“长度”或“一段时间”提问，意为“多久，多长时间”。
常用“20sentimetres”或“for+时间段”及since +时间点/since+一般过去时句子回答。

How often
用于提问“动作的频率”，即动作“多长时间发生一次”。
常用always等频度副词或once a week,three times a day/week等短语回答

How soon
对表示将来的时间提问，意为“多久”。
常用“in+一段时间”回答。

How far
对距离，路程提问，意为“多远”。

常用ten kilometers/miles, three minutes’ walk等短语回答

How many
对可数名词的“数量”进行提问，意为“多少”，后接可数名词“复数形式”。
常用five books,2 kiloes等回答。

How much
对不可数名词的“数量”或物品的“价格”进行提问，意为“多少，多少钱”，后接不可数名词。
常用“two hundred yuan, a glass of water.等回答。

30、behind the scenes在后台，在幕后 set the scene for sth 为……做好准备
31、pay attention to+名词、代词、或动词ing形式。
常用短语： attract /draw one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
give attention to考虑，注意，关心 call attention to 唤起对……的注意
catch one’s attention 引起某人的注意
Eg. When you look up a word in the diction , you should pay attention to the way it is used.
This point is very important. You should pay attention to it.
Please pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation.
32、once 意为“曾经，昔日”，常用于一般过去时的句子中。
意为“一旦”，引导时间状语从句。
Eg. Once he learned some English.
Once you get into a bad habit, you’ll find it hard to get out of it.
33、called被称为，叫作 =named
Eg. I like the cat called /named Mimi.
34、e on 快，加油，加把劲？（要视不同语言环境来理解它的意思）
Eg、e on！you don’t have much time. 快点儿!你们没有多少时间了。
e on,of course you can tell me. I’m your best friend.行了，你当然可以告诉我。我是你最好的朋友。
e on,Eric,don’t be sad any more. Everything will be OK.
好了，埃里克，别再伤心了。一切都会好起来的。
35、ask sb（ not ）to do sth 让某人（不要）做某事
Eg. Lily often asks me to help her learn Chinese.
She asked him not to speak loudly in the room.
36、make/let/have sb do sth 让某人做某事 make sth for sb为某人做某物
make sth make a cake/kite 制作一个蛋糕、风筝
37、in 与after 用法区别
in+一段时间，句子用将来时
after跟时间点，句子用将来时，跟时间段，句子用过去时。
Eg. Our teacher will see you in two days. Li Ming came back after three a week.
Anna will e here after three o’clock.
38、under arrack 受到攻击 under control 被控制
under discussion 在讨论中
They are afraid that they will be under attack, so they dare not go out.
39、in danger 处于危险中 out of danger脱离危险
40、thing of 想起 sail away 开船离开 be afraid of 害怕 look down at 俯视

语法：现在完成时（二）