新版新目标英语八年级下册unit3知识点总结.doc

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
Section A
1.Could you please do sth ?用于提出请求，希望得到对方肯定回答，语气较委婉。
肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
否定回答：Sorry , I can’t. / I’m afraid I can’t.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
   作允答可以各种各样：
   如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
   如果不同意，可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
2. take
(1)取，拿：Please take some books to the classroom.
(2)吃，喝，服用 Take some medicine.
(3)乘车，船等 We can take a bus to the park.
(4)花费（时间、金钱） It took me 2 hours to do my homework.
take care of 照顾 take a walk 散步 take awa拿 take up占据 take place 发生 take off脱下；
take one’s time慢慢来

3.problem question 问题
problem客观存在待解决的问题，侧重困难。Solve the problem
question因存疑而提出问题，侧重疑惑。 answer the question

4.(1)neither adv 也不 句子须部分倒装。此时可用nor替换 neither
I don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。 Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。
【注意】肯定句：He likes beef..--So do I. 我也喜欢。
(2) neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词就近原则 Neither Tom nor I am a student
(3) neither 作代词表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Neither of my parents is at home.
辨析 also, too, either, neither
(1)also 较正式，在句中位于行为动词前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
Peter also likes beef. I am also a student. She can also swim.
(2)too较口语，多用在肯定句句末。
(3)either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句句末。
I don’t have much money either.
(4)neither 用作副词，意为“也不”解释，句子须采用部分倒装。
also和too常用于肯定句，neither用于否定句；
either表示“也”用于否定，但either…or用于肯定。

5.or
否定句 也不 We don’t have tea or coffee.
陈述句 或者 Answer me yes or no.
疑问句 还是 Do you like red or pink?
表转折 否则 祈使句 Hurry up, or you will be late.

6.e over 过来
e across （偶然）发现 e back回来 e up with想出 e true实现
e from来自 e on加油 e in/into 进入,进来 e out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来

7. surprise
(1) in surprise 惊奇地 惊讶地
He look at me in surprise.
(2)可数名词，令人惊奇的事或物
That is a big surprise.
(3)不可数名词 惊奇 to one’s surprise
To my surprise, he didn’t leave.
(4)及物动词，使惊奇 surprise sb
His success surprised us.

8. work on 从事，忙于   work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫

9. borrow some money 借一些钱
    borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sth
    lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)
    You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。
    Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？
注意： keep 延续性动词 I can keep the book for one week.

10. pass sb sth=pass sth to sb地给某人某物

11.need v 需要作实义动词常用于肯定句
(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth need doing = sth need to be done
need做情态动词用于否定句或疑问句.
(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t
Must I go there now?Yes，you must/No, you needn’t

Section B
1.invite v → invitation n邀请
(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地

2.waste
(1) v 浪费
waste time/money on sth
waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱
(2) n 不可数 浪费 废物 垃圾
a waste of 浪费
a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱
(3)adj 浪费的 无用的 荒废的
waste paper

3.spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth 在某事上花费......
sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth
spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the puter games.
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new puter costs me a lot of money.
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.

4.in order to 目的是；为了 后接动词原形 句首 句尾都可以
in order to do sth 为了做某事

5.provide v 提供 为应急等做好准备而提供； 供给
provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物= provide sb. with sth.
(1)offer侧重表示愿意给予
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 对某人提供某物
offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
(2) supply定期供应, 强调替代或补充所需物品
supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物

6. depend on 依靠；信赖
It all depends.=That depends. 视情况而定

7. since conj.
(1)由于，因为，既然 引导原因状语从句 (表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）
Since we don’t have money,we can’t buy a house.
(2)自....以后，自.....以来 引导时间状语从句
It’s two years since we visited your mother.

8.keep +sth /sb. +adj. 使......处于某种状态
keep 系动词 保持 keep + adj . We must keep healthy.
实义动词 保持；继续
(1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事
He was in great pain but he kept on working
(2) keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.

9. as a result 结果 因此 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）
as a result of 由于.....，作为.......的结果

10. the + 比较级， the + 比较级 越...... 越......
The faster, the better.

11. independent adj 独立的，自主的
12. make → made →made v. 做， 制作， 使得
(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 让某人或某物… make you happy
(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.
make sure 确信 make a dialogue编对话 make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽)
make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸 make friends (with)和..交朋友
make room for给..让地方 make tea沏茶 make money赚钱 make a decision作出决定
make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make fun of = laugh at 取笑

13. have time to do sth.有时间做某事
have time =be free 有空

14. get into =enter 进入
get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失
get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧
get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get well康复
get a chance 有机会、得到机会 get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)

15.get older 长大
get/ bee/ go辨析：
(1)get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用 The days are getting longer and longer.
(2)bee 强调变化的结果 It's being colder and colder.
(3)go+adj. 表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿

16. do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分
do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责

17.develop independence 培养独立意识
develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的
a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家

18.take care of 照顾
take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心
take medicine服药 take place发生 take one’s temperature量体温
take one’s time别着急 take a walk散步