沪版牛津英语中考宾语从句专题复习.doc

第1讲 宾语从句+句型转换

能力实践-----句型转化专题

宾语从句：
经典题型1：
Mrs. Lin asked me “Have you finished drawing the picture?” (合并为一句) (2013青浦一模)
Mrs. Lin asked me ________ I ________ finished drawing the picture.
if/whether +S. +V.(注意时态)
常考结构：ask/tell/say to sb+ that(可以省略)+ S.+V.
疑问词+S.+V.

宾语从句注意三要素：
1、 连接词：根据宾语从句的意思，如果是陈述或者描述一件事情，用that；如果是问及是否，用if/whether；如果是缺少了成分或者希望得到某种信息，用相应的特殊疑问词。
另一种判断方式，是看直接引语是什么句式，陈述句用that 或者省略；一般疑问句用if/whether；特殊疑问句用相应的特殊疑问词。
2、 语序：注意必须是陈述句语序。
如：
He told me (that) he was from America.
He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.
He also wants to know where he can get the raincoat.
关于语序有一个需要注意的情况，那就是当从句的连接词（一般是特殊疑问词）在从句中是做主语的时候，后面的语序就是V.+O.+其他。
如：
“Who is responsible for the food safety problem?’’ asked the reporter．(改为宾语从句) (2013中考)
The reporter asked__________ __________responsible for the food safety problem.

Ø 时态
从句时态规律：
(1) 主句时态是一般现在时态，从句时态由时间状语决定。
如： Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. (合并为一句) (2011年中考)
The sales manager wants to know ______ there _____ any new markets in Asia.
(2)主句时态是一般过去时态，从句时态需要在原来的时态改变成相应的过去，如：一般现在时变成一般过去时；一般将来时变成过去将来时；现在进行时变成过去进行时；一般过去时变成过去完成时等。
如：
Did you ask them ________?（2013二模 闵行区）
A. when are they going to set out B. when they are going to set out
C. when were they going to set out D. when they were going to set out
Eddie couldn’t remember. What happened after the accident? (合并为一句)
Eddie couldn’t remember _________ _________ after the accident （2013二模闸北）
(3)主句是could you../would you...等表示委婉语气的句子，从句的时态不受影响，由时间状语决定。
如：
A: Excuse me, could you please tell me ________?
B: Yes. It’s at 123 Xinhua Road, just near the downtown.（2012一模 嘉定）
A) where the Star Hotel is B) where the Star Hotel was
C) how get to the Star Hotel D) how can I get to the Star Hotel

(4)从句里表达的是客观事实和真理的时候，从句的时态不受主句影响，而且都是用一般现在时。

经典题型2：
Damin taught his grandsons how they could catch more fish.(保持句意不变) (2012青浦一模)
Damin taught his grandsons _____ _____ catch more fish.
答案：how to
常考结构：learn/teach/forget/remember...+ 疑问词（连接代词／副词+不定式（短语）
宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。
       当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词／副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词／副词+不定式（短语）”结构。
B.合并成同一句
经典题型1：
Peter will go to jail. John will not go to jail. (合并成一句) (2011 青浦一模)
Peter will go to jail________ ________John.

常考结构：sb.do sth. instead of sb. 或者sb. do sth. instead of doing sth.
经典题型2：
Lin Dan played badminton very well. He won the Thomas Cup again. ( 合并为一句 ) (2012中考)
Lin Dan played badminton well ______　______ win the Thomas Cup again.

常考结构：结果状语从句的同义句：so/such…that+肯定句
= …adj./adv.+enough (+for sb.)to do sth.
so/such…that+否定句
= too+adj./adv+(+for sb.)to do sth.
= … not adj./adv.+enough (+for sb.)to do sth.
目的状语从句的同义句：主句+so that/in order that+从句(肯定)
=… in order to/so as to do sth.
主句+so that/in order that+从句(否定)
=… in order not to/so as not to do sth.

经典题型3：
We shouldn’t talk loudly in the theatre. We shouldn’t smoke there, either. (合并为一句)
We should __________ talk loudly _________ smoke in the theatre.

常考结构：S. + neither V nor V 两者事情都不做 (注意两个动词的时态和人称要一致)

经典题型4：
Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.
Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. (合并为一句)(2010中考)
___________ Chris ___________ Karen have gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.

常考结构：both... and...+V.(复数)
neither...nor....+V.(单数)
either...or....+V.(单数)

C.改成同义句
经典题型1：
Yesterday my friend Charlie said sorry to me because he broke my glasses. (保持句意不变)(2013青浦一模)
Yesterday my friend Charlie ________ to me ________ breaking my glasses.

常考结构：apologize to sb. for sth.=say sorry to sb.
动词短语或者介词短语的转换solve=work out ; in the end=at last; for the time being= at present;
used to be =is not ...any longer; like... better than...=prefer...to...; manage...=be in charge of=be responsible for; 比较级+than any other=最高级; look after=take care of =care for; want to=would like to
“花费”相互的转换：
pay..for sth; spend..on/(in) doing; cost sb some money; it takes sb...to do;purchase sth for
经典题型2：
Choose the perfect grapes only, or you won't be able to make the best wine. (保持句意基本不变)（2012中考）You ______ be able to make the best wine ______　you choose the perfect grapes only.

常考结构：S. will....if....(not)/ S. won’t...unless..
祈使句, and you will/ or you won’t
经典题型3：
We buy a special program in order to help the puter recognize our voice. (保持句意不变) (2013青浦一模)
We buy a special program ________ ________ it can help the puter recognize our voice.

常考结构：in order to do =so as to do=to do
in order that +句子=so that+句子
经典题型4：

Sometimes children are so young that they can’t tell the bad from the good.(保持句意不变)(2012青浦一模)
Sometimes children aren’t ________ __________to tell the bad from the good.

常考结构：so ....that sb can do = enough....to do
so...that sb can’t do = too...to do=not ...enough...to do (注意此处的前后的形容词需要是反义词)

D. 被动语态
经典题型
Though the earthquake destroyed many houses，people didn’t lose hope．(改为被动语态) (2013中考)
Though many houses__________ __________ by the earthquake，people didn’t lose hope．

常考结构：be + 动词过去分词
(1)is/am/are Vpp
(2)was/were Vpp
(3)has/have been Vpp
(4)should/would/must/may/will/need/...+ be Vpp
解题步骤：先判断原句的动词时态，被动语态的基本结构是Be+ V-ed，然后在be动词上面改变时态就OK。

E. 改为一般疑问句或者否定句
The new product consists of four main parts inside. (改为一般疑问句) (2012中考)
_______ the new product __________of four main parts inside?

常考结构：1) has a good time--doesn’t have a good time
has already finished---hasn’t finished yet
2) cost，cut 等的过去式和原形一样的动词，搭配第三人称单数考，注意判断时态。

F. 改为特殊疑问词
People help the victims of the earthquake through the Red Cross. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ people help the victims of the earthquake?

常考结构：once a week--how often; in ten minutes--how soon; for ten days---how long;
twenty miles away/ ten minutes’ walk(drive, ride等)-----how far; through/by doing--how;
to do----why; to do 中的do----what; John’s---whose; five thousand yuan---how much; .....
句型转化习题

检测题1
67. Susan played the violin in front of her schoolmates a week ago. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Susan ________ the violin in front of her schoolmates a week ago?
68. Teachers always encourage students to practice more after class. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ teachers always encourage students to do?
69. Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years. (改为反意疑问句)
Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years, _______ ________?
70. Kitty expressed many thanks to her parents on Thanksgiving Day. (改为被动语态)
Many thanks ________ ________ by Kitty to her parents on Thanksgiving Day.
71. Yesterday my friend Charlie said sorry to me because he broke my glasses. (保持句意不变)
Yesterday my friend Charlie ________ to me ________ breaking my glasses.
72. We buy a special program in order to help the puter recognize our voice. (保持句意不变)
We buy a special program ________ ________ it can help the puter recognize our voice.
73. Mrs. Lin asked me “Have you finished drawing the picture?” (合并为一句)
Mrs. Lin asked me ________ I ________ finished drawing the picture.
检测题2
67. Use of puters spread rapidly during that period. (改为一般疑问句)
________ use of puters ________ rapidly during that period?
68. People help the victims of the earthquake through the Red Cross. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ people help the victims of the earthquake?
69. Psy (鸟叔) won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award. (改为反意疑问句)
Psy won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award, ________ ________?
70. They collected some materials about an earthquake in Haiti. (改为被动语态)
Some materials about an earthquake in Haiti _________ _________.
71. We cannot drink sea water. We cannot take a shower with it, either. (合并为一句)
We can ________ drink sea water ________ take a shower with it.
72. “Mum, was the telephone invented by Bell?” the girl asked. (改为宾语从句)
The girl asked her mum ________ the telephone ________ invented by Bell.
73. We cannot predict the exact time and location of earthquake now. (保持句意基本不变)
________ ________, we cannot predict the exact time and location of earthquake.
检测题3：
67．Fred plans to work in the charity hospital in the munity．(改为否定句)
Fred__________ __________to work in the charity hospital in the munity．
68．Jim’s office is four kilometers away from the nearest underground station．(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________is Jim’s office from the nearest underground station?
69．Though the earthquake destroyed many houses，people didn’t lose hope．(改为被动语态)
Though many houses__________ __________ by the earthquake，people didn’t lose hope．
70．This year’s car exhibition was very special．It attracted many visitors．(合并为一句)
This year’s car exhibition was__________ special__________ it attracted many visitors．
71．With the help of a local guide, they reached the mountain top in the end.(保持句意基本不变)
With the help of a local guide，they reached the mountain top__________ __________．
72．Our journey to Britain last summer was amazing．(改为感叹句)
__________ __________our journey to Britain last summer was!
73．“Who is responsible for the food safety problem?’’ asked the reporter．(改为宾语从句)
The reporter asked__________ __________responsible for the food safety problem.
学法提炼
1. 一定看原句的时态和人称
2. 同义句改写平时必须整理一系列的短语
3. 常考的题型进行举一反三，变式训练